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Chapter 42: Introduction to selected homologous series (c) 2,3-dibromobutamide (d) 2-methylpropyl
A B C D A B C D A B C D 2-methylpropanoate
12 15 18 (i) (i)
13 16 19
14 17

(10)
(a) (b) (c) (ii)
(ii)

Ethyl ** 4-chlorohex-4-ene-1,2- 3,4-dibromo-4-chloro

2-methylpropanoate diol but-1-ene

(e) 2,3-dimethylbut-2-en-1-amine (f) Hexa-2,4-dienedioic acid

(d) (e) (f)
(i) (i)

3,3,4-trichloro-4-methyl Hex-1-ene-3,4-dione 2-methylbutanedioic

hexa-1,5-diene acid
(ii)
(ii)
(g) (h)

4-chloropentan-2-one 5-chloropent-3-enal
(20)
(11) (a) CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 (1)
(a) 2-bromo-1,3-dichlorobut-2-ene (b) 2,4-dichlorobut-2-enoic acid
(i) (i) (b) 3-methylbutan-1-ol (1)
(c) Both isoamyl acetate and many organic solvents are relatively (1)
non-polar compounds.
Their molecules are held together by weak intermolecular (1)
(ii) (ii) forces/van der Waals’ forces.
(d) Isoamyl acetate has distinctive odour/ it is non-toxic. (1)
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(22)
(21)
(a) Isopropyl alcohol (1)
(a) CH3(CH2)2CONH2 and CH3(CH2)3OH (1)
(2) (b) This is because it can be used as a disinfectant, which can kill germs (1)
and bacteria.

(c) Propanone (1)

(d) This is because acetone molecules can form hydrogen bonds with (1)
water molecules.
(1)

(e) Propan-2-ol molecules are held together mainly by (stronger) hydrogen (1)
bonds, while acetone molecules are held together by weak van der
+ at H and  at O and N Waals’ forces only.
(b) Increasing order of boiling points:
CH3(CH2)2CH3 < CH3(CH2)3Cl < CH3(CH2)3OH < CH3(CH2)2CONH2. (1) The intermolecular forces between propan-2-ol molecules are stronger
than those between acetone molecules. More energy is needed to separate
 Both CH3(CH2)2CH3 molecules and CH3(CH2)3Cl molecules are held together
by weak van der Waals’ forces only. the molecules of propan-2-ol during boiling.
-The strength of van der Waals’ forces increases with the molecular size.
-As the molecular size of CH3(CH2)3Cl is larger, the van der Waals’ forces
between the molecules are stronger. So, the boiling point of CH3(CH2)3Cl is (1)
higher than that of CH3(CH2)2CH3.
 CH3(CH2)3OH and CH3(CH2)3Cl have similar molecular sizes. But hydrogen
bonds in addition to weak van der Waals’ forces exist among CH3(CH2)3OH (1)
molecules.
- The intermolecular forces between CH3(CH2)3OH molecules are stronger.
Hence, CH3(CH2)3OH has a higher boiling point than CH3(CH2)3Cl.
 Both CH3(CH2)2CONH2 molecules and CH3(CH2)3OH molecules are held
together mainly by hydrogen bonds.
- But CH3(CH2)2CONH2 can form more extensive hydrogen bonds among its (1)
own molecules than CH3(CH2)3OH. (no of H-bonds per molecule is not required)
The intermolecular forces of CH3(CH2)2CONH2 are stronger. Hence,
CH3(CH2)2CONH2 has the highest boiling point.