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Transport Phenomena Problem Set 1

1. The document presents six problems involving transport phenomena and fluid mechanics. The problems cover topics like: - Using Einstein notation to evaluate vector operations - Applying vector calculus identities involving del operators - Determining the velocity profile and flow rate of a liquid film flowing down an inclined wall - Analyzing flow between parallel plates where the fluid viscosity depends on temperature - Deriving expressions for the air flow rate and lid closing time of a telescoping cardboard box 2. The problems require using concepts like the Navier-Stokes equations, shell balances, and vector/tensor calculus to analyze fluid flow, heat transfer, and related transport phenomena in various systems. The document asks the reader to solve the

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ujjawal kumar singh
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13 views4 pages

Transport Phenomena Problem Set 1

1. The document presents six problems involving transport phenomena and fluid mechanics. The problems cover topics like: - Using Einstein notation to evaluate vector operations - Applying vector calculus identities involving del operators - Determining the velocity profile and flow rate of a liquid film flowing down an inclined wall - Analyzing flow between parallel plates where the fluid viscosity depends on temperature - Deriving expressions for the air flow rate and lid closing time of a telescoping cardboard box 2. The problems require using concepts like the Navier-Stokes equations, shell balances, and vector/tensor calculus to analyze fluid flow, heat transfer, and related transport phenomena in various systems. The document asks the reader to solve the

Uploaded by

ujjawal kumar singh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CL203-S1: Transport Phenomena: Problem set 1

1. Using Einstein notation, show that for vectors a, b, c and d:


a. axbxc = (a.c)b – (a.b)c
b. (axb).(cxd) = (a.c)(b.d) – (a.d)(b.c)
c. For any unit vector, n, evaluate: n x (a x n) + n(a.n), where a is any arbitrary vector. Work
this out using Einstein notation.
d. Use Einstein notation to show that a.(b x C) = (a x b).C, where a and b are vectors and C is
a second order tensor.

2. Prove (using Einstein notation) that:


a. .( x a) = 0
b.  x  x a = (.a) - 2a
c. .(a x b) = b.  x a – a.  x b
d. x(a x b) = a . b – b .a + b.a – a.b
e. Evaluate: r and .r (where r is the position vector with the usual meaning)
f. Evaluate 𝛻 𝜙 where 𝜙 = 𝑙𝑛(|𝑥 |)

3. A liquid film (Newtonian liquid) is flowing down an inclined wall as illustrated in the figure.
Determine the velocity profile in the film and the volumetric flow rate down the wall when h2 
 . How large must h2 be in order to neglect the effect of the air? Discuss the limiting case of 
 0 and   /2.
In all cases, determine the force exerted by the fluid on the lower wall.

ĝ 
h2, air

4. The viscosity of a Newtonian liquid depends on the temperature according to the following
equation:
(T) = o [1+(T-To)]-1

where To is a reference temperature. The fluid flows under the influence of a pressure gradient
between two flat parallel plates that are maintained at temperatures To and T1, where T1 > To.
The temperature in the fluid has a steady state profile as follows:
T(y) = To + (T1-To)(y/H)
Determine the flow rate in terms of the pressure gradient dP/dx, and sketch the shape of the
velocity profile

How does the average flow in (a) compare to that when the temperature is isothermal and = To?
How does the location of the velocity maximum shift, and how does the shape of the velocity
profile change?

6. Consider a “telescoping” cardboard box, as shown in the figure. This is a box where the lid fits
tightly, so that there is a only thin air gap between the box and the lid (for example, mobile
phones are often supplied in such boxes).

LID, mass = m
dL
dt
L(t) a

Q
h
In such boxes, the weight of the lid sets up a pressure difference that drives the flow of air out
through the narrow gap between the lid and the box (p = mg/A, where A is the surface area of
the box and m is the mass of the lid). Consider that the perimeter of the box is w, and the gap
between the box and the lid is h. Assume that air is an incompressible Newtonian fluid with
density  and viscosity , and that the airflow is sufficiently slow to be laminar.

For small values of dL/dt, use a quasi-steady approximation to derive an expression for the
velocity profile in the gap, and for the volumetric flow of air, Q (in terms of the quantities
specified). If you need to make any assumptions, state these clearly. You can either perform a
shell balance or directly use the Navier Stokes equations.
If at the initial time, L(t = t0) = L0, then derive an expression showing how L(t) varies with time.
What is the time taken to close the lid?

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