Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8  

CHAPTER

8 Circular Measure

π 3. s = rq
1. (a) 180° = 180 × ––––
= π rad. 180 1
= 10 × —π
4
π = 7.854 cm
(b) 90° = 90 ×
180
1 Arc length AB = 7.854 cm
= π rad.
2
π 4. s = rq
(c) 120° = 120 × ––––
180 π
= —π rad.
2 = 8 × 35 × 1 180
2
3 = 4.887 cm
π
(d) 50° = 50 × –––– Arc length PQ = 4.887 cm
180
5
= π rad.
18 5. (a) s = rq
π 22 1
(e) 30°30′ = 30.5 × ––––
180

7
1 2
= r  —π
3
61 22 3
= π rad. r = ×—
360 7 π
π 22 7
(f) 45°25′ = 45°25′ × = ×3×
180 7 22
109 = 3
= π rad.
432
π Therefore, radius = 3 cm
(g) 120.3° = 120.3 ×
180 (b) s = rq
401 2.2 = 3q
= π rad.
600 2.2
q =
180 3
2. (a) 2π rad. = 2π × π = 0.7333 rad.
= 360° Therefore, ∠BOC = 0.7333 rad.
1 1 180
(b) —π rad. = —π × π 6. (a) s = rq
4 4
= 45° π
1
= 10 × 60 ×
180
2
180 = 10.47 cm
(c) 0.35π rad. = 0.35π × π
= 63° Arc length AB = 10.47 cm
(b)
5 5 180 B
(d) —π rad. = —π × π C
6 6 A
= 150° 10 cm
30°

1 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8

In ∆BOC,
OP : PB = 3 : 1
BC
OB : OP = 4 : 3
sin 30° = –­ –––
10 OB ­— 4
BC = 10 sin 30° =
OP 3
= 5 cm 4
OB = ­—OP
AB = 2 × 5 3
= 10 cm 4
= ­— × 5
3
Perimeter of segment AB = 10.47 + 10 20
= ­–––
= 20.47 cm 3
Arc length AB, s = rq
7. 20
14.2 = ­––– × q
P
R
Q 3
3
12 cm q = 14.2 × ­–––
0.25 rad. 20
= 2.13 rad.
Therefore, ∠AOB = 2.13 rad.
O

s = rq ­ 3 × Arc length AB
(b) Arc length PQ = —
Arc length PQ = 12 × 0.5 4
3
= 6 cm = ­— × 14.2
4
In ∆POR, = 10.65 cm
180
0.25 rad. = 0.25 × π
= 14.32° 10. (a) ∠AOC : ∠BOC = 1 : 2
2
PR ∠BOC = ­— × 180°
sin 14.32° = 3
12 = 120°
PR = 12 sin 14.32°
= 2.968 cm 120
Arc length BC = ­–––– × (πr)
180
PQ = 2 × 2.968 120
= ­–––– × π(12)
= 5.936 cm 180
Hence, the perimeter of segment PQ = 25.13 cm
= 6 + 5.936 (b) Arc length AC = rq
= 11.94 cm π
1
= 12 60 × ­––––
1802
1 = 12.57 cm
8. (a) OB = ­— OD
2
1 The perimeter of sector AOC = 2 × 12 + 12.57
= ­— × 20 = 36.57 cm
2
= 10 cm
Arc length AB = rq ­ 1 × 16
11. (a) Radius = —
= 10 × 1 2
= 10 cm = 8 cm

(b) Arc length CD = rq Area of minor sector AOB = —­ 1 r2q

2
= 20 × 1 1
= 20 cm = ­— × 82 × 1.2
2
= 38.4 cm2
9. (a) B
(b) ∠BOC = (π – 1.2) rad.
cm 1
14
.2 P Area of minor sector BOC = ­—r2q
2
1
θ = ­— × 82 × (π – 1.2)
O 2
= 62.13 cm2
5

A
cm

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 2

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8  

Area of the sector = —

12. ­ 1 r2q Given area of sector BOC = 120 cm2
2 1 2
­— r q = 120
—
­ 1 2 2
58 = r (0.57)
2
2 × 58 — 1 2 π
­ 1 r2 ­— = 120
r = ––––––
2 2 3
0.57 6 ×120
r2 = ––––––
ABBBBB
2 × 58
r = ––––––
0.57
π

= 14.27 cm
ABBBB
720
r = ––––
π
= 15.14 cm
13. ­ 1 r2q
Area of the sector = — (b) ∠AOB = 30°
2 π
1 = ­— rad.
140 = ­— × 202 × q 6
2
2 × 140 Area of segment AB
q = ––––––– = Area of sector AOB – Area of ∆AOB
202
= 0.7 rad. 1 1
= ­—r2q – ­—r2 sin q
2 2
1
π = ­—r (q – sin q )
2
14. 30° = 30 × –––– 2
180 1 π
π
= ­— rad. 2 1
= ­—(15.14)2 ­— – sin 30°
6 2
6
= 2.705 cm2
The area of segment PQR
= Area of sector POR – Area of ∆POR
1 1
= ­—r2q – ­—r2 sin q
2 2
π
1 1. (a)
∠POQ = 54 ×
= ­—r (q – sin q)
2
180
2
3
1 π = π rad
2 1
= ­—(14)2 ­— – sin 30°
6 2 10
= 2.313 cm2 1 2
(b) Area =
rθ
2
1 3
15. Given arc length AB : arc length BC = 1 : 2 = × 82 × × 3.142
2 10
1 = 30.1632 cm 2
∠AOB = ­— × 45°
2
≈ 30.16 cm2
= 22.5°
π
1
= 22.5 × –––– rad.
180
2 2. Major angle AOB = 2π – 0.412
Major arc length AB = 84.31 cm
Area of sector AOB
1 rq = 84.31
= ­—r2q r(2π – 0.412) = 84.31
2
1 π 84.31
r = ––––––––––
2 1
= ­— × 102 × 22.5 × ––––
180
2 2π – 0.412
= 19.63 cm2 = 14.36 cm

3. (a) Let the radius of circle be r.

16. (a) Given ∠AOB : ∠BOC = 1 : 2
1
2 \ AO = r, CO = ­—r
∠BOC = ­— × 90° 2
3
= 60° In ∆AOC,
π CO
= ­— rad. cos ∠AOC = ––––
3 AO
1r
­—
2
= ––––
r
1
= ­—
2

3 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8

∠AOC = 60° ­ 1 ∠AOC

(b) ∠AOB = —
= 60 × ––––
p 2
180 1 1 4
60 × 3.142
= ­— ­— × ­—π1
2 2 3 2
= ––––––––––
180 1
= ­—π rad.
= 1.05 rad. 3
(b) Arc length AB = 1.05 Minor arc length AB = rq
rq = 1.05 1
= 10 × ­—π
r(1.05) = 1.05 3
10
r = 1 cm = ­–––π
3
Area of the shaded region = 10.47 cm
= Area of sector AOB – Area of ∆AOC
(c) Area of the shaded region
1 1
= ­—r2q – ­— × base × height = Area of sector BOC – Area of ∆BOC
2 2
1 1
1 1 1 AB3
= ­—(1)2(1.05) – ­— × ­— × ––– = ­—r2q – ­—r2 sin q
2 2 2 2 2
2
1
= 0.308 cm2 = ­—r2(q – sin q)
2
1 1
4. (a) OR = OQ – RQ
= —
­
2 1
× 102 × ­—π – sin 60°
3 2
= 13 – 1 1
= 12 cm 1
= 50 ­—π – sin 60°
3 2
In ∆OPR, = 9.059 cm2
OR
cos q = ––––
PO OB 3
12 6. (a) –––– = ­—
= ––– OQ 1
13
OB
–––– = 3
q = 0.3948 rad.
4
(b) The area of the shaded region OB = 12 cm
= Area of sector POQ – Area of ∆POR AO = 12 cm
1 1 PR2 = PO2 – RO2
= ­—r2q – ­— × (RO) × (PR) ­ π = ––––
OQ
2 2 = 132 – 122 In ∆POQ, cos —
3 OP
1 1 PR = 5 cm 4
= ­—(13)2(0.3948) – ­—(12)(5) = ––––
2 2 OP
= 3.361 cm2 4
OP = –––––– π
cos ­—
5. (a) 3
O
= 8 cm
\ AP = AO – OP
A C = 12 – 8
= 4 cm
B (b) In ∆POQ,
1 PQ2 = PO2 – OQ2
∠ABC = ­—q
2 = 82 – 42
1 = 48
Minor angle of AOC = ­—q
2
1 PQ = 6.928 cm
q + ­—q = 2π
2 QB = OB – OQ
3
­— = 12 – 4
q = 2π
2 = 8 cm
2
q = 2π × ­—
3 Arc length AB = rq
4 ­π
= ­—π rad.
3
1 2
= 12 —
3
= 4π
= 12.57 cm

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 4

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8  

The perimeter of the shaded region ­π

(c) ∠AOP = π – —
= 6.928 + 8 + 4 + 12.57 6
= 31.5 cm 5
= ­—π rad.
6

7. (a) PR = —­ 1 PO ­5π
Arc length AP = 10 — 1 2
2 6
1 = 26.18 cm
= ­—(12)
2
= 6 cm 9. (a) Area of sector ABC = 4 × Area of sector ADE
Arc length RS = 4 1 2 1 R = Radius, AB
6 × ∠RPS = 4 ­—
2 1
R q = 4 × ­—r2q
2 2 r = Radius, AD
2
­— R2
∠RPS = radian ––– = 4
3 r2
(b) Area of sector OPQ = 82 cm2 R 2

1 2
­— r q = 82
1 2
—
r = 4
2 R
— r = 2
1
­— × 122 × q = 82
2 R = 2r
164 Given arc length BC = 12 cm
q = ­––––
144 . Rq = 12.................. 1
41
= ­––– rad. Area of sector ADE = 25π
36
1 2
­—
41 r q = 25π
Arc length PQ = 12 × –­ –– 2
36
1 ­—
R 2

41
= ­––– cm
3
­—
2 2 1 2
q = 25π
R2
1 –––
The perimeter of the shaded region ­—
2 4 1 2
q = 25π
= Arc length PQ + PS + Arc length RS + RO + OQ R 2
41 –––q = 25π................ 2
= ­––– + 6 + 4 + 6 + 12 8
3
12
= 41.67 cm From 1, q = –––............................... 3
R

8. (a) ∠COR = ∠ABD Substitute 3 into 2,

π R2 12
= ­— rad.
6

8 R 1 2
––– ––– = 25π

1 25π × 8
CO = ­—AO R = –––––––
2 12
1 = 52.36 cm
= ­—(10)
2 Therefore, the length of AB = 52.36 cm
= 5 cm
(b) Arc length BC = 12 cm
RO = — ­ 1 PO 52.36 × q = 12
2 12
1 q = ––––––
= (10) —
­ 52.36
2 = 0.2292 rad.
= 5 cm
Therefore, COR is a sector with O as the centre Therefore, ∠BAC = 0.2292 rad.
and radius 5 cm. (c) Area of the shaded region
1 π
The area of the shaded region = ­— × 52 × ­— = Area of ∆ABC – Area of sector ADE
2 6
= 6.545 cm2 1 180
π
= ­—
2 1
× 52.362 × sin 0.2292 × ––––
π – 2
(b) Arc length CR = 5 × ­—
6 1 52.36 2(0.2292)
= 2.618 cm
­—
2 1
× –––––
2 2
The perimeter of the shaded region = 232.9 cm2
= 2.618 + 2 × 5
= 12.62 cm

5 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8

4. Arc length AB : Arc length BC = 1 : 2

2
Arc length BC : Arc length AC = ­— : 1
3
19 – 4
1. (a) Radius = –––––– =2:3
2
15 Hence, arc length AB : arc length BC : arc length AC
= ­–––
2 =1:2:3
= 7.5 cm
­ 2 × 2π
∠BOC = —
s 6
(b) q = —r 2
= ­—π rad.
4 3
= –––
7.5
= 0.5333 rad. ­ 1 × r2 × q
The area of sector BOC = —
2
1 2
= ­— × 72 × ­—π
2. 2 3
A
6.5 cm O
B
= 51.31 cm2

D 5. (a) Arc length AB = 3π

π
C
1 2
r ­— = 3π
3
∠BOC = 60° 3
π r = 3π × ­—
π
= ­— rad.
3 = 9 cm
π
Let D be the midpoint of chord AC, ∠AOD = ­— rad. Therefore, radius = 9 cm
3
In ∆AOD, (b)
A
π AD
sin ­— = ––––
3 AO
AD C
= ––––
6.5
π
AD = 6.5 sin ­— B
3 O 9 cm
= 5.629 cm Let C be the midpoint of AB.
Chord AC = 2 × 5.629 1 π
= 11.26 cm

2 3 1
∠BOC = ­— ­— rad. 2
2π π
Arc length AC = 6.5 × ––– = ­— rad.
6
3
= 13.61 cm π BC
In ∆BOC, sin ­— = –––
6 9
The perimeter of the shaded region π
BC = 9 sin ­—
= 11.26 + 13.61 6
= 24.87 cm = 4.5 cm
\ Chord AB = 2 × 4.5
28 = 9 cm
3. Arc length PQ = –––
11
2 28

7 1 2
r ­— = –––
11
6. Given OB = 10 cm
1
28 7 \ OA = ­—(10)
r = ––– × ­— 2
11 2
= 5 cm
98
= ––– Arc length AD
11 ∠AOD = –––––––––––––
OA
Circumference of the circle = 2πr = 1 rad.
22 98
1 21 2
= 2 ––– –––
7 11
The area of the shaded region
= Area of sector BOC – Area of sector AOD
= 56 cm
1 1
= ­— × 102 × 1 – ­— × 52 × 1
2 2
= 37.5 cm2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 6

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8  

π 10. (a) Given the perimeter of sector BOC

1
7. (a) Arc length RQ = 12 × 45 × ––––
180 2 = Arc length AB
= 9.425 cm 2r + rq = (π – q)r
The perimeter of sector PQR 2 + q = π – q
= (2 × 12) + 9.425 2q = π – 2
= 33.43 cm π–2
q = –––––
2
(b) The area of sector PQR = 0.5708
1 π
1
= ­— × 122 × ­— cm2
2 4 2 (b) Arc length BC = rq
= 6 × 0.5708
The volume of the slice of the cake = 3.425 cm
1 π
= ­— × 122 × ­— × 3 Perimeter of sector BOC
2 4
= 169.6 cm3 = 2 × 6 + 3.425
= 15.43 cm
1 2 π
Area of the minor sector ­—
2 1
r 60 × ­­­––––
1802 11. (a) In sector AOB,
8. (a) ––––––––––––––––––––– = –––––––––––––––
Area of the major sector 1 2 π Arc length AB
­—
2 1
r 300 × ­­­––––
1802 q = –––––––––––––
OB
1 8
= ­— = –––
5 12
Area of minor sector AOB : Area of major sector AOB = 0.6667 rad.
=1:5 = 38°12′
π
(b) Major arc length AB = 14 × 300 × ­­­–––– Arc length CD
180 ––––––––––––– =
(b) ­3
—
= 73.30 cm Arc length AB 2
OD
–––– ­—3
The perimeter = 73.30 + (2 × 14) =
OB 2
= 101.3 cm OD 3
–––– = ­—
12 2
9. (a) AD = AB OD = 18 cm
= 10 cm
y = 18 – 12
DC 1 = 6
Given –––– = ­—
AD 5
1 (c) The area of the shaded region
DC = ­—AD = Area of sector DOC – Area of sector BOA
5
1 1 2 1 2
= ­— × 10 = ­— × 182 × ­— – ­— × 122 × ­—
5 2 3 2 3
= 2 cm = 60 cm2

(b) Arc length BD = 10 × 0.5 12. (a) 18 cm

= 5 cm Q R
2 cm
∠BOC = 2 × ∠BAD P S
= 2 × 0.5
= 1 rad. 8 cm 8 cm

BC = rq
12 A B
= ––– (1)
2 1 2 In ∆PRS,
= 6 cm PS2 = 182 – 22
PS = 17.89
The perimeter of the shaded region
Therefore, AB = 17.89 cm
=6+2+5
= 13 cm 2
(b) cos ∠PRB = –––
18
­1
∠PRB = cos–1 — 1 2
9
= 83°37′

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   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8

(c) ∠RPA = (90° – 83°37′) + 90° In ∆PBC,

= 96°23′
102 – 62
PC = ABBBBBB
Area of the shaded region = 8 cm
= Area of trapezium ABSRQP
6
– Area of sector APQ – Area of sector BRQ cos ∠PBC = –––
10
1 1 π
2 2 1
= ­—(8 + 10)(17.89) – ­— × 82 × 96°23′ × ­­­–––– – 2 ­3
∠PBC = cos–1 — 1 2
180 5
1 π
­—
2 1
× 102 × 83°37′ × ­­­––––
180 2 = 53°8′
= 0.9273 rad.
= 161.01 – 53.83 – 72.97
= 34.21 cm2 ∠PAC = 0.9273 rad.
∠ACB = π – 2 × 0.9273
13. (a) O = 1.287 rad.
5 cm Area of the shaded region
= Area of ∆ABC – Area of sector QCR
R
4 cm
F – Area of sector PBR – Area of sector PAQ
1 1 1
= ­— × 12 × 8 – ­— × 42 × 1.287 – ­— × 62 × 0.9273 –
P 2 2 2
1
­—
× 62 × 0.9273
In ∆FOR, 2
52 – 42
OR = ABBBBB = 4.321 cm2
= 3 cm (b) Perimeter of the shaded region
PR = PO – OR = Arc length QR + Arc length PQ + Arc length PR
=5–3 = 4(1.287) + 6(0.9273) + 6(0.9273)
= 2 cm = 16.28 cm

(b) In ∆ROF,
4 15. (a)
sin ∠ROF = ­— F
5 C B
∠ROF = 53°8′
∠EOF = 2 × 53°8′ 7 cm
20° 20°
7 cm
= 106°16′
= 1.855 rad.
Arc length EPF = 5(1.855) O
= 9.275 cm BF
sin 20° = ––––
BO
(c) Area of ∆EOF = — ­1 ×8×3 = ––––
BF
2 7
= 12 cm2 BF = 7 sin 20°
1 = 2.394 cm
Area of sector EOF = ­— × 52 × 1.855
2 BC = 2 × 2.394
= 23.19 cm2
= 4.788 cm
Area of segment EPFR = 23.19 – 12
Therefore, the radius of sector ADBC is 4.788 cm.
= 11.19 cm2
(b) Area of the shaded region
14. (a) = Area of sector OACB – Area of ∆AOC –
Area of ∆BOC
1 π 1
A 6 cm
P
6 cm B
2 1 180 2 2
= ­— × 72 × 80 × ­­­–––– – ­— × 72 × sin 40° –
6 cm Q R 6 cm 1
­— × 72 × sin 40°

4 cm 4 cm
2
C = 2.712 cm2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 8

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8  

(c) Minor angle of ACB = 2 × 70 ­8

= 140°
∠BOC = 2 tan–1 —
6 1 2
= 106°16′
Major angle of ACB = 360° – 140°
= 1.855 rad.
= 220°
π The minor arc length BC = 6(1.855)
= 220 × –­­­ –––
180 = 11.13 cm
= 3.84 rad.
Arc length ADB = (4.788)(3.84) ­1 ×8×6
(b) Area of ∆AOC = —
2
= 18.39 cm
= 24 cm2

16. (a) ­ 1 × 62 × 1.855

Area of sector BOC = —
2
A

D
= 33.39 cm2
120°
Area of the shaded region = 2 × 24 – 33.39
O = 14.61 cm2
B C

­ 1 (120°)
∠ABC = —
18. (a) y
2
= 60° A(0, 6)
∠AOC = 2 × 60° E B(3, 15
–)
= 120° 4

The arc length of minor sector ADC x

= rq O C(3, 0)
π y
1
= 9 120 × ­­­––––
180 2 ­ x + ­— = 1
—
3 6
= 6π cm
Hence, A(0, 6) and C(3, 0).
­ 1 ∠AOC
(b) ∠DOC = — AE = AO – EO
2 15
1 = 6 – –––
= ­—(120°) 4
2 9
= ­— units
= 60° 4
π EB = 3 units
= ­— rad.
3
AE
Area of the shaded region In ∆ABE, tan ∠ABE = ––––
EB
= Area of sector DOC – Area of ∆DOC
9
­—
1 π 1
2 3 1 2
= ­—(9)2 ­— – ­—(9)2 sin 60°
2 = –––
4
3
27 81 AB 3 3
= –––π – ––– –––
2 2 2 1 2 = ­—
4
27
1 81AB
= –––π – ––––– 3 cm2
2 ­3
∠ABE = tan–1 — 1 2
2 4 4
= 36°52′
17. (a) B = 0.6435 rad.

­ π + 0.6435
∠ABC = —
O A 2
6 cm = 2.214 rad.
cm
8
C
15
In ∆AOC, 4 1 2
(b) Arc length AC = ––– (2.214)
8 = 8.303 cm
tan ∠AOC = ­—
6
8
∠AOC = tan–1 ­—
6 1 2

9 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8

(c) The area of the shaded region Arc length AB

= Area of sector ABC – Area of ∆ABC 20. (a) ––––––––––––– = ∠AOB
OA
OA
1 15 2 1 15 2 ∠AOB = ––––
= ­—
2 1 2
4 2 4 1 2
× ––– × 2.214 – ­— × ––– sin (126°52′) OA
= 1 radian
1 15 2
=
2 1 2
­— × ––– (2.214 – sin 126°52′)
4 Given the area of sector AOB = 32 cm2
= 9.942 cm2 1 2
­—
r (1) = 32
2
Arc length AC r2 = 64
19. (a) ∠AOC = ––––––––––––– r = 8
AO
Therefore, OB = 8 cm
1
­— r
= ––––
2 (b) Given CO = —­ 2 BO and ––––
CO 2
= ­—
r 3 BO 3
1 2
= ­— rad. Arc length CD = ­— × Arc length AB
2 3
—
­ 2
∠BOD = ∠AOC = OA
1 3
= ­— rad. 2
2 = ­—(8)
3
(b) Given arc length BD = 2 × Arc length AC 16
1 = ––– cm
\ AO = ­—BO 3
2
1 (c) Area of sector OCD
= ­—(8)
2 2 2
= 4 cm
1 2
= ­— × Area of sector AOB
3
1 4
= ­— × 32
Arc length AC = 4 ­—
2 1 2 9
= 2 cm 128
= –––– cm2
9
Arc length BD = 2 × 2
= 4 cm
The perimeter of the diagram
= Arc length AC + Arc length BD + AO + CO
+ DO + BO 1. (a) Area of ∆AOB = —­ 1 r2 sin q
2
=2+4+4+4+8+8
1
= 30 cm = ­— × 42 × sin 2
2
180
(c) D
1
= 8 sin 2 × –––– p 2
= 7.274 cm2
E
B
(b) Area of sector ADE = —­ 1 r2q
8 cm 2
1
1 rad.
– = ­— × 162 × ∠BAO
O
4 2
1 p–2
In ∆BOE, = ­— × 162 × –––––
2 2 1 2
1 180 BE = 73.06 cm2
1 4 π2
sin ­— × ­­­–––– = ––––
8
­ 1 × 42 × ∠BOC
Area of sector BOC = —
1 180 2

4 1
BE = 8 sin ­— × ­­­––––
π 2 = 8 × (p – 2)
= 9.133 cm2
­ 1 × ­­­–180
Chord BD = 2 × 8 sin — 1 ––– 2
4 π Area of the shaded region
= 3.958 cm = Area of sector ADE – Area of ∆AOB – Area of
sector BOC
= 73.06 – 7.274 – 9.133
= 56.65 cm2

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 10

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8  

2. Perimeter of sector AOC = Arc length BC Area of segment AOB

r + r + r(p – q) = rq = Area of sector APB – Area of ∆APB
2r + r(p – q) = rq 1 p 1
2 + p – q = q 2 1180° 2 2
= ­— × 92 × 120° × –––– – ­— × 92 × sin 120°
2q = 2 + p
1 120°

2+p
q = ––––– 2 1
= ­— × 81 × –––––––– – sin 120°
×
180°
p
2
2
= 49.76 cm2
= 2.571 rad.
= 147°18′ Area of the shaded region
= Area of circle AOB – 2 × Area of segment AOB
­ 1 × 82 × (p – q)
Area of sector AOC = — = p × 92 – 2 × 49.76
2 = 154.98 cm2
2+p
1
= 32 p – –––––
2 2 (b) The perimeter of the shaded region
p–2 = The perimeter of a circle

21
= 32 ––––– 2 = 2p(9)
= 18.27 cm2 = 18 × 3.142
= 56.56 cm
3. (a) Arc length CD = 3OC
Let OC = r 5. (a)
rq = 3r
F

q = 3
(b) Arc length CD = 2 × Arc length AB
rq = 2(10q)
r = 20 O
\ OC = 20 cm
Area of the shaded region 30°

8 cm
= Area of sector OCD – Area of sector OAB D E
1 1
= ­— × 202 × 3 – ­— × 102 × 3
2 2 A B C

3
= ­—(20 – 10 )
2 2
Since OA = AC = OC,
2
= 450 cm2 therefore ∆AOC is an equilateral triangle.
∠AOC = 60°
= ­— rad.
p
4. (a) 3
A
In ∆AOB,
8
cos 30° = –––
O P OA
8
OA = –––––––
cos 30°
B = 9.238 cm
(b) Arc length AC = rq
A p
= 9.238 × 60 × ––––
180
9 cm 30°
30° 9 cm = 9.674 cm

60° 60°
(c) Area of the shaded region
O
60° 60°
P = Area of ∆AOC – Area of sector DOE
1 1
= ­— × 9.2382 × sin 60° – ­— × 82 × ­—
p
9 cm 9 cm 2 2 3
= 3.443 cm2
B

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8

Arc length RS 2 (c)

––––––––––––– = ­—
6. (a)
3 O
Arc length PQ
2
Arc length RS = ­— × 8
3 8 cm
16
= ­––– cm
3

­ 3 RQ
(b) OQ = — A P B
5
3
= ­— × 10
5 ­ 1 (57°18′)
∠POA = —
2
= 6 cm = 28°39′
Arc length PQ = 8 cm In ∆APO,
OQ × ∠POQ = 8 AP
6 × ∠POQ = 8 sin 28°39′ = ­––––
8
8 AP = 8 × sin 28°39′
∠POQ = ­—
6 = 3.836 cm
—
­ 8 ­–180
= × ––– \ AB = 2 × AP
6 p
= 76°24′ = 2 × 3.836
= 7.672 cm
(c) Area of sector POQ = —­ 1 r2q
2 8. (a)
1 4

2 1 2
= ­—(6)2 ­—
3
= 24 cm2 A B
10 cm 6 cm
π rad.
–
7. (a) 6 θ rad.
A P C Q

O θ

A B
B
Arc length AB = rq 10 cm 6 cm
5 cm
= OA × q
π
Arc length AB – θ
q = ­–––––––––––– P
6
R S Q
OA
Since arc length AB = OA,
In ∆PAR,
therefore q = 1 rad.
AR = 10 sin ­—
p
Given the area of the sector = 32 cm2 6
= 5 cm
­—1
× r2 × 1 = 32 In ∆BSQ,
2
r2 = 64 BS = AR
r = ±8 r.0 = 5 cm
= 8 cm 5
sin q = ­—
Hence, OA = 8 cm 6
5
(b) ∠AOB = 1 rad.
q = sin–1 ­— 1 2
6
= 56°27′
= 1 × ­–180
–––
p
= 57°18′

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8  

(b) (i)
In ∆PAR, ­4
(c) Arc length AD = 3 × —
3

p
cos ­— = ­–PR
––– = 4 cm
6 10
10 cos ­—
p
PR = The perimeter of the shaded region
6
= 8.66 cm =4+8+3+3
= 18 cm
In ∆BSQ,
QS = 6 cos 56°27′
x y
= 3.316 cm 10. (a) ­— + ­— = 1
6 8
AB = PQ – PR – SQ \ A(0, 8) and B(6, 0).
= 16 – 8.66 – 3.316
= 4.024 cm 0+6 8+0
1
D = –­ ––––, ­–––––
2 2 2
(ii) The area of trapezium ABQCP = (3, 4)
1
= ­— × 5 × (4.024 + 16) (b)
2 A
= 50.06 cm2

Area of sector APC
1 8 units
= ­— × 102 × ­—
p
2 6
= 26.18 cm2
O 6 units B

Area of sector BQC
1 In ∆AOB,
2 1
= ­— × 62 × 56°27′ × –­ –––
p
180 2 AB = 10 units
= 17.73 cm2 \ DB = 5 units
Area of the shaded region D
= 50.06 – 26.18 – 17.73
= 6.15 cm2 5 units
θ
5 units

9. (a)
B O B
m 3 units P
xc
A
cm
In ∆DOP,
­3
3
sin q = —
O θ rad. 8 cm 5
q = 36°52′
D
∠ODB = 2 × 36°52′
C
= 73°44′

Area of sector OBC 4 (c) Area of sector ODB

––––––––––––––––– = ­—
Area of sector OAD 1 1
1 2 1
= ­— × 52 × 73°44′ × ­–––– p
180° 2
­—(3 + x)2q
2 = 16.09 unit2
––––––––––– = 4
1
­— × 32 × q 1
Area of ∆ODB = ­— × DP × OB
2 2
(3 + x)2 = 36 1
3 + x = ±6 = ­— × 4 × 6
2
x = 3 x.0
= 12 unit2
OB = 3 + 3
= 6 cm Area of the shaded region = 16.09 – 12
= 4.09 unit2
(b) Arc length BC = 6q
8 = 6q
8
q = ­—
6
4
= ­— rad.
3

13 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8

11. (a) x2 + y2 = 100 12. (a) B

When x = 0, y = ±10
When y = 0, x = ±10
C
\ A(10, 0), B(0, 10), C(–10, 0), D(0, –10).
Area of sector OADCB
3 8 cm
= ­— × Area of circle ABCD
4
3 1.6 rad.
= ­— × p(10)2 O A
4 8 cm D 8 cm
= 75p unit2
1.6
∠AOB = –­ ––
(b) y
2
= 0.8 rad.
B
x 2 + y 2 = 100
(b)
C
P

x
C O A R 8 cm

D 0.8 rad.
O D
8 cm
In ∆AOB,
In ∆ROD,
AB2 = 102 + 102
RO
200 units
AB = ABBB cos 0.8 = –­ ––
8
200
ABBB RO = 8 cos 0.8
\ AP = ––––– units
2
= 8 cos 0.8 × ­–180
1 ––– 2
1 p
Area of semicircle APBO = ­—pr2
2 = 5.574 cm
1 200
ABBB 2
= ­—p –––––
2 2 1 2 OC = 2 × 5.574
= 11.15 cm
50
= ­––– p unit2
2
1 13. (a)
Area of ∆AOB = —
­ × 10 × 10
2 P Q

= 50 unit2
Area of segments BO and OA
50
2 1
= ­––– p – 50 unit22 R
S
T
10 cm
Area of the shaded region 0.2
= Area of sector OADCB – Area of segments BO rad.
and OA r cm
50
1
= 75p – ­––– p – 50
2 2
50
= 75p – ­––– p + 50 O
2
The length of RS 1
= 50p + 50 ––––––––––––––– = ­—
The length of ST 2
= 50(p + 1) unit2
\ ∠SOT = 2 × 0.2
= 0.4 rad.

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 14

 Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8  

Area of sector ORST = Area of sector OPQ ­ 1 × 17.322 × sin 60°

(c) Area of ∆OAB = —
1 2 1 2
­— r (0.6) = ­—(10)2(0.4) = 129.9 cm2
2 2
100 × 0.4 \ Area of segment AB
r2 = –––––––––
0.6 = Area of sector OAB – Area of ∆OAB
r = 8.165 cm = 157.1 – 129.9
\ OT = 8.165 cm = 27.2 cm2

(b) Arc length ST = 8.165 × 0.4

15. (a)
= 3.266 cm C

­ 1 × 8.1652 × 0.4
(c) Area of sector OST = — B
2 2x
cm
= 13.333 cm2 E O 0.48 rad.
H D
Area of shaded region PQTS m
A
xc
= Area of sector OPQ – Area of sector OST G
F

= 20 – 13.333
= 6.667 cm2 Perimeter of sector EOF
= x + x + 0.48x
14. (a) = 2.48x
A B Perimeter of sector AOB
10 cm
120° = 2x + 2x + (2x)(0.48)
P
= 4.96x
2.48x + 4.96x = 74.4
7.44x = 74.4
74.4
x = –––––
O
7.44
∠BPO = ∠APO = 120° = 10
\ ∠POB = 30°, ∠POA = 30°
(b) Area of the shaded region
∠AOB = 60°
= Area of sector EOF + Area of sector AOB
1 1
P = ­—(10)2(0.48) + ­—(20)2(0.48)
2 2
10 cm
60° 60°
10 cm = 120 cm2
(c) Arc length CD = 40(0.48)
O B = 19.2 cm
C

In ∆POC,
16. (a)
OC
sin 60° = –­ –– B
10
OC = 10 sin 60°
= 8.66 cm
\ OB = 2 × 8.66 O
= 17.32 cm
A C
­ 1 (17.32)2 ­—
Area of sector OAB = — 1 2
p
2 3
6.5 cm 6.5 cm
= 157.1 cm2 40° 40°

1 2
(b) Arc length AB = 17.32 —
­p
3
P

= 18.14 cm
Perimeter of sector PAB = 10 + 10 + 18.14
= 38.14 cm

15 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

   Additional Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 8

R (c) Area of sector PAOC

A O
1
1 2
70° 70°
= ­— × 6.52 × 80 × ­–––– p
2 180
= 29.5 cm2
6.5 cm
(d) Area of ∆PAO + Area of ∆POC
40° 1
1
= 2 × ­— × 6.52 × sin 40°
2 2

P = 27.16 cm2
In ∆APR,
AR Area of segments AO and OC
cos 70° = ­––– = 29.5 – 27.16
6.5
= 2.34 cm2
AR = 6.5 cos 70°
= 2.223 cm Area of the shaded region
AO = 2 × 2.223 = Area of sector OABC – 2.34
= 4.446 cm 1
2 1
= ­— × 4.4462 × 220 × ­–––– 2
p – 2.34
180
Therefore, the radius of sector OABC is = 35.61 cm2
4.446 cm.

1
(b) Arc length ABC = 4.446 × 220 × ­––––
p
180 2
= 17.07 cm

1
Arc length AOC = 6.5 × 80 × ­––––
p
180 2
= 9.076 cm
Perimeter of the shaded region
= 17.07 + 9.076
= 26.15 cm

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 16