Alinteri J. of Agr. Sci. (2022) 37(1): 06-08 [Link]

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e-ISSN: 2587-2249 DOI:10.47059/alinteri/V37I1/AJAS22002
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

The Effect of different Types of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth and

Yield of Vegetable Plants
Huda Hassan Aziz Watban1*
1*Department of Biology, College of Education, Quran, University of Basrah, Iraq.

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: From interfaces to farming organically, she is system comprehensive for production. She
Received: 14.01.2022 depends on administration and perpetuates the system's environmental nature instead of relying
Accepted: 23.02.2022 on flow inputs (fertilizers, material manufacturers) so she puts effects on social, health, and
Available Online: 28.03.2022 environmental potential into consideration. During cancellation, use all that is industrial from
fertilizers, pesticides, and organizations' growth and replace it with what is natural and
Keywords: available in the environment. During rotation, natural resources are available, such as waste
animals of all kinds and the remains of vegans. That addition waste Organic to me the soil He
Organic Farming
increases From Subject Organic In which an increase From Prepare Biology microscopic and its
Ecosystem activity as well Working On addition food elements for soil in the form of continuous Than
Animal Waste Restores balance for items food In which The objective of the article: is to compile scientific
Plant Residues material on organic fertilizers and their importance for vegetable plants and to highlight some
Vegetable Plants of the studies that I dealt with.

Please cite this paper as follows:

Watban H.H.A. (2022). The Effect of different Types of Organic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Vegetable Plants. Alinteri Journal of
Agriculture Sciences, 37(1): 06-08. doi: 10.47059/alinteri/V37I1/AJAS22002

Introduction Striving to increase the yield in quantity and quality is

required to meet the growing needs of the population
Cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. is one of the most
through various types of service, including fertilization
important summer vegetable crops in Iraq and the world,
(Zarjis, 2006), and doubling production by using chemical
and one of the most widespread. It belongs to the
fertilizers was not without compensation, as countless
Cucurbitaceous family. Cucumbers are cultivated in Iraq in
problems emerged, including environmental damage to
open fields in Erwatin (spring and autumn). It is also grown
human health due to intensive use and the adult is not for
in a protected environment under tunnels, greenhouses, and
those chemical fertilizers (Hatiz and Bayoumi, 2006).
greenhouses (Wanted et al., 1980).
Which calls those concerned with environmental safety
The area planted with this crop in Iraq reached 188242
to what is known as sustainable agricultural development,
dunums in 2010, and its production is equivalent to 192525
which is an attempt to stay away from all that is chemical in
tons, with a yield rate of 2294.2 kg/dunum, (Statistical
plant nutrition and to return to nutrition with natural
Group, 2011). Cucumbers are grown for their fruit, as they
organic fertilizers.
are consumed fresh in salads or cooked, as well as used in
The use of natural organic fertilizers has a much better
pickling (International Organization for Statistics, 2013).
effect than chemical fertilizers in increasing the
Cucumber fruits also benefit in balancing high and low blood
characteristics of vegetative growth, the quantity of yield,
pressure (Waseem et al., 2008).
and the quality of fruits (ALY, 2002).
Due to the importance of this crop and the increase in
Many developed countries are turning to organic
demand for it and the high consumption of it, it has received
agriculture and reducing as much as possible the use of
great attention from plant breeders.
chemical compounds because one of the goals of organic
agriculture is to produce plants that are free from the toxic
* Corresponding author: Huda Hassan Aziz Watban effects of pesticides and chemical fertilizers and to produce
clean crops (Farhan, 2008).

6
 Watban H.H.A. (2022). Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 37(1): 06-08

(Al-Rudaman and Al-Shinnawi, 2008) indicated that Nitrogreen liquid manure, decomposed sheep manure, humic
organic agriculture has medium and long-term effects on acid, and marine extract seaming). The fruit and the
agricultural ecosystems. average weight of the fruit for the marketing yield were not
The addition of organic residues to the soil plays a affected by the organic fertilizers, while the fertilization
major role in increasing soil fertility and providing nutrients with seamino fertilizer extract led to a significant increase
to it, as well as improving chemical and physical properties in the diameter of the fruit compared to the comparison
of the soil, such as ionic exchange capacity, water storage treatment and the addition of fertilizer blue pigeon and
capacity, and the release of stimuli from amino acids nitrogen. As for the yield characteristics of the fruits, the
(Dweni, 2003). treatment of adding the organic fertilizer Atalpolina was
Organic fertilizers such as (humic and fulvic humic acids significantly superior in terms of the number of total and
and amino acids) were also used in low concentrations to oval fruits. This treatment also outperformed the total and
improve soil properties, plant nutrition, accelerate growth, marketing yield of fruits, which amounted to 142.27 and
and increase production (Zaidan and Diop. 2005). 136.46 tons/ha, respectively, compared to the same way of
Humic acids are complex substances derived from the comparison.
decomposition of organic matter and used to activate Hamma et al. (2012) found in an experiment conducted
nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, seed germination, and on cucumber plants when adding poultry manure to the soil
improve plant performance (Santiago-Andreu et al., 1994). two weeks before sowing at five levels (12.9, 6.9, and 3.0)
Bohme and Thi explained to Lu (1997) that humic acids tons/ha, that levels 9 and 12 achieved a significant increase
have a positive effect on the absorption of nutrients by the in the length of the plant, the number of leaves, the number
plant, as they work on the readiness of the elements and of fruits, and the amount obtained from the plant.
their transfer, especially the micro-nutrients, and the amine EL-Nemr et al. (2012) observed in a study conducted on
group in the humic acids can absorb the negative phosphate the cucumber plant by spraying with four concentrations of
ion and improve its readiness for the plant. humic acid (3, 2, 1, and 0) g/liter for Beta-alpha, and they
Also, humic acids inhibit the activity of the enzyme (IAA found that all concentrations outperformed the comparison
oxidase), which leads to an increase in the activity of auxin treatment, but the concentration was 3 g/liter. Plant
(IAA), which plays a role in stimulating plant and root height, number of branches and leaves/plant, leaf content
growth (Wandruszka et al., 1999). Also, humic acids improve of N, P, K, Mg, Ca elements, number of fruits/plant, fruit
the holding capacity of elements in the soil through their length, and total yield of cucumber plants were recorded at
association with sodium. Which helps the plant to withstand the highest rate.
high concentrations of this element and protects it against Imran (2004) observed in an experiment he conducted
toxicity and osmosis problems (Stevenson, 1994). on the cucumber plant, cultivar Lahluba, by spraying with
three types of plant extracts, one of which is the extract of
fenugreek (Trigonella). Foenum root extract, dioica at a
Review the Sources
concentration of 50 g/L, and nettle extract at a
Al-Thafi et al. (2013) found in a global experiment that
concentration of 50 g/L, wherein the fenugreek extract was
was conducted in a greenhouse on the cucumber plant Sara
superior in the number of fruits/plant compared to the
variety in order to study the effects of the ground
control treatment and also led to an increase in the sex ratio
application of animal fertilizers (poultry manure, sheep
and fruit diameter. The garlic extract was also distinguished
manure, cow manure, without fertilizing) at a level of 10
by increasing the thickness of the leaf, while the extract of
tons/hectare and spraying with organic fertilizer Humi Feed
licorice root outperformed. In increasing plant height, a
and three concentrations (1,0.5, 0) ml/liter and the
number of leaves and number of fruits compared to the
interactions between them, where the results showed that
control treatment, while the nettle extract was superior in
adding any type of animal fertilizer and spraying with
increasing the number of branches/plant, leaf area, and dry
organic fertilizer Humi-feed and the interactions between
weight, as well as in increasing the total content of
them had a significant effect on growth and yield
chlorophyll and net photosynthesis compared to the control
characteristics. Poultry manure was achieved by spraying
treatment.
with an organic fertilizer at a concentration of 0.5 ml/liter.
Al-Shammari and Omar (2011) observed a field
The highest rate of plant height, number of branches,
experiment conducted in one of the government nurseries
number of leaves, leaf area, number of fruits, the weight of
during the agricultural season 2011-2012 to study the effects
the fruit, quantity of yield, and the highest production of
of spraying with three types of organic fertilization (organic
the greenhouse
vegetable fertilizer ALGA CIFO 3000, AZOMIN organic animal
Al-Bayati (2011) indicated in an experiment in one of
fertilizer, and spraying with distilled water only (comparison
the unheated greenhouses of the College of Agriculture and
treatment). The results showed the superiority of the hybrid
Forestry/University of Mosul to study the effect of different
AS1 when fertilized with an animal fertilizer at the rate of
types of organic fertilizers on some characteristics of
plant height. The highest content of chlorophyll in leaves
vegetative growth, quality, and quantity of yield of the
was 54.50%, and the hybrid BF372 fertilized with organic
fruits of the female hybrid cucumber, Grass F1 variety,
plant fertilizer was superior in the average number of days
where the study included the addition of different types of
required for the first flower to open in 50 % of the plants,
fertilizers The ground organic fertilizers are: competitor,
which reached 40.33 days, and in the greenhouse yield,
factory poultry manure (Atabolina), blue pigeon manure,
which recorded 12.89 tons/greens/greenhouse.
7
 Watban H.H.A. (2022). Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 37(1): 06-08

Conclusions Farhan, Hammad Nawaf (2008). The effect of organic and

It is concluded from previous studies that organic nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and production of
potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L). Anbar Journal of
fertilizers, whether vegetable or animal, and humic
Agricultural Sciences, 136-145.
fertilizers are superior in increasing the characteristics of
vegetative growth and quantitative yield characteristics, as Statistical Group. (2011). Central Bureau of Statistics.
Directorate of Agricultural Statistics. Ministry of
well as the superiority of organic fertilizers in increasing the
Planning and Development Cooperation. Baghdad -
sex ratio of cucumber plants. Iraq.
Wanted, Adnan Nasir al-Din Sultan Karim and Karim Saleh
Recommendations Abdoul (1980). Vegetable production (Part One). Dar
It is recommended to add organic fertilizers from all Al-Kutub for Printing and Publishing. University of
Mosul – Iraq.
sources to the cucumber plant in order to obtain the highest
rate of all vegetative growth characteristics, the highest Aly, H.H. (2002). Studies on keeping quality and storage
total yield, and the highest nutritional value. ability of cucumber fruits under organic farming
system in greenhouses (Doctoral dissertation, M. Sc.
Thesis, Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., Egypt).
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