9/21/2011

Chapter 14
Enterprise Computing Objectives Overview

Discuss the special Describe and list general

Identify information
information purpose and integrated
systems and software
requirements of an information systems
used in the functional
enterprise-sized used throughout an
units of an enterprise
corporation enterprise

Discovering Describe and list types of Describe virtualization,

Computers 2012
technologies used cloud computing, and
throughout an enterprise grid computing

Your Interactive Guide

to the Digital World

See Page 719 2

for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

Objectives Overview What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,

Discuss the Discuss high such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks
computer hardware availability, that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols,
needs and solutions scalability, and and network architectures
for an enterprise interoperability

Determine why
Discuss the steps in
computer backup is
a disaster recovery
important and how
plan
it is accomplished
See Page 719 3 Pages 720 – 721 4
for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-1

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What Is Enterprise Computing? What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Types of enterprises include: • Most traditional enterprises are organized in a

hierarchical manner
Retail Manufacturing Service

Wholesale Government Educational

Transportation

Page 722 5 Pages 722 – 723 6

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-2

What Is Enterprise Computing? What Is Enterprise Computing?

• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of • Enterprise information is the information
four categories: Executive
gathered in the ongoing operations of an
Management enterprise-sized organization
Middle
– Business intelligence
Management – Business process management
– Business process automation
Operational Management

Nonmanagement Employees

Page 724 7 Pages 725 - 726 8

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-3

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What Is Enterprise Computing? Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Managers coordinate resources by performing • An information system is a set of hardware,

four activities software, data, people, and procedures that work
Planning
together to produce information

Controlling Organizing

Leading

Page 725 9 Page 726 10

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-4 Figure 14-5

Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Functional units within an enterprise might • Accounting software manages everyday transactions
include: Marketing
• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases
Manufacturing Sales with customer payments
Engineering or
Product Distribution
• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and
Development
analyze
Human Customer
Resources Service

Accounting Information
and Finance Enterprise Technology

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-7

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Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

• A human resources • Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and

information system (HRIS) special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and
manages one or more
design
human resources functions
• Employee relationship • Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to
management systems test product designs
manage communication
between employees and
the business

Page 728 13 Pages 728 – 729 14

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-8 Figure 14-9

Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Computer-aided Material Requirements

manufacturing (CAM) is Planning (MRP) uses
the use of computers to software to help monitor and
control production control processes related to
equipment
production
• Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM) uses
computers to integrate Manufacturing Resource
the many different Planning II (MRP II) is an
operations of the extension of MRP and also
manufacturing process includes software that helps
in scheduling
Page 729 15 Pages 729 - 730 16
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-10

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Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips

A quality control system helps an traveling salespeople with the electronic tools
organization maintain or improve the they need to be more productive
quality of its products or services

A marketing information system serves

as a central repository for the tasks of
a marketing department
Page 730 17 Pages 730 – 731 18
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-12

Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Distribution systems perform the following • Customer interaction management (CIM)

functions: software manages the day-to-day interactions
with customers
Provide forecasting Manage and track
for inventory shipping of
control products

Provide information
and analysis on
inventory in a
warehouse
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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-13

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Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

• The information technology (IT) department makes • General purpose information systems generally
technology decisions for the enterprise fall into one of five categories
– Whether to build or buy new information systems
– When a computer or information system has outlived its useful Office Transaction Management
life Information Processing Information
System System System
• Web site management programs collect data designed to
help organizations make informed decisions regarding
their Web presence Decision
Support Expert System
System

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing Management Information System Decision Support System

Page 733 23 Pages 734 – 735 24

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-14 Figures 14-15 – 14-16

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Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

Integrated Information Systems

Customer relationship
Enterprise resource
management manages Content management
planning provides
information about systems are
centralized, integrated
customers, information systems
software to help
interactions with that combine
manage and
customers, past databases, software,
coordinate ongoing
purchases, and and procedures
activities
interests

Page 736 25 Pages 737 - 739 26

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-17

Information Systems in the Enterprise Information Systems in the Enterprise

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Figure 14-18 Figure 14-19

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Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Enterprise-Wide Technologies and

Methodologies Methodologies
• Some technologies used in enterprises include: • A portal is a collection of links, content, and
services presented on a Web page that are
Electronic
Portals
Data
warehouses
data interesting for a particular job function
interchange

Document
Extranets Web services management
systems

Virtual
Workflow private
networks

Page 740 29 Pages 740 – 741 30

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-20

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Enterprise-Wide Technologies and

Methodologies Methodologies
• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores
and manages the data required to analyze EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer
historical and current transactions of business data and information among
computers both within and among enterprises

An extranet is the portion of a company’s network

that allows customers or suppliers of a company to
access parts of an enterprise’s intranet

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-21

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Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Enterprise-Wide Technologies and

Methodologies Methodologies
• Web services allow businesses to create products • In a service-oriented architecture, information
and B2B interactions over the Internet systems provide services to other information
systems in a well-defined manner over a network
• A document management system (DMS) allows
for storage and management of a company’s
documents
– Stored in a repository

Pages 742 – 743 33 Page 743 34

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-22

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Enterprise-Wide Technologies and

Methodologies Methodologies
• A workflow is a defined process that identifies the • A virtual private network (VPN) provides mobile
specific set of steps involved in completing a users, vendors, and customers with a secure
particular project or business process connection to the company network server
– Workflow application

Page 744 35 Pages 744 – 745 36

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-23 Figure 14-24

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Virtualization and Cloud Computing Virtualization and Cloud Computing

• Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling

Cloud computing is an
computing resources Internet service that
provides computing
Server • Provides the capability to divide a
physical server logically into many
needs to computer
users
virtualization virtual servers
Grid computing combines
many servers and/or personal
Storage • Provides the capability to create a
single logical storage device from computers on a network to act
virtualization many physical storage devices as one large computer

Pages 745 - 746 37 Page 746 38

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14

E-Commerce Enterprise Hardware

• Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to

manage and store information and data using
devices geared for:
– Heavy use
– Maximum availability
– Maximum efficiency
• RAID duplicates data and
implements duplication
in different ways

Page 747 39 Pages 748 – 749 40

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-25 Figure 14-27

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Enterprise Hardware Enterprise Hardware

• Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that • A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed
provides storage to users and information systems network that provides storage to other servers to
attached to the network which it is attached

Page 749 41 Page 749 42

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-28a Figure 14-28b

Enterprise Hardware Enterprise Hardware

• An enterprise storage • A blade server packs a

system is a strategy that complete computer
focuses on the server on a single card
availability, protection, (called a blade) rather
organization, and than a system unit
backup of storage in a • The individual blades
company insert in a blade server
• Goal is to consolidate chassis
storage

Page 750 43 Page 751 44

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-29 Figure 14-30

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High Availability, Scalability,

Enterprise Hardware and Interoperability
• A thin client is a small terminal-like computer that • A high-availability system continues running and
mostly relies on a server for data storage and performing tasks for at least 99 percent of the
processing time
• The processing for a thin client usually is done on – May include hot-swapping
a server and redundant components
• When a component fails, another
component takes over and the
system continues to function

Page 752 45 Pages 752 – 753 46

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-31 Figure 14-32

High Availability, Scalability,

and Interoperability
Backup Procedures

• Scalability is a measure • Interoperability is the

of how well computer ability for an
hardware, software, or information system to
an information system share information with
can grow to meet other information
increasing performance systems within an
demands enterprise

Page 753 47 Page 754 48

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-33

12
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Backup Procedures Backup Procedures

• Continuous data protection provides automatic • A disaster recovery plan is a written plan describing the
data backup whenever data is changed in an steps a company would take to restore computer
enterprise operations in the event of a disaster
• Contains four major components

Emergency Backup Recovery

Test plan
plan plan plan

Pages 754 – 755 49 Pages 755 - 756 50

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 14
Figure 14-34

Video: A Tour of Lucasfilm Data Center Summary

Special computing
Various types of
requirements present Large information
users within an
in an enterprise-sized systems
organization
organization

Benefits of Backup procedures

Requirements for
virtualization and present in a large
enterprise hardware
cloud computing organization

CLICK TO START

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Chapter 14
Enterprise Computing

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 14 Complete

14