Deeplearning4j
Eclipse Deeplearning4j is a programming library written in Java
Eclipse Deeplearning4j
for the Java virtual machine (JVM).[2][3] It is a framework with
wide support for deep learning algorithms.[4] Deeplearning4j Original author(s) Alex D. Black,
includes implementations of the restricted Boltzmann machine, Adam Gibson,
deep belief net, deep autoencoder, stacked denoising autoencoder Vyacheslav
and recursive neural tensor network, word2vec, doc2vec, and Kokorin, Josh
GloVe. These algorithms all include distributed parallel versions Patterson
that integrate with Apache Hadoop and Spark.[5]
Developer(s) Kondiut K. K.
Deeplearning4j is open-source software released under Apache and
License 2.0,[6] developed mainly by a machine learning group contributors
headquartered in San Francisco.[7] It is supported commercially by Preview release 1.0.0-beta7 /
the startup Skymind, which bundles DL4J, TensorFlow, Keras and 13 May 2020[1]
other deep learning libraries in an enterprise distribution called the
Repository [Link]
Skymind Intelligence Layer.[8] Deeplearning4j was contributed to
the Eclipse Foundation in October 2017.[9][10] /deeplearning4j
/deeplearning4j
([Link]
Introduction om/deeplearni
ng4j/deeplearni
Deeplearning4j relies on the widely used programming language
ng4j)
Java, though it is compatible with Clojure and includes a Scala
application programming interface (API). It is powered by its own Written in Java, CUDA,
open-source numerical computing library, ND4J, and works with C, C++,
both central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units
Operating system Linux, macOS,
(GPUs).[11][12]
Windows,
Deeplearning4j has been used in several commercial and academic Android, iOS
applications. The code is hosted on GitHub.[13] A support forum is Platform CUDA, x86,
maintained on Gitter.[14] ARM, PowerPC
Available in English
The framework is composable, meaning shallow neural nets such
as restricted Boltzmann machines, convolutional nets, Type Natural
autoencoders, and recurrent nets can be added to one another to language
create deep nets of varying types. It also has extensive processing,
visualization tools,[15] and a computation graph.[16] deep learning,
machine vision,
Distributed artificial
intelligence
License Apache
License 2.0
Website www
.deeplearning4j
.org ([Link]
Training with Deeplearning4j occurs in a cluster. Neural nets are [Link]
trained in parallel via iterative reduce, which works on Hadoop- [Link])
YARN and on Spark.[7][17] Deeplearning4j also integrates with
CUDA kernels to conduct pure GPU operations, and works with distributed GPUs.
Scientific computing for the JVM
Deeplearning4j includes an n-dimensional array class using ND4J that allows scientific computing in Java
and Scala, similar to the functions that NumPy provides to Python. It's effectively based on a library for
linear algebra and matrix manipulation in a production environment.
DataVec vectorization library for machine-learning
DataVec vectorizes various file formats and data types using an input/output format system similar to
Hadoop's use of MapReduce; that is, it turns various data types into columns of scalars termed vectors.
DataVec is designed to vectorize CSVs, images, sound, text, video, and time series.[18][19]
Text and NLP
Deeplearning4j includes a vector space modeling and topic modeling toolkit, implemented in Java and
integrating with parallel GPUs for performance. It is designed to handle large text sets.
Deeplearning4j includes implementations of term frequency–inverse document frequency (tf–idf), deep
learning, and Mikolov's word2vec algorithm,[20] doc2vec, and GloVe, reimplemented and optimized in
Java. It relies on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) for word-cloud visualizations.
Real-world use cases and integrations
Real-world use cases for Deeplearning4j include network intrusion detection and cybersecurity, fraud
detection for the financial sector,[21][22] anomaly detection in industries such as manufacturing,
recommender systems in e-commerce and advertising,[23] and image recognition.[24] Deeplearning4j has
integrated with other machine-learning platforms such as RapidMiner, [Link],[25] and Weka.[26]
Machine Learning Model Server
Deeplearning4j serves machine-learning models for inference in production using the free developer edition
of SKIL, the Skymind Intelligence Layer.[27][28] A model server serves the parametric machine-learning
models that makes decisions about data. It is used for the inference stage of a machine-learning workflow,
after data pipelines and model training. A model server is the tool that allows data science research to be
deployed in a real-world production environment.
What a Web server is to the Internet, a model server is to AI. Where a Web server receives an HTTP
request and returns data about a Web site, a model server receives data, and returns a decision or prediction
about that data: e.g. sent an image, a model server might return a label for that image, identifying faces or
animals in photographs.
The SKIL model server is able to import models from Python frameworks such as Tensorflow, Keras,
Theano and CNTK, overcoming a major barrier in deploying deep learning models.
Benchmarks
Deeplearning4j is as fast as Caffe for non-trivial image recognition tasks using multiple GPUs.[29] For
programmers unfamiliar with HPC on the JVM, there are several parameters that must be adjusted to
optimize neural network training time. These include setting the heap space, the garbage collection
algorithm, employing off-heap memory and pre-saving data (pickling) for faster ETL.[30] Together, these
optimizations can lead to a 10x acceleration in performance with Deeplearning4j.
API Languages: Java, Scala, Python , Clojure & Kotlin
Deeplearning4j can be used via multiple API languages including Java, Scala, Python, Clojure and Kotlin.
Its Scala API is called ScalNet.[31] Keras serves as its Python API.[32] And its Clojure wrapper is known as
DL4CLJ.[33] The core languages performing the large-scale mathematical operations necessary for deep
learning are C, C++ and CUDA C.
Tensorflow, Keras & Deeplearning4j
Tensorflow, Keras and Deeplearning4j work together. Deeplearning4j can import models from Tensorflow
and other Python frameworks if they have been created with Keras.[34]
See also
Free and open-
source software
portal
Computer
programming
portal
Comparison of deep learning software
Artificial intelligence
Machine learning
Deep learning
References
1. "Releases · eclipse/deeplearning4j" ([Link]
[Link]. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
2. Metz, Cade (2014-06-02). "The Mission to Bring Google's AI to the Rest of the World" (http
s://[Link]/2014/06/skymind-deep-learning/). [Link]. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
3. Vance, Ashlee (2014-06-03). "Deep Learning for (Some of) the People" ([Link]
org/web/20140604063205/[Link]
ler-companies-how-to-probe-deep-learning-on-their-own). Bloomberg Businessweek.
Archived from the original ([Link]
ler-companies-how-to-probe-deep-learning-on-their-own) on June 4, 2014. Retrieved
2014-06-28.
4. Novet, Jordan (2015-11-14). "Want an open-source deep learning framework? Take your
pick" ([Link] VentureBeat.
Retrieved 2015-11-24.
5. "Adam Gibson, DeepLearning4j on Spark and Data Science on JVM with nd4j, SF Spark
@Galvanize 20150212" ([Link] SF Spark
Meetup. 2015-02-12. Retrieved 2015-03-01.
6. "Github Repository" ([Link] GitHub. April 2020.
7. "[Link]" ([Link]
8. "Skymind Intelligence Layer Community Edition" ([Link]
537/[Link] Archived from the original ([Link] on
2017-11-07. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
9. "Eclipse Deeplearning4j Project Page" ([Link]
j). 22 June 2017.
10. "Skymind's Deeplearning4j, the Eclipse Foundation, and scientific computing in the JVM" (ht
tps://[Link]/[Link]). Jaxenter. 13 November
2017. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
11. Harris, Derrick (2014-06-02). "A startup called Skymind launches, pushing open source
deep learning" ([Link]
2/a-startup-called-skymind-launches-pushing-open-source-deep-learning/). [Link].
Archived from the original ([Link]
-pushing-open-source-deep-learning/) on 2014-06-28. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
12. Novet, Jordan (2014-06-02). "Skymind launches with open-source, plug-and-play deep
learning features for your app" ([Link]
pen-source-plug-and-play-deep-learning-features-for-your-app//). Retrieved 2014-06-29.
13. "deeplearning4j/deeplearning4j" ([Link] 29
April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023 – via GitHub.
14. "Element" ([Link]
[Link]. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
15. "Deeplearning4j Visualization Tools" ([Link]
[Link]/visualization). Archived from the original ([Link]
ation) on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
16. "Deeplearning4j Computation Graph" ([Link]
[Link]/compgraph). Archived from the original ([Link]
aph) on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
17. "Iterative reduce" ([Link] GitHub. 15 March 2020.
18. "DataVec ETL for Machine Learning" ([Link]
[Link]/datavec). Archived from the original ([Link] on
2017-10-02. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
19. "Anomaly Detection for Time Series Data with Deep Learning" ([Link]
s/deep-learning-time-series-anomaly-detection/). InfoQ. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
20. "Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting" ([Link]
[Link]/archive/p/word2vec). [Link]. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
21. "Archived copy" ([Link]
e/). Archived from the original ([Link] on 2016-03-10. Retrieved
2016-02-22.
22. "[Link]" ([Link]
Cbot=InternetArchiveBot+%7Cfix-attempted=yes+%7D%7D). [Link]. Retrieved 29 April
2023.
23. "Archived copy" ([Link]
erce/). Archived from the original ([Link] on 2016-03-10.
Retrieved 2016-02-22.
24. "[Link]" ([Link]
bot=InternetArchiveBot+%7Cfix-attempted=yes+%7D%7D). [Link]. Retrieved 29 April
2023.
25. "DeepLearning4J(Stable) | RapidMiner China" ([Link]
s://[Link]/en/products/shop/product/deeplearning4j/).
[Link]. Archived from the original ([Link]
products/shop/product/deeplearning4j/) on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
26. "Home - WekaDeeplearning4j" ([Link]
[Link]. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
27. "Products" ([Link]
Archived from the original ([Link] on 2017-09-21. Retrieved
2017-09-20.
28. "Model Server for Deep Learning and AI - Deeplearning4j: Open-source, Distributed Deep
Learning for the JVM" ([Link]
org/modelserver). Archived from the original ([Link] on
2017-09-21. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
29. "GitHub - deeplearning4j/Dl4j-benchmark: Repo to track dl4j benchmark code" ([Link]
[Link]/deeplearning4j/dl4j-benchmark). GitHub. 19 December 2019.
30. "Deeplearning4j Benchmarks - Deeplearning4j: Open-source, Distributed Deep Learning for
the JVM" ([Link]
rk). Archived from the original ([Link] on 2017-08-09.
Retrieved 2017-01-30.
31. "Scala, Spark and Deeplearning4j - Deeplearning4j: Open-source, Distributed Deep
Learning for the JVM" ([Link]
org/scala). Archived from the original ([Link] on 2017-02-25.
Retrieved 2017-02-25.
32. "Running Keras with Deeplearning4j - Deeplearning4j: Open-source, Distributed Deep
Learning for the JVM" ([Link]
org/keras). Archived from the original ([Link] on 2017-02-25.
Retrieved 2017-02-25.
33. "Deep Learning with Clojure - Deeplearning4j: Open-source, Distributed Deep Learning for
the JVM" ([Link]
Archived from the original ([Link] on 2017-02-25. Retrieved
2017-02-25.
34. "Tensorflow & Deeplearning4j - Deeplearning4j: Open-source, Distributed Deep Learning
for the JVM" ([Link]
flow). Archived from the original ([Link] on 2017-09-08.
Retrieved 2017-09-07.
Retrieved from "[Link]
