AVAILABLE COURSES AT SUNYA IAS

GENERAL STUDIES (GS)

PRELIMS COURSES
Sunya Notes - Current Affairs - 40 pages per month [The Hindu + PIB + Other monthly]
Prelims Static Revision Notes - Entire syllabus in 100 pages - Multiple sources
Prelims PYQ Content - Highly researched PYQ Content [from both Questions & Options]
Prelims Crash Course - Entire syllabus in 150+ hrs [Static + Current]
CSAT Foundation Course - from Basic to Advance [NO FORMULAE]

MAINS COURSES
MAINS CRASH COURSE - Entire syllabus in 200 hrs
ESSAY Enrichment Module - Highly Practical [Lectures + Notes + Content + Topper copies elements]
MAINS GS BOOKS [One Paper = One Book] - Both Static & Current
MAINS PYQ Solved - Last 8 year [Exam Oriented solved papers]
Mains Current Affairs 2024 - BiMonthly PDFs [Highly exam relevant & to the point articles]
Mains Content Boosters: Data, Reports, Examples, Case studies, Best Practices etc
MAINS 2023 Current Affairs Course
DISHA - Art of Answer Writing
MAINS TEST SERIES: 20 Tests or 35 Tests
Daily Answer Writing(DAW): One Question Daily

INTEGRATED PRELIMS AND MAINS COURSES

BRAHMASTRA 2024: Integrated Prelims Cum Mains Test series + Study Material + Mentorship
GS FOUNDATION 2024: “REAL” Foundation Course: We ensure 100% syllabus coverage as per exam demand.
[This would be highly oriented towards bringing you on a right track]

AARAMBH 2024: NCERT Bridge Course: Get your basics right!

OPTIONALS
SOCIOLOGY AGRICULTURE GEOGRAPHY
• SOCIOLOGY FOUNDATION (Online & Offline) • AGRI FOUNDATION (Online & Offline) • GEOGRAPHY FOUNDATION (Online)
• SOCIOLOGY CURRENT AFFAIRS • AGRI NOTES (Paper 1 & 2) • GEOGRAPHY NOTES (Paper 1 & 2)
• SOCIOLOGY NOTES (Paper 1 & 2) • GEOGRAPHY PYQ (Last 8 year solved
• SOCIOLOGY PYQ
• SOCIOLOGY DAILY ANSWER WRITING ANTHROPOLOGY
• SOCIOLOGY TEST SERIES
• ANTHRO FOUNDATION (Online & Offline)
PSIR • ANTHRO Enrichment Course
(CRASH COURSE)
• PSIR FOUNDATION (Online & Offline) • ANTHRO NOTES (Paper 1 & 2)
• PSIR Enrichment Course (CRASH COURSE) • ANTHRO PYQ (Last 8 year solved)
• PSIR NOTES (Paper 1 & 2) • ANTHRO TEST SERIES
• PSIR PYQ (Last 8 year solved)
• PSIR DAILY ANSWER WRITING
• PSIR TEST SERIES
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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INDEX

SOCIAL ISSUES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

POLITY & GOVERNANCE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
ECONOMY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
ENVIRONMENT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28
SECURITY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
DISASTER MANAGEMENT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34

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SOCIAL ISSUES
• Demand for Khalistan in Punjab (Negative example)
• Demand for Dravida Nadu- Dravidian Movement, also known as ‘Self-
Respect Movement’ which started in Tamil Nadu in 1925. Initially focused
on empowering Dalits, non-Brahmins, and poor people.
• Bodoland Demand within Assam- The Bodo agitation is led by the Assam
Bodo Students Union which is demanding a separate state.
• Formation of Jharkhand (Positive example)
• (Formation of Chhattisgarh, Uttaranchal, and Jharkhand, reconstituting
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, respectively.)
• Son of soil movements- Clashes between Bodos and Bengali speaking
Muslims in Assam.
• Under development as a cause of regionalism- Vidharbha, Saurashtra
and Bundelkhand.
• Over development as a cause- Harit Pradesh (Western UP), Tulunadu
(South Karnataka).
• Inter-state regionalism- Cauvery river water dispute.
• Boundary disputes- Between Karnataka and Maharashtra over Belgaum
Regionalism where Marathi speaking population is surrounded by Kannada speaking
people, between Kerala and Karnataka on Kasargod, between Assam and
Nagaland on Rengma reserved forests. There is a dispute over Chandigarh
in Punjab and Haryana.
• Sub-regionalism- Saurashtra in Gujarat
• Supra-state regionalism- Rivalry between North and South India on issues
such as language or location of steel plants.
• Regionalism turning into Sub-nationalism- Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
LTTE examples.
• Local job reservation in states such as Haryana, Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana.
• Delhi hospital revokes ban on Malayalam- An order banning the nursing
staff of the Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical
Education and Research (GIPMER), a Delhi government-run hospital, from
speaking in Malayalam in the hospital has been revoked.
• Extreme regionalism- include IsacMuivah's National Socialist Councilof
Nagaland, Islamic fundamentalist groups in Kashmir and Assam, and the
United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) in Assam.
• Haj Subsidy, Kailash Mansarovar subsidies.
• Hindus celebrate Makara Sankranti by flying kites and most of the kite
makers are Muslims.
Secularism • Muslims and Hindus respectfully close down their shops during
processions of Muharram and Ganesh Chaturthi.
• Triple Talaq→ShayaraBano case (2017)
• Restrictions on women temple entry: Shani Shignapur, Haji AliDargah.

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• Indian cuisine emerging as most popular- Butter Chicken

• KFC do not sell beef items in India.
• Mc Donald going vegetarian during Navaratri.
• Spread of communicable diseases such as AIDS, COVID-19.
• SEWA- Union of women laborers.
• Kutchcraft– Association of craftswomen groups generated over 6,000 job
opportunities since India embarked on path of Globalization (Positive)
• Women silk spinners of Bihar lost their jobs once Chinese and Koreansilk
yarn entered the market (Negative).
• Gujarat- Women gum collectors from Julifera (Baval trees) lost their
Globalization employment due to import of cheaper gum from Sudan.
• Glocalized Saree draping is a rising fashion theme
• Loss of IPRs- Neem, Ayurveda patent controversies
• MNCs conduct business on a worldwide scale and have branches and
satellite offices all over the world. Eg: Google, Facebook, Microsoft.
• Automotive industry- India provides better economies of scale. MG,
Hyundai, Renault, Nissan, Citroën, Jeep, Honda, Toyota, KIA,
Volkswagen, Škoda, Audi, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and
MINI are the foreign automotive companies that manufacture and market
their products in India.
• Banking industry- Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
(HSBC) is a foreign bank under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
• Kerala->no segregated residences; so strong emotional bond and less
communal conflicts occur.
• Muzzaffarnagar riots, 2014
• Anti-Sikh riots, 1984
• Assam communal violence, 2012 (between indigenous Bodos andBengali
speaking Muslims)
• Biwandi ‘Mohalla Comittees’- Successful in institutionalizing cross-
Communalism communal interactions.
• Community Policing- Friends of Police in TamilNadu, Janamaithri
Suraksha Project: Kerala; Meira Paibi: Manipur.
• UPSC Jihad program by Sudarshan TV
• Tablighi Jamaat Issue during lockdown last year.
• Nikah halala, Polygamy, Triple talaq
• Pehlu Khan Lynching case
• Lynching of Bangladeshi Nationals in Assam (alleged cattle thieves)
• Soft secularism- Seen in USA; no government funds to religious bodiesetc.
Secularism • Hard secularism- Seen in France; banning of face covering niqabs and
burqas in France.
• Zomato announced that it would allow female and transgender
employees to take up to ten days of paid “period leave” per year.
Women • Japan’s 1947 labor standards law inducted provision of seirikyuuka
(Positive (menstrual leave) for painful periods.
Example) • SHE-Box→Online complaint management system
• Whenever a girl is born, Haridaspur, a remote village in Telangana,
celebrates by distributing sweets and lighting lamps. All girl childrenin

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the village are going to have accounts of Sukanya Samriddi Yojana(SSY),

a savings scheme being implemented by the Union government
• Mahila E-Haat: Leverages technology for showcasing products
manufactured/sold by women entrepreneurs.
• Spandana initiative (Andhra Pradesh)- Technology to make police
accessible; three-way communication between person, SP and fieldofficer.
• An all-women team, piloted the longest non-stop commercial flight from
the United States to India.
• All-women ‘Nirbhaya Squad’ of Jaipur police→The bike-borne
Nirbhaya Squad with women constables are trained in martial arts, who are
deployed at schools, colleges, malls and bus stops to extend protection to
women.
• Women Entrepreneurs- Pepsi by Indra Nooyi, Axis Bank by Shikha
sharma, ICICI bank by Chanda Kocchar.
• International Women’s trade centre at Gender Park, Kozhikode.
• Chuppi Todo Abhiyaan- Awareness campaign about menstrual hygienein
Nagaur district, Rajasthan.
• Ghar Doghaanche Abhiyan- Joint ownership of housing by husbandand
wife in Maharashtra.
• Maharastra government has decided to raise an all women battalion ofthe
state reserve police police force
• All women crew for Air India commercial flight
• Nirbhaya Vahini by Manasi Pradhan demand ban on liquor trade,
trading of girls
• Women’s India Premier league 2023
• Bharosa cells by Atul k Kulkarni for women safety
• 'Pad Squad', an initiative to distribute free sanitary pads in Mumbai
• Supreme Court of India held that daughters, like sons, have an equal rightto
inherit ancestral property
• Women Army Officers are now eligible for permanent commission:SC
• Janani Auto rickshaws of Odisha (for women delivery)
• Kerala’s Muhamma becomes India’s first synthetic pad free village.
• Honour Killing in Dausa, Rajasthan
Women • Kathua, Unnao, Hathras and Hyderabad Rape Case
(Negative • Muzaffarpur shelter home rape case/Bihar shelter home case
Example) • Dowry calculators on internet based on age, caste, profession, colour
(negative example)
• Arogyakeralam- Palliative care and support for the chronically ill and
infirm in Kerala.
• A medical practitioner in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh has carved a namefor
herself by offering medical check-ups to the poor for a consultationfee of
Rs 10.
Health
• Comprehensive annual and total health check-up for healthy Sikkim
(CATCH)
• Janta clinic in Jaipur for urban poor, Rajasthan
• Australia has introduced regulatory reforms to influence prescriber
behavior to combat Anti-microbial behavior (AMR).

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• Health A.T.M at railway stations act as point of care devices

• Telehealth model at Ganjam District, Orissa
• Mo Masari, Odissa - successful malaria prevention initiative
• Smart Anganwadi in Gujarat- eliminates use of multiple registers.
• Jan Aushadikendras- Bring down healthcare budget of every citizen
through providing quality generic medicines at affordable prices.
• Concept of hospital adopting a village where students participate in
community activities.
• Rural Health Care Foundation (RHCF) working for healthcare since
2009 and provides high quality and affordable primary medical care to low-
income and underprivileged groups in West Bengal.
• Heal in India initiative by Union Health ministry to standardize treatment
packages for foreign nationals
• Tele-medicine in Erode, Tamil nadu
• Can Kids, Kids Can- Founded in 2004 and it is the only national NGO
working across the entire spectrum of childhood cancer care in India.
• Dilip Mahalanabis, medical professional returned from the United States to
serve in the 1971-Bangladesh war refugee camps. By promoting the
worldwideuse of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), he saved over five crore
lives globally.
• Ratan Chandra Kar, a retired government doctor from Andaman, treated
Jarawas during the Measles Epidemic of 1999 and brought them back from
theverge of extinction.
• Vennila Vadivelu awarded ‘Covid women warriors, the real heroes’ award
by NCW for her work during pandemic.
• e-Sanjeevani portal has turned out to be boom for the people living in
Arunachal Pradesh
• Success story of PM Janaushadhi Pariyojna in Assam.
• Sadarjung hospital in Delhi -> use of both Ayurveda and allopathy
(integrated medicine centre).
• Delhi’s desh ke mentor programme -> app based conservation on career
exploration, mental health.
• Jagananna Gorumudda scheme-> healthcare professionals would visit
each household in their jurisdiction and give treatment for ailments
• Yeshashwini micro health insurance in Karanataka
• Open kitchen concept in Gujarat-Kitchen with glass doors and windows.
• Healthier menus in canteens (Maharashtra)
• Decentralized ICDS supplementary nutrition programme of Odisha.
• Mamata Programme- It provides a cash benefit scheme to pregnant and
Nutrition lactating women to improve nutrition and promote health-seeking
behavioursin Odisha.
• Matri Amrit Ahar: This ceremony is organized in Assam for pregnant
women in last trimester and comprise of providing nutritious food like
locally available fruits, pulses etc.

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• Rajasthan ‘Apna Gaon Apna Kaam’

• Jaga Mission in Odisha- Transforming slums into livable habitat; It is the
world’s largest slum land title project under Land rights for slum dwellers
Poverty act, 2017.
• Philippines social protection support project
• China – Yunnan Integrated road network development project
• Bolsa Familia – Brazil → Financial aid to poor Brazilian families.
• Mexico- Opportunidades→Government social assistance in which cash
payments are made from the government directly to families to decrease
overhead and corruption.
• Sri Lanka- SamruddhiKosh
• Painting on 100 Episodes of Mann Ki Baat by divyang woman from
Ajmer, Rajasthan.
• 100% electrification to rural schools-> Dr. Jitendra Soni, district collector
in Nagaur, Rajasthan ensured that schools in rural region are 100%
Inclusive
electrified.
Growth
• Manodarpan initiative to provide psychosocial support to students
• Kenya has 22% and 31% representation of women in National assembly
andsenate
• Himachal Pradesh on track to achieve target of 33% women in police set
byUnion Home ministry
• Kerala govt announced menstrual leave for women students in all state-run
universities
• Maharashtra government to raise all-women battalion of state reserve
policeforce (SRPF)
• Ugandan government passed anti-LGBTQ law-> life imprisonment for
anyone who has been in consensual same-sex sexual encounter.’
• Mahindra logistics launches queer inclusion policy to foster inclusion
of
LGBTQAI+ employees.
• Transgender Community desk at Gachibowli, Hyderabad
• Kerala- 1st state to formulate transgender policy
• India’s first transgender sports meet organized by Kerala.
• Ireland, Denmark allows for self-determination of gender withoutmedical
treatment.
LGBT • Gender Neutral Toilets in Delhi
Community • Chennai Trans kitchen-> first transsexual only restaurant in Chennai
• Sameera M. Jahagirdar fight for the rights of LGBT+ to the Medical
Council of India, which has not recognized need to restructure the MBBS
Curriculum
• Manipur has become the first state in the country to have an all-
transgender football team
• Sathyasri Sharmila- first transgender lawyer.
• Kalki Subramaniam- Sahodari Foundation, helps other transgender
people like herself.
• Pranathi Prakash- Broken all norms associated with Hindu marriage
traditions, when he performed all the rituals usually undertaken by a father
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at the wedding of his foster daughter.

• Shanavi Ponnusamy- Wrote to President alleging Air India denied her
cabin crew job despite her clearing written exam.
• Manabi Bandopadhyay- Appointed as India’s first college principal in
2015. However, she resigned citing ‘immense mental pressure’[Negative]
• Manjamma Jogathi: Received the Padma Shri Award in 2021 for her
contribution to folk dance.
• Achinta Das Mazumder-> first person in Bengal to get Aadhar card by using
transgender id card as a proof of identity.
• Sweekurti project (Odisha)-> skilling transgender community
• Pota cabins → residential schools for the children in LWE affected areas
of Chattisgarh.
• Delhi Model Virtual School - provide education to students remotely
through personalised teaching-learning, effective assessments and use of
cutting-edge technology.
• E-Talim → Video recording of lectures by best teachers in Kishangarh
district of Bihar.
• The AaoGhar Mein Seekhein (let’s learn at home) programme in Rajasthan,
improved access to education amidst COVID-19 pandemic.
• "Namath Basai" - Kerala Government unique programme of teaching
tribal children in their mother tongue.
• Baste Ka Bojh Kam project (Rajasthan)- Integrated book for different
subjects.
• Mobile libraries ran by girls in MP during CoVID
• Pratibha Parv: M.P-regular assessment of teaching learning and
evaluation of education
• UP govt announced that it would use millet in mid-day meal programme
• Library Langar Program by Punjab government
• E- takin: Kishangarh district, Bihar - video recording of lectures by best
Education
teacher in district
• Mera Mobile, Mera Vidyalaya: Banka, Bihar
• Ammachi Labs - Mobile vocational education in rural India
• Sonam Wangchuk started New hope revolutionizing education in Ladakh
• Pune Zilla Parishad has appealed to citizens to donate old smartphonesand
used laptops to help poor students continue with e-classes during the
lockdown
• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) launched ‘Learning Science via
Standards’, a unique initiative for students for learning science via
standards.
• IT club of school at Koothattukulam in Kerala will train students to blog
and post videos on Youtube, Going beyond mere basics of IT
• Distribution of Smartphone by Punjab Government for Students to
access Online education
• Central Sector Scheme of Free Coaching Scheme (FCS) for SC and OBC
students' is implemented in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
• Kerala Government became 1st state which helped struggling students to
repay education loan debts after the completion of their course.
• New NCERT textbooks to be made/ developed in 22 languages included in
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theVIII Schedule.
• Social worker from Nagaland, Ramkuiwangbe Newme, protected and
promoted Heraka indigenous culture through awareness camps and
programmes, and established 10 primary schools and encouraged education
for women.
• Learning improvement programme (LIP) in Sangli, Maharashtra
• School principal from Jharkhand developed unique blackboard model
outside every house to teach children, their parents and grandparents.
• Ngurang Learning Institute installed free library station in various districts
of Arunachal Pradesh.
• Ministry of Women and Child Development launched the ‘Poshan Bhi,
PadhaiBhi’ campaign-> It aims to transform the 14 lakh Anganwadi centres
into pre- schools that offer early childhood care and education.
• Over 9000 teacher vacancies complemented by Teach for India
• Effort of Cubbon Reads (a reading community) for inculcating the love
ofreading among people.
• Digital library initiative in Basti Uttar Pradesh will provide huge benefits to
thecandidates appearing in the competitive exams.
• Harekala Hajabba-> never received formal education but built primary
school for underprivileged.
• Karnataka govt reintroduced “water bell” concept in schools->
encourages school children to drink water at regular intervals.
• Sampark: Reaching out through school student helpline in Odisha
• Dare to Dream contests -> promote individuals and start-ups for innovation
inarea of defense and aerospace
• Seekho aur kamao-> placement-linked skill development scheme for
minority youth
• Khan academy has 130mn learners; Khanmigi, AI powered virtual
chatbox answers queries and feedback on assignments
• Nirmal grams-open defection free villages in Jharkhand through
Swachh community participation
Bharat • Ransapara village in Assam got title of cleanest village through
community cleanliness drives
• Increased number of Child Marriages in Tiruchi post lockdown
• Akha Teej Occassion in Rajasthan for mass Child Marriages
Children • Committees led by mothers to ensure better monitoring of services
delivered at Anganwadis in Madhya Pradesh
• Instances of illegal Child Adoption during 2ndCoVID wave
• Sugamya Bharat campaign- Enable persons with disabilities to gain
access for equal opportunities and live independently and participate fully
Disability in all aspects of life.
• Purple fest, a festival for divyangs in Goa

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• Vulnerability- During Chennai floods, elderlies formed a large

proportion of total deaths.
• Google and Telangana government signed MoU to train senior citizensin
using internet.
• Germany- Multi Generational homes
Elderlies
• WHO Brascilia declaration on promoting healthy ageing
• NITI Aayog- Aadhar based smart cards containing health details of
senior citizens
• Jharkhand’s Jamtara-> Club instituted to deal with elderly loneliness and
depression
• Dalit man with an unspecified mental illness beaten to death in MP
Scheduled • Dalit boys forced to clean up excreta in Tamil Nadu
Caste • Death of Manual Scavengers in Delhi Patparganj Industrial Area
• Bhima Koregaon violence/Elgaar Parishad Case
• Sharias tribe battling malnutrition due to poverty, delayed breastfeeding,
premature pregnancies and seasonal migrations
• Padma Shri awardees Dr Rani & Abhay Bang's SEARCH is a voluntary
organisation that runs projects on tribal welfare, health, education.
• Killing of American by Sentinels tribe
Scheduled
• Odisha with most diverse tribal population is making efforts on
Tribe
mulilingual education by supporting more than 21 tribal languages
• Tribals of Mannakumbri of Karnataka had to tie the body of a womanto
a pole and carry it back as their hamlet has no road connectivity
• Organization of first Janjatiya Khel Mahotsav at Bhubaneswar - Role of
tribal players.
• Animal Sports like Jallikattu and Kambala
Culture vs • Use of Manja (Kite string) during Makar sankranti
Animal Rights • Kerala Animals and Bird Sacrifices Prohibition Act of 1968 thatprohibits
sacrifice of animals and birds in temples to ‘please’ the deity.
#LahuKaLagaan-> campaign by Trisha Shetty to abolish tax on
sanitarynapkins
• Family Pehchan patra (identity cards) for residents of J&K.
• Bhashini-> local language translation mission
• Dhara initiative by Ministry of Culture-> promotion and revival of
multipledomains of Indian Knowledge Systems.
Miscellaneous
• NAMASTE scheme-> enumeration of the Sewer/Septic Tank Workers
(SSWs).
• Ghar Doghaanche Abhiyan: Joint ownership of housing by husband and
wifein Maharashtra
• NCERT recommended for gender-neutral uniforms, Gender neutral toilets
andremoval of reference to caste system

*******

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POLITY & GOVERNANCE

• Co-operative federalism- Team India wing of NITI Aayog
• Competitive federalism – Resurgent Rajasthan, Invest Odisha etc.
• GST compensation cess devolution (Complaints of Delayed GST
Compensation Payment)
• ST Sangamam celebrates an ancient bond between Gujaratand Tamil
Nadu
• iStart scheme (Rajasthan)-> to promote innovation, generate
employment and facilitate investment
• West Bengal vs Centre over CBI power
• Centre vs Punjab over increasing jurisdiction of BSF
• Lockdown was implemented by center but responsibility of lifting curbs
Federalism
left on states
• Current steps by the central government are being taken under the Disaster
Management Act, 2005, which was not designed to handle epidemics
• COVID•19: Telangana sends team to learn from Kerala [state -state]
• Karnataka vs Maharashtra dispute in Belgaum [state - state]
• Autonomy-States (Tamil Nadu, Punjab, West Bengal) and many parties
(DMK, Akali Dal, CPI-M) have made demands of autonomy from time to
time. (Negative example)
• Financial powers-In 1977, the Left Front Government in West Bengal
brought out a document demanding a restructuring of Centre-State
relations. (Negative example)
Examples of Judicial Overreach
• National Anthem- It directed mandatory playing of national anthem in all
cinema halls.
• SC directing centre to conduct NEET
• SC ban on sale of alcohol within a distance of 500 metres fromNational
Highways by invoking Article 142. Thousands of hotels, restaurants forced
to close down resulting in loss of jobs.
• Reserving premium seats at five times the normal prices in Delhi metro
for car users affected by Odd-Even system
Positive Examples
• Cleansing of Taj Mahal (MC Mehta case)
• Rescuing children working in industry
Judiciary
• Representation of People’s act judgements
Others
• Judicial legislation- Example: Vishaka guidelines.
• Judicial Executivism- Example: National Highway Liquor ban.
• Judicial Governance- Example: Blood Bank
• SC introduces Fast and Secured Transmission of Electronic Records”
(FASTER) - ensure that under trials are not made to wait for days on end
behind bars to be released because the certified hard copies of their bail
orders were late to reach the prison system.
• SC directs installation of CCTC cameras (without audio) inside district
courts on pilot basis.
• Establishment of National Judicial Data Grid

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• Australia- Ethics commissioner to ensure Code of Ethics forjudges

• Delhi high court imposed fine of rupee 2 lakhs on man for filingfalse and
frivolous case.
• Recently, SC on two tweets initiated suo motu proceedings forcriminal
contempt against Prashant Bhushan
• SC ruled that "Office of Chief Justice of India" comes under RTIAct
• Nyaya Vikas Portal created for monitoring the implementation of
Centrally Sponsored Schemes.
• District Legal Services Authority West Tripura organizesDoor-to-
Door Legal Aid Campaign.
• Electronic signage system (Justice clocks) installed across court
complexes of state high courts.
• NALSA Judgement provided fundamental rights to
transgenders in India.
• SC ordered the release of the bonded laborers in Bandhua MuktiMorcha
Vs Union of India.
Public Interest • Sumit Batra case – SC laid emphasis on right to be protected fromsolitary
Litigation confinement of undertrials.
• SC judgment in Hussainara Khatoon Vs State of Bihar led to therelease
of thousands of under-trials who served their maximum period.
• Expanding scope of Article 21 to include right to clean air,livelihood
etc.
• India needs Parliamentary Budget office akin to US CongressionalBudget
office.
• Passing of farm laws in parliament by voice vote [However, repealednow]
Parliament • Disruption in Parliament's working by MP's
• Privilege motion against ex-Chief Justice of India
• In Britain, every bill is scrutinized by a committee.
• Participatory budget analysis-> DISHA in Gujarat
• Study by ‘India spend’ reported women panchayat leader invested 48
percent more than male counter parts for village development.
• Fatima Bi, women Sarpanch in Kurnool district (Andhra Pradesh)-UN's
Race Against Poverty Award.
• Meenangadi Gram panchayat in Kerala’s Wayanad district-> Carbon
neutral meenangadi project to transform meenangadi into a state of carbon
neutrality.
• Ministry of Panchayati Raj has prepared a Model Panchayat CitizensCharter
for delivery of the services across the 29 sectors.
Local
• National Mobile Monitoring System (NMMS) App for MGNREGS-
Government
o ↑transparency in MGRENS scheme
• Chhavi rajavat-> Harvard graduate returned to work as Sarpanch
• Madamakki village gram panchayat, Karnataka adopted innovative
methods to establish a circle at junction of roads by donation from Vijaya
bank.
• Ministry of Panchayat Raj: People’s Plan Campaign as ‘Sabki Yojana
Sabka Vikas’ since 2018 for preparation of evidence based, holistic and
inclusive Plan.
• Bijili panchayats in Haryana-> encouraging consumers to pay arrears and
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in return govt waives off surcharge.

• Panchayat banks-> providing banking facilities at village level in
Jharkhand
• Augusta Westland VVIP chopper deal
• Narada scam
Corruption/ • Vyapam Scam
Scams • Rs 600-crore Unipay2U scam, in which people were cheatedthrough
Ponzi schemes
• Padma Award Portal(to democratise the process)
• Right to Information (RTI) applications seeking information pertaining to
the PM CARES Fund have been stonewalled
Transparency
• Jan Soochna portal of Rajasthan :first ever, aims to provideinformation
to public about government authorities anddepartments
• Resignation of Kerala Higher Education Minister on rounds of Nepotism
• Recently 2G mobile phone network was installed in Vijaynagar,one of
the remotest administrative circles in Arunachal Pradesh
Digitalization
• Optical fiber launched for A&N island
• Smart Anganwadi - app for aganwaditeachers ,Gujarat
• Jharkhand’s man carried his 100-year-old mother on his back to bank to
withdraw her pension money from Jan Dhan account
• Similarly, In earlier incident a woman in Odisha had dragged her 100-
year-old mother in a cot to withdraw money from a Jan Dhan account
• "Haryana govt has distributed 'Parivar Pehchan Patra' as an an e-
Financial
governance initiative that will enable the citizens to get the benefit of
InclusionPoor
various Centre and State government schemes at theirdoor-step in a fair
governance
and transparent manner"
Good
• Kerala fibre optical network (KFON) to provide high speed connectivity;
Governance
Kerala is only state which has made right to access internet as basic
right
• First district good governance index of Arunachal Pradesh
• Andhra Pradesh recently decided to impose hefty fines onillegal sale and
transportation of Sand
• Tamil Nadu's custodial deaths: father-son duo arrested for alockdown
violation in Tamil Nadu
Police & • Video footage, of the police officials attacking citizens in the name of
Prison enforcing restrictions during Lockdown
Reforms • Hyderabad police killing of 4 accused in the ‘Disha’ case
• Encounter of Vikas Dubey
• Bhondshi Jail case - nexus between Inmates & Jail officials
• Bhoomi project- Online delivery of land records.
• Project FRIENDS in Kerala- Single window facility providingcitizens
to pay taxes and other dues to government.
• GIS based property tax monitoring by Surat Municipal corporation.
E-Governance • T Bhoobalan, IAS (Taxman of Tumakuru)-> doorstep tax collection
facility.
• CPGRAMS portal-> public can lodge complaints to hold public servants
accountable

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• TS-iPASS (Telangana State Industrial Project Approval and Self

certification system).
• Khajane project in Karnataka- Comprehensive online treasury
computerization project; tracks from approval of state budget to point of
rendering accounts to the government.
• PRAGATI 2.0 – It is a unique integrated and interactive platform through
which PM oversees the implementation of various government schemes,
grievances, state and central related projects & programmes by directly
interacting with all stake holders throughVideoconferencing on a single
platform.
• e-bill platform-> all central ministries will be brought under this by 2024;
timely clearance of bills.
• [Link]- Draft schemes and policy will be put in public domain and
asked for feedback and suggestions.
• E-parisaraa-> indigenous tech for extracting metals from printed circuit
boards (e-waste collection)
• Digital India Bhashini portal-> 260 open-source API based AI models
available for speech to text conversion
• Srijan app for defense export clearances
• E-daakhil portal for consumer complaints
Akshaya big campaign for document digitization -> Wayanand becomes
first district to provide basic facilities such as Aadhar to all tribal people
• Delhi HC launched hybrid e-sewa Kendra to enable litigants to seek info
about their cases and avail of other services from any place.
• E-BIZ Project- Single window support for all queries related to business.
• Tamil Nadu's custodial deaths: father-son duo arrested for alockdown
violation in Tamil Nadu
Police & • Video footage, of the police officials attacking citizens in the name of
Prison enforcing restrictions during Lockdown
Reforms • Hyderabad police killing of 4 accused in the ‘Disha’ case
• Encounter of Vikas Dubey
• Bhondshi Jail case - nexus between Inmates & Jail officials
• Bhoomi project- Online delivery of land records.
• Project FRIENDS in Kerala- Single window facility providingcitizens
to pay taxes and other dues to government.
• GIS based property tax monitoring by Surat Municipal corporation.
• T Bhoobalan, IAS (Taxman of Tumakuru)-> doorstep tax collection
facility.
• CPGRAMS portal-> public can lodge complaints to hold public servants
accountable
E-Governance • TS-iPASS (Telangana State Industrial Project Approval and Self
certification system).
• Khajane project in Karnataka- Comprehensive online treasury
computerization project; tracks from approval of state budget to point of
rendering accounts to the government.
• PRAGATI 2.0 – It is a unique integrated and interactive platform through
which PM oversees the implementation of various government schemes,
grievances, state and central related projects & programmes by directly
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interacting with all stake holders throughVideoconferencing on a single

platform.
• e-bill platform-> all central ministries will be brought under this by 2024;
timely clearance of bills.
• [Link]- Draft schemes and policy will be put in public domain and
asked for feedback and suggestions.
• E-parisaraa-> indigenous tech for extracting metals from printed circuit
boards (e-waste collection)
• Digital India Bhashini portal-> 260 open-source API based AI models
available for speech to text conversion
• Srijan app for defense export clearances
• E-daakhil portal for consumer complaints
Akshaya big campaign for document digitization -> Wayanand becomes
first district to provide basic facilities such as Aadhar to all tribal people
• Delhi HC launched hybrid e-sewa Kendra to enable litigants to seek info
about their cases and avail of other services from any place.
• E-BIZ Project- Single window support for all queries related to business.
• Patanjali Ayurved’s claim of having discovered a “cure” forCOVID
through Coronil went unchecked
Regulation
• Amendments to UAPA Act and NIA Act
De-Regulation
• Planned privatization of some services of the Indian Railways
Mis-
Regulation • Centre opens up coal sector, does away with end-use restriction
• Recent Amendment to deregulate Commodities under Essential
commodities Act, 1955
• Association for Democratic reforms (ADR) and Human rightswatch
(Protection of human rights).
• Azad Foundation, CERA is a feminist human rights organization;build
leadership in women).
• People’s Union for civil liberties (PUCL) and Right to Food.
• Goonj- relief activities during Rahat floods in Assam.
• Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan- pioneering role in getting theRight
to Information (RTI) law passed in India.
• Naz Foundation- LGBT rights to social inclusion.
• Smile Foundation- Promotes education among underprivileged.
• Helpage India- Focuses on concerns of elders like healthcare &pension.
Role of NGOs • Reuters- Unbiased NGO in the world.
• Nanhi Kali- Founded by Anand Mahindra; supports education for
underprivileged girls in India.
• Pratham- By Madhav Chavan and Faride Lambe; works forprovision of
quality education for underprivileged children in India.
• CRY (Child Rights and You)- Helps restore children’s rights tobuild a
society that promises equality, justice and respect.
• PRS Legislative research- Journal, documentation, research &awareness.
• Samata partnered with Gram panchayat for proper implementation of
FRA, CAMPA act etc.
• Green peace- Protested against Arctic oil drilling (Russia) and Whale
poaching (Japan)

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• Environmental NGOs in India- Green Peace, WWF, Bombay NaturalHistory

Society (BNHS), and Energy research institute, Kalpavriksha, Birdlife
International and Centre for Science and Environment.
• Umakant Umrao (collector of Dewas) helped farmers in MadhyaPradesh
to fight against drought by construction of 16,000 ponds.
• Ritu Maheswari installed new electricity smart meters to tackle
electricity theft in Kanpur (Facilitated industrial development).
• P Narahari provided barrier free environment for people withdisabilities
(Mobilization of human and financial resources).
Role of Civil
• Smita Sabharwal “Fund your city” in Warangal, Telangana-Secured
Servants
support of people for development by involving them.
• Chuppi Todd campaign (Break silence)- IPS Arif Shaikh – Whatsapp
number is provided through which women can lodge complaints with
police.
• Devansh Yadav (IAS)- Empowered SHGs to start sanitary pad making
unit and bamboo furniture unit.
• Citizen charter of Delhi Transport Corporation- Focused on awareness
of citizen charters through brochures and publicity materials
• People of Chandigarh demanded adoption of Citizen Charter in order to
pay taxes like House Tax in order to curb harassment by administration
• TISCO implemented social audit in 1979.
Citizen • Annual social audit by social welfare department revealed 11,700people
Charter & missing from the list of pensioners.
Social Audit • Meghalaya Community participation and public services social audit act,
2017- First state to legalize social audit for almost all government
programmes.
• Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan (MKSS) conducting audits in
Rajasthan.
• NGO promoting social audits among people in Andhra Pradesh
• SHG volunteers assigned in PDS shops in Tamil Nadu
• SEWA under Ela Bhatt- organized women workers such as home based
operators like weavers, potters and small producerslike cattle rearers, salt
workers, gum collectors, cook and vendors.
• Kerala kudumbashree provides training in banking and in skillsto set up
micro-enterprises.
• Arunachal Pradesh marketing board helped women farmer groups and
SHGs to supply local surplus produce to army units in Lower dibang valley
under Mission krishi veer.
SHGs
• Waiting rooms maintained by SHG at Kollam railway station
– Rs. 20 per hour.
• PM lauds initiative of women of the self-help group from Khadkivillage of
Burhanpur, MP to ensure tap connection to every house.
• Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat have better empowered SHG than Uttar
Pradesh and Bihar.
• Members of SHGs across TamilNadu to be trained as mental health
counsellors under ‘ManamInidhu’ initiative.
• Women Self Help Groups forming SakhiMandals in Gujarat to start
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business.
• JHarcraft project of Jharkhand-> SHG project provided employment to
women and improved social indicators
• Silver jubilee celebration of ‘Kudumbashree’ - and launch of ‘Unnathi’– an
umbrella programme to create opportunities for employment and self-
employment, among the youth belonging to SC and STcommunities.
• GoI consulted milk cooperatives before RCEP deal
• Role of Akshay patra in food distribution
• Dheeram, a self-defense classes initiative for women started by
Kudumbashree
• ASSOCHAM research on boosting agri-processing.
• Jharkhand Mukti Morcha- Enable tribals, SC/ST women to voicetheir
Role of
opinions.
Pressure
• Important Pressure Groups- FICCI, ASSOCHAM, CII, SIAM,AIKS
Groups
and Kisan Mazdoor Shakti Sangathan.
• Informal Pressure groups- Cow vigilantes and communal groups.
• Jacinda Ardern, a young PM of Newzealand gave birth during office; took
her daughter Neve to UNGA meeting.
• Abiy ahmed awarded nobel peace prize for ending civil war between
Ethiopia and Eritrea.
International
• PM honoured with the highest civilian award of Papua New Guinea.
Relations
• Ammal Farhat, first female taxi driver in Saudi Arabia
• Recent Iran protests over Hijab issue
• PM praises German Embassy's celebration of Naatu Naatu.
• Germany’s new feminist foreign policy
• iGOT Karmayogi Platform for training of civil servants
• Arunachal Pradesh demand for 6th schedule status
• 171 Hospitals de-listed from PM-JAY(Health insurance scheme)after
fraud
• Alleged phone tapping scandal in Karnataka
• Maharashtra: Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) Act
providing 12-13% quota to Maratha community
• 2000 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) to open PradhanMantri
Bhartiya Jan Aushadhi Kendras across the country.
• SCO Millets Food Festival in Mumbai's Taj Mahal Palace.
• PM GatiShakti NMP receives PM's Award for Excellence in Public
Miscellaneous Administration, 2022
• India’s first National Centre of Excellence in Green Port & Shipping
(NCoEGPS) in Gurugram, Haryana.
• Indian Railways completed 100% electrification of Odisha
• Udyam Assist Platform-> to bring Informal Micro Enterprises under the
formal ambit
• Sagar Manthan’, the Real-time Performance Monitoring Dashboard of
Ministry of Ports
• Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs organizes Youth Parliament
Competitions in various schools
• IAS Inayat khan adopted two kids of Pulwama Martyr.
• CVigil-> ECI launched app to report violation of MCC
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ECONOMY
• ZBNF- Andhra Pradesh found that ZBNF in paddy farming has led to a
saving of 1,400 to 3,500 cubic meters of water per acre per paddy
cropping period; AP put an ambitious plan to become India’s first state
to practice 100% natural farming by 2024.
• Crop colonies (Telangana)- Plan to divide cultivable land into crop
colonies so as to establish FPIs and provide unadulterated and quality
processed foods at competitive prices.
• Mission Kakatiya- restoring minor irrigation sources of water with
community participation.
• Maljangiri dist (Odisha)-> micro irrigation success
• Pani panchayat in Orissa
• AgLive 2023 – The Millet Challenge,-> by increasing interaction
amongst millet-based innovators/entrepreneurs, investors, and other
stakeholders, was held as part of the Global Shree Anna Conferencein
New Delhi.
• Efforts of farmers of Sirsa showcased benefits of PM MatasyaSampada
Yojana.
• R Pappammal, an organic farmer from Coimbatore. She is 105-
years-old and was awarded the Padma Shri this year for popularising
organic farming.
• Traditional irrigation techniques such as Tankas, Khadins, Vav, Ahar
and Pynes.
• "Trench farming to grow vegetables in Ladakh during extreme
Agriculture (+) winters"
• Agriculture technology management agency (ATMA) facilitated
commodity-based groups to partner with private agencies in production
and marketing of basmati rice.
• APEDA entrusted to promote Indian millets in international market
• PPP approach in Patna district brought replacement of traditionalrice
varieties with basmati rice.
• Group Farming in Gujarat leading to women empowerment
• Onions were exported from Egypt to curb Inflation
• Kisan Rail by Indian Railways
• ‘Kisan Satyagrah’ Campaign: Online farmers’ Satyagrah
demands better price for produce in Madhya Pradesh
• Nagaland's rich organic produce is a testament to the harmony
between nature and culture.
• GeM to organize District level Buyer-Seller workshops in UP.
• Organic rice production by SRI: Empowering women in Maharashtra
• Chervuvayal Raman-> promoted 55 indigenous high-yielding hybrid
ricevarieties.
• Coffee cultivation in Bastar (Chattisgarh)
Snake catchers from Vadivel Gopal and Masi Sadaiyan of Irula Tribe in
Tamil Nadu and 98-year-old self-sustained small organic farmer from
Sikkim Tula Ram Upreti have been given the Padma awards.
• Neer Padhivu app-> Revival of 198 water bodies including ponds,
lakes and canals.
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• Nutri Garden Project’ in Lakshadweep

• Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay yojana (Chattisgarh)-> to increase
agricultural acreage.
• Growing popularity of Lavender in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Millet Cafe at AIIMS Rishikesh.
• KrishiNivesh Portal -> Integrated, centralized one stop Portal for all
Agri- investors to avail benefits from various Government schemes.
• Sufla Bangla scheme, West Bengal-> Higher remuneration to farmers
• Kanda Chawls in Maharashtra-> Storage units for onions near farms
maintained by FPOs.
• Farmer field schools (Shetishala) in Maharashtra-> weekly schools
with focus on intro of crops, sowing and best practices.
• Matsya Mitra (Jharkhand)-> Cage culture and aquaculture popularized.
• Strawberry cultivation in Meghalaya
• Yantradoot villages-> model for agri mechanization for farmers in
MadhyaPradesh.
• Bhojpur's Millet Festival to increase the awareness among the people
• Feminisation of Agriculture in Gaur Village, Ghaziabad
• Attack by Pink Bollworm insect causing farmer" suicide in Punjab
• Lakhimpur Kheri violence over farmer killings ‘Rail Roko’ stir in
Punjab against farm laws
Agriculture (-) • Stacking paddy on roads in Odisha protesting against “faulty
procurement procedures”
• loss of lives due to an accident in cold storage in Chandausi, U P.
• ‘Chakka Jam’ in Rajasthan to protest against the contentious farmlaws
Farmer protest in Singhu border
• Maruti halted production at 2 Haryana Plants
Automobile sector • Harley-Davidson will discontinue its India operations and exit the
world's largest motorcycle market. It cited issue of weak demand
• Punjab and Maharashtra Co-operative (PMC) bank Scam
• Yes Bank Crisis
• Vijay Mallya and Nirav Modi – Fugitive Economic
Offenders (FEO)
Banking sector
• Insurance limit of DICGC Raised to 5 lac from 1 lac in recent budget
• Digital sakhis in Madhya Pradesh to create awareness of digital payment
options in rural and semi-urban communities.
• Financial literacy camps by AP Grameena Vikas bank
• First flight from Srinagar to Sharjah
• Opening of Kushinagar airport
• World's first 200m long Bamboo Crash Barrier installed on Vani-Warora
Highway,Vidarbh, Maharashtra.
• National Waterway-68 reduced distance between Panjim to Vasco
Infrastructure
in Goa by 9 Kms
• Completion of Ahmedabad-Mahesana (64.27km) Gauge
conversion Project
• “SWAYATT”, an initiative to promote Start-ups, Women and Youth
Advantage through e-Transactions on GeM.
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• NTPC commissions India’s first Air cooled condenser at North

Karanpura Super Critical plant in Jharkhand
• Completion of 51 km Yangte-Tali road in Kra Daadi district of
Arunachal Pradesh
• 'Bharat EMart'-> provides facility of pick-up of consignments from the
premises of traders and will ensure delivery at the doorsteps of the
consignees across the country.
• Automobile company Ford exiting India (FDI moving Out)
• Lack of diversity in export baskets mainly dominated by basmati and
Positives marine products (Negative of exports)
Negatives • Govt Cuts down corporate tax (Positive for FDI)
• New Income tax regime, Introduced by recent Budget(Positive for
wages)
• Rating agency Moody’s downgraded India’s foreign currency and
local currency long term issuer ratings to Baa3 from Baa2
• Depreciation of Rupee
• Chattisgarh- Barcoded ration cards issued at single point in the
state.
• Odisha- Gram panchayats managing PDS.
• Bihar- Food coupons for reducing black marketing.
• GPS based tracking of trucks
• Arun e-PDS: To improve delivery through process re-engineering and
use of ICTs.
Public
Distribution • Lek ladki scheme of Maharashtra government-> yellow and orange
System ration card holders given subsidy of Rs. 5000 after birth of a girl child.
• Dilli Annashree yojana- DBT mechanism to provide food security to
households in Delhi.
• e-Uparjan initiative, Madhya Pradesh- Speedy and transparent
transfer of Minimum support price (MSP) dues into accounts of farmers
directly.
• 11 year old Santoshi kumara died of starvation in Jharkhand due to lack
of ration for not linking Aadhar.
• Taxman of Tumakuru, T Bhoobalan, IAS officer of Karnataka.
Fiscal • GIS based property tax monitoring in Surat, Gujarat
Management and • Madamakki gram panchayat (Karnataka)- Gram Panchayat wanted
Taxation to establish a circle at junction of roads but there was no special grant
for this.
• SaralEindhanVitaran Application (SEVA) app for increasing
consumer connect and transparency and accountability in coal dispatch.
• Use of LHB coaches (high technology coached by German company).
• Technology like TRINETRA to reduce dependence on visual sight of
owner.
Miscellaneous
• IREDA issuing Green bonds to raise domestic and foreigncapital.
• Proposal to setup development bank to fund Infra projects
• Centre new norms for all e-commerce entities, including Amazon,
Flipkart and Snapdeal, have to ensure the mandatory declaration of
country of origin of imported products sold on their respective sites

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 MAINS CONTENT BOOSTER(MCB)
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• Chile Compra-> e-commerce public procurement system of Chile

• Amazon Air -> First e-commerce firm to have its own air cargo fleet in
India.
• Digital document execution-> platform for paperless execution and
storage of financial contracts.
• IIT-Delhi established electric charging station in campus to promote
electric vehicles
• Supreme Court judgment on the Essar Steel case has clearly laiddown the
roles of the committee of creditors (CoC) and the adjudicating authority,
and accepted that financial and operational creditors are distinct and
cannot be equated
• Price Deficiency payment- no procurement needed and thereby
preventing the accumulation of unwanted stocks.
• [Link], a one-stop-shop for India's rich handloom &
handicraft heritage.
• MAARG (mentorship, advisory, assistance, resilience and growth)
platform-> facilitate mentorship between startups and entrepreneurs
across sectors, stages and functions.
• ‘AIS for taxpayer’ app by IT department -> to facilitate taxpayersto view
their information as available in the Annual InformationStatement (AIS).
• Success of privatization of discoms in Brazil
• Maharashtra Goseva commission-> facilities for embryo fertilization to
protect indigenous breeds of cattle.
• Poshan app success-> complete beneficiary management for pregnant
women, lactating mothers and children.
• MSME Competitive (LEAN) scheme-> to reduce waste in
manufacturing
• PM MITRA mega textile parks will be a great example of Make in India
and Make For the World.
• India Post signed MoU with Shiprocket to boost
last-mile Ecommerce delivery services across the country.
• Google’s work culture -> Employees are encouraged to work when t and
how they like; fun activities (offices have video games and ping pong).
• Fit for life initiative for TATA employees
• India’s first migration monitoring system started in Mumbai.
• Migration card and Migration monitoring system in Gujarat
• KIDROP: Preventing vision loss in premature infants of undeserved
areas in Karnataka
• E-Uparjan: Re-inventing procurement system through digitization inMP
• Prajjwala challenge by MoRD -> invite ideas to transform rural
economy.
• Chanpatia model of bihar-> entrepreneurs provided loans and space
• Grameen Udyami scheme-> augment skill training in tribal communities
• Model cooperative village programme by NABARD in Gujarat-> to
create ‘Atmanirbhar Gaon’ through the vision of ‘Sahakaar se Samridhi’

*******
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ENVIRONMENT
• Pusa bio-decomposer- Developed byIARI; turns crop residue
manure in 15-20 days by accelerating decomposition process.
• IKEA uses rice straw as a raw material to make furniture – solves
stubble burning.
• Green crackers
• Turbo Happy Seeder (THS)- It can uproot stubble and also sow
seeds in area cleared; can then be used as mulch for the field.
Air Pollution
• WAYU (Wind Augmentation Purifying Unit)- addresses
pollution at
traffic intersections and dense traffic zones.
• Lockdown in Delhi due to air pollution
• India's first Smog Tower in Delhi
• Maruti Suzuki to use cow dung to tackle CO2 emissions from
vehicles.
• Jakhni village, Bundelkhand (Uttar Pradesh)- Construction of
farm ponds, raising of farm bunds and intensive plantation of trees.
• Rajendra Singh- Water Man of India- Use of Johad, rainwater
storage tanks and check dams.
• Maharashtra's 'Buldhana Pattern' of water conservation.
• Ground Water management by local authority in Pimpri village,
Maharashtra
• Avadi sewage treatment plant in Chennai.
• Israel – Desalinization of sea water, recycling of urban waste water
for use in agriculture; Government does accounting for everydrop of
water, ensuring good water governance.
• Ken betwa river Interlinking Project; Mahadayi Project
• Water ATM in Marathwada- Provide water at 25 paise/litre a day.
• Neeru Chettu Programme (Andhra Pradesh)
• Kapila Dhara Yojana (Madhya Pradesh)
Water scarcity and • Hiware Bazar – Community based governance and partnerships.
other Issues • Apna Talab Abhiyan (Uttar Pradesh)- Farmers are provided partial
funding from government for creation of small ponds.
• Ganga gram Yojana
• Ganga and Yamuna given the status of “legal and living entities”
having the status of legal person with all corresponding rights and
duties.
• Water Use Associations- controlled by users of water who pay forthe
services offered by the associations.
• Kuwait- 90% of all water used in the country is derived from
desalinization.
• Nature walk organised along the Palak Lake , Aizawl, Mizoram
• Ministry of Jal Shakti launched ‘Water Heroes: Share your stories”
contest to promote water conservation.
• PM hails tap water reaching the border village Hemya, Leh Ladakh
district of Jammu-Kashmir.
• Goa becomes first ‘Har Ghar Jal’ certified state

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• Dhara vikas: creating water scarcity through spring-shed development

in Sikkim.
• Two successful models of lake restoration in Rajasthan (Mansagar)
andKarnataka (Kaikondrahalli)
Negative Examples
• Microplastics in Ganga
• Microplastic pollution in Vembanad Lake, Kerala
• Immersion of Ganesh Idols in Sabarmati river and GoddessDurga
Idols in West bengal
• Despite of NGT Prohibhiting Chhath Pooja inside RabindraSarobar
Lake, many devotees performed Puja.
• Australia- Metered extraction and hefty fines to ensure
compliance
Ground water
• Chennai- Roof top harvesting is made compulsory forbuilding have
pollution
more than 3 storeys.
• Bhungroo-> Ground water injection well in Gujarat
• El Salvador recognises Forests as Living Entities
• 1200 new lakes formed in Alps range
• Massive bushfires across Australia
Global examples • USA Begins formal pullout from Paris deal
• Fire in Amazon Forests
• Denmark to store CO2 1800m beneath North Sea becoming first
countryin world to bury CO2 imported from abroad.
• Pokkali rice seedling - Salt resistance verity
• Naandi Foundations "Arakunomics" model - ensures profits for
farmers and quality for consumers through regenerative agriculture,
Food security
was based on work with tribal farmers in Araku for nearly 20 years
• Direct seeding of rice (DSR) technique to grow Paddy
• SATHI portal for seed traceability by Ministry of Agriculture
• Rhino poaching in Kaziranga National Park
• Coral Bleaching of Great Barrier Reef
• Etalin Hydropower Project in the biodiversity-rich Dibangvalley
of Arunachal Pradesh
• NBWL Nod for Coal mining in Assam’s DehingPatkai Elephant
Reserve (which was suspended later)
• Illegal diamond and stone mining is flourishing under the noseof
Negative Steps the Forest Department and Panna Tiger Reserve
• Coal mine to be operated by Adani Enterprises with a coal-fired
power plant in Odisha’s Talabira forests
• New Highway project across Pakke tiger reserve
• Illegal coal mining in Meghalaya and Goa
• Untreated solid waste mountains in Deonar(Mumbai) and
Ghazipur(Delhi)
• Zoo safari project in Aravalli (negative example)

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 MAINS CONTENT BOOSTER(MCB)
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• PM praises use of sustainable material (plastic waste and fly ash)

in 40.2 km stretch on NH-334B (stretch commencesfrom Baghpat to
Rohna, Haryana).
• Rakhis tied to trees in Aravalis (gurugram region) on Raksha
bandhan
• NGT ordered the public sector Oil India Limited (OIL) to deposit Rs
25 crores for environmental damages due to the fireat Baghjan Oil
field
• Maradu Flats demolition
• A town in Sikkim, is introducing bottles made of bamboo totourists
• Manjapai vending machine: Tamil Nadu-> To make cloth bags easily
available to the masses.
• Swachh ATM by Ministry of Urban affairs-> people deposit garbage
and take cash in return
• Puneet sagar campaign by NCC cadets-> cleaning of beaches and
removing plastic.
• Drive to rid Vembanad lake of plastics: State pollution control board
offers to collect 100 plastic bottles and win a relaxing houseboat
cruise on the backwaters of Alappuzha.
• “Unplastic India” campaign launched by Times of India
• Innovation of Badaut Gram Panchayat (Waste to Wealth)
• Sivaipally village Telangana - a role model for all in cleanliness,
promotion of water harvesting and improvement of groundwater table
• United Kingdom- First major economy to legislate a law to make
Positive Steps
itself carbon neutral by 2050.
• LOHAFEX- Indo German Ocean-Iron fertilization project.
• Building Fake trees- Contain compounds which can react with CO2
to absorb it and store it in solid form.
• PM praises solo effort at lake cleaning up Vembanad Lake -
S. Rajappan, a differently abled man from Kaippuzhamuttu, near
Kumarakom, Kottayam.
• CPCB organized an online ‘Waste to Wealth Ideation Hackathon’
for undergraduates.
• SAGAR SAMRIDDHI’ - the online dredging monitoring system for
‘Waste to Wealth’.
• Tripura Government to go completely paperless.
• Students take pledge to ban use of single use plastics and act as
"Green warriors" under Mission LiFE
• Scuba Divers organise underwater clean-up in coral reefs and
seagrass meadows to clear the plastic debris in the coral reefs in
Tamil Nadu as part of LiFE movement.
• Meri LiFE, Mera Swachh Seher Campaign -> Thousands ofReduce
Reuse Recycle (#RRR) Centres set up for the LiFE campaign.
• Honey Lab at Banas Complex-Badarpura
• In a first in Bihar, district administration of Sahasra has become
paperless at all levels.
• Kannur, a city in Kerala became first plastic free district
• Odisha’s first eco-village comes up at Nayagarh’s Muduligadia
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(Current Affairs Examples)

• My School My Farm initiative in Mizoram Lawngtlai district to

address lack of fresh food supply.
• Piplantri village, Rajasthan-> plant 111 trees every time a girl born;
fixed deposit for girls.
• Dharnai village, Bihar-> first fully solar powered village
• Mawlynnong Meghalaya-> plastic banned, regular volunteer
sweepers-> cleanest village in India and Asia.
• Indian Railways to become Net Zero Carbon Emitter by 2030
• Indian Railways initiatives -> use of energy efficient technologies like
completely switching over to production of three phase electric
locomotives with regenerative features, use of head on generation
(HOG) technology, use of LED lights in buildings and coaches, star
rated appliances and afforestation.
• NHAI Uses Steel Slag in Highway Construction on Trial Basis
• Nuclear power is saving 41 million tonnes of CO2 emissions
annually.
• Chattisgarh’s Godhan Nyay Yojana-> dung and urine procured by
government
• Alipurduar district, West Bengal-> Jaladharini dooars initiative to
rejuvenate water bodies
• Bhopal municipal corporation to launch green bonds
• Bandicoot, robot does manhole cleaning developed byGenrobotics
• Coal India limited transformed 30 Barren lands into eco- tourism
destinations in Odisha’s sambalpur district
• In Karnataka, 7 floating jetty projects situated on Gurupura River and
Netravati River have been sanctioned by Ministry ofPorts.
• Birhanmumbai Municipal corporation proposed desalination plant at
Manori, Mumbai
• Wangari Mathai’s Green belt movement
• Artificial glaciers in ladakh
• Kalinje ecotourism in Maharashtra-> Tourists from Mumbai taken by
locals on mangrove trail and bird watching
• Ganga Pushkarala Yatra in Bharat Gaurav Tourist Trains will boost
spiritual tourism.
• Nation’s first Water Metro in Kochi
• Kerala’s Responsible tourism (RT) mission-> making tourism a tool
for development of village and local communities.
• Operation Parivartan to crack down on illegal hooch distilleries in
Solapur, Maharashtra
• IISC Bangalore researchers used discarded solar panels as a
construction material.
• Ministry of Civil aviation organized knowledge sharing sessions to
standardize Carbon Accounting and Reporting framework of Indian
• Airports as well as to create awareness on Climate Change
mitigation.

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(Current Affairs Examples)

• Elephant Corridors in Delhi-Dehradun highway

• Vulture restaurant in Pong Dam Lake Himachal Pradesh
• Use of satellite phones for officials in Kaziranga National Park
• Tyre park in Kolkata to turn waste into art
• Use of giant 'vacuum cleaner' by Belgium to remove plastic from
nature reserve
• Tamil Nadu setting up Dugong conservation reserve in Palk Strait
• Directions for mandatory use of plastics in highway construction
by Kerala State Pollution Control Board
• Cummin’s India’s initiative of ‘Creating Oxygen Hub’- planted
around 35,000 trees with help of NGOs.
• Jadav “Molai” Payeng is an environmental activist and forestry
worker from Majuli Island popularly known as the Forest Man of
India.
• World Sparrow Day celebrated at National Zoological Park-> unite
people and take action to protect and conserve sparrows
(Conservation efforts)
Conservation • Pashmina Certification Centre set up in Wildlife Institute of India
Efforts (WII) Dehradun -> certification for purity of Pashmina products.
• Sundarbans Mangroves protects Bengal from effects of cyclones in
Bay of Bengal.
• NHAI Enables FASTag Based Payments at forest entry points in
Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam tiger reserve.
• Tree plantation initiative at Tuticorin port
• Agro-forestry in Baligao green village of Assam
• 5000 hectares of mangrove across Surat conserved through PPP
initiatives.
• Vertical gardens by Income tax department-> creation of green spaces
in urban areas.
• Mission Sahbhagita to enable a society ownership approach for
participatory conservation and wise use of Wetlands.
• Establishment of seed bank at Asola Bhatti wildlife sanctuaryto store
seeds of species of plants native to Aravallis.
• International day of zero waste by UNEP and UN-Habitat
• Swaraj Sangathans: Tribal protest in Rajasthan to protect soil
biodiversity
• Tribal protest in Hasdeo forest against coal mine plants
• Tribal protest in Uttarakhand against Dehradun airport expanding
project
• Vishnu Society of Rajasthan has sacrifice their lives to save the local
Keladi tree.
Conservation • Nylon fencing on Sunderban Islands prevents tigers from
Efforts swimming across to inhabited islands.
• PLAN BEE – Unique strategy adopted by Northeast Frontier railway
to keep wild elephants away from railway tracks through use of
buzzers imitating bees.
• Operation Kachhapa- Uniting all stakeholders in turtle
conservation.
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(Current Affairs Examples)

• Great Green wall- Initiative by GEF – Focused efforts to fightagainst

land degradation and revive native plant life to thelandscape.
• My village-my forest project (Fazilka district, Punjab)-> mini-
forests are developed in 75 local villages using Miyawaki technique.
• Vidarbha (Maharashtra)-> Cultivation of fish with paddy; fields
and farm ponds used for fish cultivation.
• Green Tamil Nadu mission-> action plan to remove invasive species
from Nilgiris.
• Gross environment product in Uttarakhand
Positives
• Living with Leopards initiative by NGO's in Tehri, Uttarakhand
• Air gun surrender campaign in Arunachal Pradesh-> voluntary
surrender of guns by people so that indiscriminate hunting of birds
can be stopped
Negatives
• Electrocution of Elephants in Palakkad district of Kerala
• Recent case in Kerala, where a pregnant female elephant was fed
with Bomb filled fruit
Animal Human
• Animals, including cattle, elephants, lions and leopards, have been
Conflict
killed on railway tracks
• Electric fences leading to deaths of Elephant
• A leopard hiding in Dehradun's Shrinagar Medical College building
for two days was shot dead after it attacked a group of forest
department personnel struggling to capture it
• Immune-contraception has been introduced in order tocontrol the
population of nilgai, monkeys and wild boars
• The compensation for human deaths has been increased
• from Rs 2.5 lakh to Rs 5 lakh in case of Animal human conflict
• Bowenpally Sabzi Mandi (Hyderabad) generating electricity from
vegetables [Waste to Energy Example]
• Largest solar power plant of the world in Bandla, Rajasthan
• Drone strikes on Saudi Arbia's Oil facility at Aramco leadto jump
in crude prices
• Biofuel Planes
• Adani group announced to deploy hydrogen fuel operated cell trucks
Energy Security
for transportation and logistics.
or
RenewableEnergy • Amroha district, UP-> 100% dependence on solar power for all of its
needs
• PM declared Modhera in Gujarat as India’s first 24*7 solar-powered
village.
• Diu becomes first district in India to use 100% clean energy for all
day time needs.
• Surya gram-> a village where solar energy is primary source of
electricity

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(Current Affairs Examples)

• Bidadi waste-to-energy plant (Karnataka)- Process 600 tonnes per

day of inorganic waste; inorganic waste which consists of badquality
plastics and used cloth pieces can be processed as Refuse Derived
Fuel (RDF).
• Floral offerings at temples which were earlier dumped as garbageis
now a major source of rehabilitation of widows in Vrindhavan.
• Andaman and Nicobar islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar
Haveli achievied ODF+ model category.
• Cooch behar district in Kolkata -> best solid waste management
practices
Waste
• Digantara: mapping waste in space
Management
• Kabad se Jugaad campaign in Meerut-> waste like scrap, plastic used
to beautify city.
• E-waste eco park in Delhi.
• Interceptor sewage system, Delhi-> To divert untreated sewage
reaching Yamuna river to treatment plants.
• Waste to Wealth: Dr Deepak Krishnamurthy-> every academic year
end his son diligently takes out empty sheets of paper from his
notebooks and the he gets them bound and uses it for rough work and
practice.
Indian coast guard’s operation Olivia for biodiversity
• Amur Falcon, Pangti village (Nagaland)- Local nagas once usedto
hunt these birds for sale and meat on massive scale. Due to NGOs and
conservation activist efforts, local turned from predators to protectors-
>Pangti village became the “Falcon capitalof the world”.
• First carbon-neutral village, Wayanad, Kerala.
• E-Waste clinic, Madhya Pradesh
• Forest produce tracking system, Karnataka
• India canteens, Karnataka- selling cup of tea for four plastic bottles.
• MISTHI scheme-> facilitate mangrove plantations along India’s
Sustainable coasts
development • WEF launched “Giving to Amplify Earth action” to unlock $3 trillion
of financing needed every year to reach net zero and restore
biodiversity by 2050.
• Swachh Sujal Shakti samman by Ministry of Jal Shakti -> facilitate
women for their work in SBM-G, Jal Jeevan mission
• NHAI’s First ‘Sustainability Report’ captures initiatives taken for
Environment Sustainability.
• Zerocircle, a startup turns sea-weed into low-cost, eco-friendly
plasticalternatives for packaging.
• Korea- SSR Campaign- Save, Share, Swap and Reuse

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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• Bois Locker Room(was an Instagram scandal, allegedly involving a chat
room of teenage boys)
• Recent incident where pictures of college students were posted on porn
Social Media sites after being lifted from photo and video sharing platform Instagram
• Armstrong pame through social media collected fund to construct roads
in Manipur.
• Railways deploys ‘Ninjas’ Drones for surveillance
• Maharashtra has become the first State in the country to get the goahead
Drones to use drones for aerial surveillance and inspection of extra high voltage
(EHV) power transmission lines
• Survey of India to deploy 300 drones for mapping country
• AI-chess playing robot fractured a 7 year old boys finger when he
attempted a quick move.
• Uber, ride hailing giant, faced a major scandal when one of their
autonomous vehicles struck and killed a pedestrian in Arizona.
Artificial
• Rembrandt painting was recreated by 3D printer in 2016, 351 years
Intelligence
after death of painter by analyzing his 346 paintings.
• BESCOM, Karnataka-> AI to answer complaints
• The Supreme court portal for assistance in courts efficiency (Supace)->
AI-powered tool to compile facts relevant to particular case.
• Mannequins with cameras to scan bengalurutraffic
• Over the top platforms like NetFlix and Amazon prime competing
Cinema
• Chandrayaan -2 Vikram Failure and Chandrayaan-3 Announcement
• Train 18 Project
• PM expresses delight as Meghalaya gets electric trains for the first time-
completed the electrification of important sections betweenAbhayapuri –
Pancharatna; Dudhnai – Mendipathar.
• PM lauds electrification of 100% broad gauge rail routes of Uttarakhand.
• World Class Railway Station of Jhansi attracting tourists and commerce.
• Satellites to detect drug cultivation in Odisha.
• Nasha mukt bharat abhiyaan: >10 crore people sensitized on substance use.
Miscelaneous • Daksha is one of India’s current military robots.
• WHO ‘Access, Watch and Reserve’ strategy to deal with AMR.
• CSIR Achievements- Solar tree, Indigenous lithium battery,
rejuvenated Digboi refinery.
• STI Development banks- Fund for investing in direct long term
investments in select strategic areas.
• E-Gram Panchayat- Improve quality of governance.
• Meghraj GI Cloud- Optimum utilization of infrastructure and speed up
development and deployment of eGov applications through National cloud
initiative.
• The AI Supercomputer ‘AIRAWAT’, installed at C-DAC, Pune has been
ranked 75th in the world.
• IISER Kolkata discovered new artificial light-harvesting system using
organic nanotubes useful for solar cells, photocatalysis, optical sensors &
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tunable multi-color light emitting materials.

• Use of 3D printing technology in construction of post office in
Bengaluru.
• Solar powered piped drinking water supply systems funded by India
Exim Bank in Uganda.
• Solar powered refrigeration units to store vaccines by UNICEF and
Japanese government in Vardara village, Rajasthan.
• Odhisha’s MO Bus service-> employs real-time technologies like
livetracking, travel planner and e-ticketing.
• Effort to promote Astro Night Sky Tourism by Goa Science Centre
& Planetarium
• UIDAI makes online document update in Aadhaar free of cost; to benefit
millions of residents
• DigiYatra -> decentralised mobile-based ID storage platform where air
travellers can save their IDs and travel documents.
• Agnikul and Skyroots developing launch vehicles for small payloads
• Fully indigenised fuze YDB-60 for underwater Rocket RGB 60
manufactured for the first time by a private Indian industry.
• Banana plant waste used to make biodegradable sanitary pads

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 MAINS CONTENT BOOSTER(MCB)
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SECURITY
• Estonia became standstill in 2007 due to cyber attacks
• Stuxnet’s alleged involvement in destabilizing Iran’s nuclear
programme.
• Event Bot Trojan horse- Information stealer that abuses Androids-in-
built accessibility features.
• WannaCry ransomware attack (2017)
• Honey trapping- Air Force reported 1 case of honey trapping in2015.
• Malware ‘DTrack’ breached a system at Kudankulam power plant.
• Hacking of emails and twitter accounts by ‘Legion’
• Petya ransomware attack (2017)- Impacted container handling
functions at terminal operated by Danish firm at JNPT.
• Cyber espionage → Titan rain, Moonlight maze, OperationShady
rat, Red October NSA surveillance program as revealedby Edward
Snowden in USA.
• Cyber heist (2016) of $950mn from Bangladesh-> Bankers handling
over SWIFT codes to hackers.
• USA, Australia and New Zealand have antispam legislations.
• M-Kavach 2 by C-DAC → comprehensive mobile device security
solution addressing emerging threats to Android based mobile devices.
Cyber
• App Samvid: An application whitelisting software.
Security
• USB Pratirodh – Free bot removal tool
• Cyber swachta kendras: Botnet cleaning & Malware analysiscentre.
• Telangana -1st state with policy on cyber security; established
cybersecurity centre of excellence (CCoE)
• Cyberdome project in Kerala
• Cyber Safe women in Maharasthra
• 2007 Estonia-> Public metros hacked allegedly by Russia
• Lone wolf attack in France traced to social media
• Tallinn manual- academic, non-binding study on how internationallaw
applies to cyber conflicts and cyber warfare.
• WhatsApp identified Pegasus,a spywaredeveloped by an Israeli
company NSO installing malicious code into users phone.
• Denial of Service- Mirai botnet and UDP flooding
• Rootkit- NTRootkit
• Distributed denial of service attack- Git Hub attack and cloud fare
attack.
• Phishing- Lazarus group targeted nearly 5 million individuals and
businesses in 6 countries including in India.
• Mumbai power system hack

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 MAINS CONTENT BOOSTER(MCB)
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•Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA)- anti-

naxalite/counter-insurgency force.
• ITBP role in Man Sarovar yatra
• Indian Navy deployment of warships for relief operations when
Mozambique hit by Cyclone Idai.
Security forces
• Operation Vijay (annexation of Portuguese India)
• Operation Meghdoot (Siachen)
• Operation Poomalai- Dropping supplies over besieged town ofJaffna
in Sri Lanka
• Operation Cactus (to prevent the 1988 Maldives coupe)
• Tablighi Jamaat issue
• Rumors about Africans on social media affecting their safety and
Fake News
security
• Misinformation about polio vaccination
• Priyadarshini Matoo case (2006)- Law student was raped and
Media Trials judgement was suspected to have been influenced by media trial.
• Jessica Lal case (2010)
• External state actors- ISI in India, KGB against USA during coldwar
Role of
and CIA in Cuba.
Externalstate
• Non state actors- ISI in Pakistan accused of using NSAs like LeTand
and Non state
JMB to fuel terrorism in India.
actors
• 26/11 attacks
• Isolation of villages in Malkangiri in Odisha because offormation
of dam in 1977→ Hotbed for Maoism.
• SAMADHAN – security doctrine to counter naxalism
Development • Specialized forces like Greyhounds in Andhra Pradesh
andExtremism • Joint command and control centre at Maoist hotspots such as
Jagdalpur and Gaya.
• Operation Steeplechase (1971) →Joint Army-CRPF policeoperation
which lead to crackdown of many Naxalites.
• North East- Extortion, kidnapping and gunrunning
• J&K – Counterfeit currencies
• Bombay terrorist attacks (1993)- Arms and ammunitionssmuggled
into India by sea route.
• Hizbul Mujahideen- Fake currency cartels based in Pakistan.
• ISIS and Boko Haram activities
• Financing of Taliban through opium production in Afghanistanand
Organized Crime
trafficking in cocaine.
and Terrorism
• Maharashtra passed Maharashtra control of organized crime act.
• Dawood Gang- Transnational crimes mainly narcotic drugs and
contract killing.
• Arun Gawli Gang- collection of protection money from rich
businessman and contract killings.
• Indian airlines flight to Kandahar was hijacked where passengers
were held hostage – freed in return for release of Pakistani militants.
• Bamboo chicken- Its popularity in Andhra Pradesh’s East Godavari
Insurgency
agency (Maredumilli) has attracted foodies from far and wide→
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mainstreaming area and reducing its remoteness- thereby making it less

attractive for Maoists.
• Sri Lanka programme- 6+1 tenets designed→education, vocation,
psychological and creative therapies, society, culture and family,
spirituality and religion etc.
• Bastariya battalion -> local representation to combat capabilities in
naxal hit area
• Ethno nationalist terrorism- Tamil nationalist groups in Sri Lanka
• Narco terrorism- Al Qaeda and Hizballah in Lebanon
Terrorism • State terrorism- Nazi holocaust, Rohingyas in Myanmar, recent killing
of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi in Saudi consulate in Istanbul
allegedly by Saudi government agents
• Facebook Data leak (personal data of over 500 million Facebookusers
was posted in a low-level hacking forum)
• Government blocked 59 widely used apps, most linked to Chinese
Data Security
companies like TikTok, UC Browser, SHAREit etc
• Government blocked PubG Game
• RBI Data localisation Norms
• 2020 Kerala gold smuggling case
Money • INX Media case
Laudering • Aircel-Maxis case
• Daiichi-Ranbaxy case
• JNU Attacks
• Shaheenbagh protests
• 2019 Jamia Millia Islamia attack
Protests • Delhi, Meghalaya etc protests over CAA
• Honda Manesar plant employees protest against sacking of
contractual workers
• 2 Month strike by Telangana state Road Corporation – Labour strike
• Killing of Security Personnels in Sukma and Bastar (Negative
Example)
• Pota Cabin- residential schools for children in LWE effected areas of
Chattisgarh
• School on wheels - LCD mounted van in LWE affected areas
Maoism
• SwabhimanAnchal Initiative of Odisha
• Odisha government has planned to connect inaccessible villages in
Odisha's Swabhiman Anchal, a stronghold of CPI(Maoist), in
Malkangiri district by setting up mobile towers for the first time
• Chhattisgarh Special Public Security Act, 2005 to contain Maoism
• Comprehensive Integrated Border Management system (CIBMS)-
robust and integrated system capable of addressing present gaps by
seamlessly integrating human resources, weapons high-tech
surveillance equipment.
Management in
• BOLD-QIT (Border electronically dominated quick interception)
Border areas
initiative- Equip Indo-Bangladesh borders with different kinds of
sensors in unfenced riverine areas of Brahmaputraand its tributaries
• Long range reconnaissance observation systems

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• Operation Sadhbhavana(2004)- Electrification of remote villages.

• Israeli firm unveils armed robot to patrol borders- An Israeli defence
contractor unveiled a remote-controlled armed robot it says can patrol
battle zones, track infiltrators and open fire.
• Umeed, Delhi police
Community • Bengaluru- People as Suraksha Mitras
Policing • Friends of Police movement, Ramnad district, Tamil Nadu
• Meira Paibi in Manipur
• Revolving Door arrests in Kashmir: youth picked up and releasedunder
a continuous process
• Gupkar declaration- joint statement issued by main stream regional
parties of J&K to defend Article 370
• Under "Back to village" program of J&K, entire administrative
Kashmir Related apparatus of state government is going to visit all the 4483 Panchayat
Halqas to get the grassroots level feedback from general public
• Kashmiri students attacked at university in Rajasthan
• Detention of former CMs under Public safety act in J&K
• Curb on Internet Use post abrogation of Article 370
• Hybrid model of smart fence along LoC
• Smuggling of explosives through Raigad coast in Maharashtra
Coastal security and their use in 1993 serial blasts in Mumbai.
• Infiltration of 10 Pakistani terrorists → attacks in Mumbai (2008)
• Armed gangs and Groups like NSCN-Khaplang undermining
sovereignty of legitimate Government
North East • Agreement of Govt and Bodo Groups to maintain peace in Assam
instability • Bru Refugee Issue
• “Operation Sunrise 2” between India and Myanmar : coordinated
operation by armies of India and Myanmar along the border
• Maharashtra de-radicalization program led by Anti-terrorism
squad; cases led by friend officers.
• Operation Pigeon in Kerala
De-radicalization
• Winning Hearts and Minds (WHAM), Union Government-reduce
alienation of Kashmiris
• Mission Pehalby Indian army and Elixir foundation
• Country's 1st 'Darknet' narcotics operative Dipusingh arrested
• Lone wolf Attacks
• Malegaon blasts, 2006 and Mumbai attacks, 2008
• Khalistan Demand
• Tis Hazari clash: Delhi Police vs lawyers
• Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime (GCTOC)
• Israel's Iron Dome technology against Ghaza
Miscellaneous • Robots to patrol borders in Israel
• Killing of jounalist Shujaat Bukhar in Srinagar
• Drone attacks by Houthis on Saudi Arabia's oil plants
• Young people of kerala joining terrorist organizations
• ISIS, LeT developed their own secure communication applications for
smartphones.
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• IFLOWS-Mumbai: State of the art integrated flood warning system
Floods
for Mumbai.
• Flash flood in Ladakh (2010)- Army’s immediate search, rescue and
Flash floods
relief operations mitigated impacts.
• India Tsunami Early Warning Centre: Real time observation
network of seismic stations.
• INCOIS extended GIS based 3D protocol on Tsunami warning to all
Tsunami vulnerable areas.
• Local knowledge centres developed by MS Swaminathan
Foundation in Pondicherry.
• Sentinels displaced in Tsunami
• Bhuj earthquake (2001) – 8.1 on Richter scale.
• India Quake developed by National centre for seismology; mobile
app disseminates real-time EQ information.
• Sagar vani- Mobile app sendalerts to user community in a timely
manner.
Earthquake • Quake proof technology- jacket method in bridges, seismic isolationat
homes.
• Dhajji-Dewari system of building houses in Kashmir.
• Turkish ambassador called India as “a friend in need is a friend indeed”
forits relief assistance during earthquake
• Odisha is the national disaster capital of India as it prone to small
to big cyclones every year.
• Cyclone Fani→Accurate prediction by IMD early warning system
saved many lives.
Cyclones • Japan- Coastal forest as effective barrier.
• GPS buoy system for monitoring the tide levels.
• Cyclone Freddy as one of the longest-lasting tropical cyclones on
record
• 1 lakh people evacuated safely in before the cyclone Biparjoy
• Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) adopted a heat action
Heat waves
plan→ Building heat shelters, ensuring availability of water etc.
• Bandhavgarh forest fires in Madhya Pradesh
• Near real time forest fire alerts- MODIS and SNPP-VIIRS.
• Fire safety audit
Forest Fires • Mundka fire tragedy: Fire at three-storey building in Delhi. The
building did not have necessary clearances or safety equipment.
• Canada wildfire (2023) caused haze and smog around New York and
citiesalong US East coast

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• Bhopal Gas tragedy (1984)- release of methyl isocyanate; killed at

least 2,000 people.
• Pune chemical unit fire - flagrant violation of safety norms, labour
laws
Chemical and
• Vishakapatnam Gas leak (2020)- release of styrene gas from LG
Industrial
polymers.
disasters
• Fukushima nuclear leak
• Explosion in Pune chemical factory
• Baghjan gas leak in Assam
• Beirut (Lebanon) Chemical Fertilizer Blast case
• Bioremediation mechanism developed by National Institute of Ocean
Oil Spills technology – Uses hydrocarbon degrading bacteria extracted from the
ocean sediment.
• Landslides in Kerala Iddukki caused massive damage of lives.
Landslides • IIT Mandi + NDMA→ Training program on landslide mitigation.
• Retaining walls
• Mumbai Municipal corporation act (1888)- Every building >30 years
must be inspected by qualified structural engineer every 10 years.
Building • NITI Aayog- Continuous quality certifications and audits with
collapse association of Durocrete construction quality rating agency.
• BHEL S-Band Doppler radars
Cloudburst
• Ushahidi- open source platform for crisis mapping.
Nuclear • Chernobyl disaster (1986)
disasters • Mayapuri radiological accident (2010)
Glacial Lake • Glacial burst on Nanda Devi washed away Rishiganga hydroelectric
Outburst Flood power project.
• Madhya Pradesh Bhagirath Krishakabhiyan
Droughts
• Andhra Pradesh online water dashboard
• Putola Naach in Assam - Promoted by Locals during CoVID
• Bangla Sahib Gurdwara providing free food and medical services
during CoVID
• NGO's organizing Oxygen Langar during CoVID
• In Maharashtra, It Took 2 month to get Power back in Raigad Village
after Cyclone Nisarga
• Kerala village (Eraviperoor Grama Panchayat) deploys robot nurses
for patient care during COVID 19
• India had warning about the COVID-19 epidemic in China spreading
COVID-19 to neighbouring countries well ahead of virus importations; yet, the
nation faltered
• The first Nipah outbreak in 2018 helped Kerala to strengthen its public
health system
• Shramik trains to ferry stranded migrant workers to their native states
amid the Covid-19
• Facing a surge in demand for face masks amid the outbreak of COVID-
19, women self-help groups (SHGs) in Kota have supplied more than
51,000 masks to frontline workers and public
• Plasma donors in Assam may get preference in jobs and government
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 MAINS CONTENT BOOSTER(MCB)
(Current Affairs Examples)

schemes as a gesture for helping fight the COVID-19 pandemic

• Bhilwara COVID-19 containment “model” refers to the steps taken by
the administration in Rajasthan’s Bhilwara district to contain the
disease, after it emerged as a hotspot for coronavirus positive cases
• ‘Special Corona Fee’ on liquor in Delhi
• Kasturba Hospital nurses begin protest over salary
• Doctors and Hospitals greeted with flowers showered from the
helicopter for their selfless service in COVID Outbreak
• Disaster preparedness month in Delhi.
• Chetna initiative in Bihar: Community involvement in preparedness
and mitigation.
Awareness • Agriculture fair with demonstration of earth quake construction
generation structures organized every year in Satara district of Maharashtra.
• Folk troupes (Uttar Pradesh)- Nukkad Nataks, puppet shows and
magic shows.
Capacity • Tamilnadu regional early warning systems, risks and vulnerability
Building assessments.
• Integration of DM in training programme of Sarva Shiksha
Institutionalizati Abhiyan in Jajpurdist (Odisha)
onof Disaster • Sikkim- A dedicated disaster management unit under the State
Management government.
• Delhi disaster management authority (DDMA)
• Citizen leaders ensure sustainability, Sitapur dist (U.P) - They help
in increasing local resilience and addressing root causes of
vulnerability.
Community • National youth schemes – NSS
participation • Lahotighat block, Morigaon district, Assam- Focus group
discussions held in evening hours after labor work over; building flat
bank cum community fishery.
• Puri dist (Odisha) - young women as master trainers to imparttraining
on first aid techniques.
Gender
• SHGs linking DM to development - Latur district, Maharashtra.
Mainstreaming
• ASHA workers as role models in Assam- They became members of
Disaster management teams.
• Gujarat social forum- NGOs and CBOs working on multi sectoral
Convergence issues.
andPartnerships • Urban Earthquake vulnerability reduction project, Vijayawada -
Municipal corporation+ Tata Group
Cultural • Disaster management at Pedkai Mata Temple, Dhule.
• Morbi bridge collapse in Gujarat; within few months Bihar bridge
Bridge collapse
collapsed (politician-private- builder nexus).
• Fire in Ghazipur landfill site
Miscellaneous • Damini app by IMD-> Warnings about lightning strikes three hours
inadvance.

*******
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