Reported speech: Câu tường thuật

Commands/ Requests (Câu mệnh lệnh)

Statements (câu phát biểu)

Yes-No Questions (câu hỏi Yes No)

WH questions
1. Commands/ Requests (Câu mệnh lệnh)

1. “Go away!”, said Lan.

- > Lan asked/ told me to go away.
2. “Don’t go away!”, said Lan.
- > Lan asked/ told me not to go away.
3. “Go away!”, Lan said to John.
> Lan asked/ told John to go away.
1. Commands/ Requests (Câu mệnh lệnh)
Câu khẳng định
S + asked + O + to V…
S + told + O + to V…
Câu phủ định
S + asked + O + not to V…
S + told + O + not to V…
 2. Statements (câu phát biểu)
1. “I will visit you tomorrow”, Lan said to me.
-> Lan told me (that) she would visit me the day after.
2. “She doesn’t like to stay here”, Tom said to Minh.
-> Tom told Minh (that) she didn’t like to stay there.
3. “You should explain to her, Hoang”, said Yen.
-> Yen told Hoang (that) he should explain to her.
-> Yen advised Hoang to explain to her.
 3. Yes-No Questions
1. “Do you like travelling?”, Linh asked.
- Linh asked/wondered/ wanted to know
if/whether I liked travelling.
2. “Did he read the book yesterday, Minh?”
- I asked Minh if he had read the book the
previous day.
 4. WH Questions
1. “Why do you like travelling?”, Linh asked.
- Linh asked/wondered/ wanted to know why I
liked travelling.
2. “Why did he read the book yesterday, Minh?”
- I asked Minh why he had read the book the
previous day.
 Remember!
Xác định (chủ ngữ, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, động từ, từ chỉ thời gian, nơi
chốn)

Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu hỏi, dấu chấm than, chữ (please)

Đổi chủ ngữ, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu theo quy tắc: NHẤT CHỦ- NHỊ TÚC – TAM
NGUYÊN

LÙI THÌ + ĐỔI CÁC TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN NƠI CHỐN TỪ GẦN THÀNH XA
I. CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG
1. Thay đổi động từ trong câu tường thuật
- Động từ tường thuật là động từ giới thiệu câu nói trực tiếp hay câu
nói gián tiếp. Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ
tường thuật được thay đổi tùy theo trường hợp cụ thể.
- Dưới đây là các động tường thuật dùng trong câu:
Said → said (that)
Said to sb → told sb
Ex: 1. He said, “I am twenty years old.”
He said (that) he was twenty years old.
2. He said to me, “I work in a factory.”
He told me he worked in a factory.
2. Lùi thì
must -> had to
-> must
1. Have to/ has to -> had to

2. will -> would

3. can -> could

4. may -> might

5. v1/s/es -> v2/ed

6. V2/ed -> had v3/ed

Ex: 1. He said, “I am a taxi driver.”
He said (that) he was a taxi driver.
2. He said, “I am living in London.”
He said he was living in London.
3. He said, “I have visited many famous places.”
He said he had visited many famous places.
4. He said, “I visited The Great Wall in China.”
He said he had visited The Great Wall in China.
[Link] said, “I will look for a better job.”
He said he would look for a better job.
6. “I must go now,” Alice said.
Alice said that she had to go then.
7. She said, “I can swim.”
She said she could swim.
3. Thay đổi từ chỉ định, các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
this that
these those
now then, at that time, immediately
here there
today that day
ago before
yesterday the day before, the previous day
tomorrow the next day, the following day, the day after
this year / month / week that year / month / week
last year / month / week the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week.
next year / month / week the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week.
a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier
The day before yesterday Two days before
The day after tomorrow Two days after
Ex: 1. He said, “I am working hard today.”
He said that he was working hard that day.
2. They said, “We went to work late yesterday.”
They said that they had gone to work late the day before.

4. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Ngôi thứ nhất ( I ) Đôỉ thành ngôi của người nói (cùng ngôi với
chủ từ trong mệnh đề chính
Ngôi thứ hai Đổi thành ngôi của người nghe (cùng ngôi với
(you/we/they/DTSN ) tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính)
Ngôi thứ ba Không thay đổi
(he/she/It/DTS ít )
Ex: 1. He said, “I like my job.”
He said he liked his job.
2. He said to me, “You look like my sister.”
He told me I looked like his siter.
* LƯU Ý: Các trường hợp KHÔNG thay đổi thì trong câu tường
thuật:
a. Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lí, hay một thói quen ở hiện tại.
- Nếu câu nói trực tiếp nói về một sự thật, một chân lí hay một thói quen thường
xuyên lặp đi, lập lại ở hiện tại, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta phải giữ nguyên thì
của câu trực tiếp.
Ex 1: The teacher said, “The earth moves round the Sun”
The teacher said that The earth moves round the Sun.
2: My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.
He said that his wife always drinks coffee for breakfast.
b. Động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn :
- Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn thì khi chuyển từ câu trực
tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta giữ nguyên thì của động từ và ta chỉ đổi chủ
ngữ, tân ngữ… nếu cần.
- Các động từ tường thuật ta thường gặp :
say ( nói )
tell ( bảo, kể )
order = command = request ( ra lệnh, yêu cầu )
ask ( hỏi )
Ex: The doctor says to me“ you should give up smoking”
The doctor says to me that I should give up smoking.
c. Không thay đổi thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp nếu có thời
gian xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex. She said, ‘‘I was born in 1980’’
She said that she was born in 1980
e. Các động từ khiếm khuyết: could, would, might, ought to, should
thường không thay đổi trong câu tường thuật.
Ex. He said, ‘I might come’
He said that He might come’
- Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn: “wish’
Ex: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”
® He wished (that) he had a lot of money
II. Bài tập vận dụng từng dạng
1. Statements
(Câu phát biểu) * S + said + (that) + S + V(lùi thì)
* S + told + O + S + V(lùi thì)
1. He said, “I have just bought a computer today.”

2. Linda said, “There is someone at the door, Bill.”

3. Thomas said “All the students will have a meeting next week”

4. She said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”

5. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”

6. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”

7. She said “I may visit my parents in summer”

8. The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”

9. She said “I don’t buy this book”

2. Commands/ orders / requests (Câu mệnh lệnh/Câu đề nghị / Câu yêu cầu)
(tell, ask. order, advise, warn. beg. command, remind)
* S + told/asked + O + to - V
* S + told /asked+ O + not + to - V

1. Nick said to Tim: “Please open the window.”

→Nick told Tim to open the window.
2. Mother said, “Tim, go to bed early.”
→ Mother told Tim to go to bed early.
3. Father said to Liz: “Don’t come home late.”
® Father told Liz not to come home late.
4. Mary angrily said: “Never smoke in my room.”
→ Mary told me never to smoke in her room
5. “Would you turn on the radio, please?” She asked.
→ She asked me to turn on the radio.
6. “Could you lend me some money, please?” He asked
®He asked me to lend him some money.
7. “Please, please turn off the T.V, John,” said Tom.
→Tom begged John to turn off the TV.
8. He said to me: “Don’t come back before one o’clock”.
→ He asked me not to come back before one o’clock.
9. “Don’t touch that switch, Peter.” I said
→ I warned Peter not to touch that switch.
10. “Remember to write to me soon,” she said to me.
→ She reminded me to write to her soon.
3. Y-N questions: (câu hỏi Y/N)
* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S + V(lùi thì)
* S + wondered + if /whether + S + V(lùi thì)
* S + wanted to know + if /whether + S + V (lùi thì)
1. He said to me, “Are you from Canada?”
He asked me if I was from Canada.
2. The man said to her, “Did Bill tell you my address?”
The man asked her if Bill had told her his addresss.
3. The girl said, “Do you live near here, David?”
The girl asked David if he lived near there.
4. “Do you like sports?” Hang asked Nam
Hang asked Nam if he liked sports.
5. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam

6. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom

7. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend

8. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter

9. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan

10. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?”

11. “Will you be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu

12. “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba
4. Wh-q (từ để hỏi)
* S + asked + O + wh-q + S + V (lùi thì)
* S + wondered + wh-q + S + V (lùi thì)
* S + wanted to know + wh-q + S + V (lùi thì)
1. He said to them, “Where are you going?”

2. The teacher said, “When do you do your homework, Tom?”

3. The tourist said to me, “How often does the train get in?”

4. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me

5. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked John

6. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”

7. “What time does the film begin?” She asked her mom

8. The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?”

9. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him

10. “How much does this dress cost?” Ann asked her mother

11. Mary asked David “How often do you wash your clothes?”