Question 2: The chart below shows the percentage of government spending on
roads and transport in four countries from 1990 to 2005.
The bar chart gives information about the allocation of funds for the transportation
sector in Italy, Portugal, the UK, and the USA every five years between 1990 and 2005.
As clearly seen in the chart, all countries experienced decreases in their budgetary
allocation for roads and transport during the studied period, with Portugal showing the
most pronounced reduction. Notwithstanding this, Portugal remained the country which
subsidized the sector of transportation the most, proportionally.
(Italy & Portugal) Portugal and Italy dedicated much higher portions of funds to roads
and transport. The former initially had about 27% of their spending on this area, which is
the highest figure in the chart by far, while the latter spent 20%. Thereafter, the
Portuguese government significantly reduced its expenditure on transportation to 20%
in 1995 and kept doing so, albeit to a lesser extent, until 2005, at which point this
sector received approximately 16% of government spending. Witnessing a roughly
similar decreasing trend, the portion of money spent on roads and transport in Italy had
fallen to around 13% by 2000, and this was followed by a recovery, though rather
negligible, at the end.
(UK & US) Turning to the other nations, the UK witnessed an increase in spending on
roads and transport, reaching 13% in 1995 from a starting point of 11%. This, however,
was followed by a twofold drop to about 7% at the end, making the UK the country
funding the transportation sector the least, proportionally. Finally, the US maintained a
relatively stable expenditure on roads and transport. From an initial 13%, the
percentage marginally decreased to 12% in 1995, preceding a rise to 14%, before
eventually reverting back to 12%.
Question 5: (DIFFICULT)