Wolfram Mathematica

Wolfram Mathematica is a software system with built-in libraries

for several areas of technical computing that allow machine
Wolfram Mathematica
learning, statistics, symbolic computation, data manipulation,
network analysis, time series analysis, NLP, optimization, plotting
functions and various types of data, implementation of algorithms,
creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in
other programming languages. It was conceived by Stephen
Wolfram, and is developed by Wolfram Research of Champaign,
Illinois.[8][9] The Wolfram Language is the programming language
used in Mathematica.[10] Mathematica 1.0 was released on June Developer(s) Wolfram Research
23, 1988 in Champaign, Illinois and Santa Clara, Initial release June 23, 1988[1]
California.[11][12][13] Stable release 13.3 (June 28,
2023) [±] ([Link]
Notebook interface [Link]/w/i
[Link]?title=Te
Mathematica is split into two parts: the kernel and the front end. mplate:Latest_stab
The kernel interprets expressions (Wolfram Language code) and le_software_releas
returns result expressions, which can then be displayed by the front e/Wolfram_Mathe
end. matica&action=edi
t)[2]
The original front end, designed by Theodore Gray[14] in 1988,
consists of a notebook interface and allows the creation and editing Written in Wolfram
of notebook documents that can contain code, plaintext, images, Language,[3]
and graphics.[15] C/C++, Java[4]
Platform Windows,[5]
Alternatives to the Mathematica front end include Wolfram
Workbench—an Eclipse-based integrated development macOS, Linux
environment (IDE) that was introduced in 2006. It provides (includes
project-based code development tools for Mathematica, including separated support
revision management, debugging, profiling, and testing.[16] for Raspbian on
Raspberry Pi[6]),
There is also a plugin for IntelliJ IDEA-based IDEs to work with online service. All
Wolfram Language code that in addition to syntax highlighting can platforms support
analyze and auto-complete local variables and defined
64-bit
functions.[17] The Mathematica Kernel also includes a command
implementations.[7]
line front end.[18]
(list) ([Link]
Other interfaces include JMath,[19] based on GNU Readline and [Link]/mathe
WolframScript[20] which runs self-contained Mathematica matica/system-req
programs (with arguments) from the UNIX command line. [Link])
Available in English, Chinese,
The file extension for Mathematica files is .nb and .m for
Japanese
configuration files.
Type Computer algebra,
numerical
computations,
Mathematica is designed to be fully stable and backwards information
compatible with previous versions. visualization,
statistics, user
High-performance computing interface creation
License Proprietary
Capabilities for high-performance computing were extended with
Website [Link]
the introduction of packed arrays in version 4 (1999)[21] and
/mathematica/ (htt
sparse matrices (version 5, 2003),[22] and by adopting the GNU
ps://[Link].c
Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library to evaluate high-precision
om/mathematica/)
arithmetic.

Version 5.2 (2005) added automatic multi-threading when computations are performed on multi-core
computers.[23] This release included CPU-specific optimized libraries.[24] In addition Mathematica is
supported by third party specialist acceleration hardware such as ClearSpeed.[25]

In 2002, gridMathematica was introduced to allow user level parallel programming on heterogeneous
clusters and multiprocessor systems[26] and in 2008 parallel computing technology was included in all
Mathematica licenses including support for grid technology such as Windows HPC Server 2008, Microsoft
Compute Cluster Server and Sun Grid.

Support for CUDA and OpenCL GPU hardware was added in 2010.[27]

Extensions
As of Version 13, there are 6,051 built-in functions and symbols in the Wolfram Language.[28] Stephen
Wolfram announced the launch of the Wolfram Function Repository in June 2019 as a way for the public
Wolfram community to contribute functionality to the Wolfram Language.[29] At the time of Stephen
Wolfram's release announcement for Mathematica 13, there were 2,259 functions contributed as Resource
Functions.[30] In addition to the Wolfram Function Repository, there is a Wolfram Data Repository with
computable data and the Wolfram Neural Net Repository for machine learning.[31]

Wolfram Mathematica is the basis of the Combinatorica package, which adds discrete mathematics
functionality in combinatorics and graph theory to the program.[32]

Connections to other applications, programming languages, and

services
Communication with other applications can be done using a protocol called Wolfram Symbolic Transfer
Protocol (WSTP). It allows communication between the Wolfram Mathematica kernel and the front end
and provides a general interface between the kernel and other applications.[33]

Wolfram Research freely distributes a developer kit for linking applications written in the programming
language C to the Mathematica kernel through WSTP using J/Link.,[34] a Java program that can ask
Mathematica to perform computations. Similar functionality is achieved with .NET /Link,[35] but with
.NET programs instead of Java programs.

Other languages that connect to Mathematica include Haskell,[36] AppleScript,[37] Racket,[38] Visual
Basic,[39] Python,[40][41] and Clojure.[42]
Mathematica supports the generation and execution of Modelica models for systems modeling and connects
with Wolfram System Modeler.

Links are also available to many third-party software packages and APIs.[43]

Mathematica can also capture real-time data from a variety of sources[44] and can read and write to public
blockchains (Bitcoin, Ethereum, and ARK).[45]

It supports import and export of over 220 data, image, video, sound, computer-aided design (CAD),
geographic information systems (GIS),[46] document, and biomedical formats.

In 2019, support was added for compiling Wolfram Language code to LLVM.[47]

Version 12.3 of the Wolfram Language added support for Arduino.[48]

Computable data
Mathematica is also integrated with Wolfram Alpha, an online answer engine that provides additional data,
some of which is kept updated in real time, for users who use Mathematica with an internet connection.
Some of the data sets include astronomical, chemical, geopolitical, language, biomedical, airplane, and
weather data, in addition to mathematical data (such as knots and polyhedra).[49]

Reception
BYTE in 1989 listed Mathematica as among the "Distinction" winners of the BYTE Awards, stating that it
"is another breakthrough Macintosh application ... it could enable you to absorb the algebra and calculus
that seemed impossible to comprehend from a textbook".[50] Mathematica has been criticized for being
closed source.[51] Wolfram Research claims keeping Mathematica closed source is central to its business
model and the continuity of the software.[52][53]

See also
Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages
Comparison of numerical-analysis software
Comparison of programming languages
Comparison of regular expression engines
Computational X
Dynamic programming language
Fourth-generation programming language
Functional programming
List of computer algebra systems
List of computer simulation software
List of information graphics software
Literate programming
Mathematical markup language
Mathematical software
WolframAlpha, a web answer engine
Wolfram Language
 Wolfram SystemModeler, a physical modeling and simulation tool which integrates with
Mathematica
SageMath

References
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[Link]). Retrieved 4 August 2021.
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External links
Official website ([Link]
Mathematica Documentation Center ([Link]
A little bit of Mathematica history ([Link]
[Link]) documenting the growth of code base and number of functions over time

Retrieved from "[Link]