3 — BE Lesson | 5 WR OL Text te oF Hello — \ A: NI hio ! te IF! Hello, | | B: NT hao ! | te 31 | | |Hz Pil Vocabulary 1. 4K (iy nt you (sing.) 2, iF (3B) hyo good; well fines nice: O.K, =. TE FE Notes “URE? Hello, (Also: Good morning/afternoon/evening. On How do you do?) AVE RAM, ARS L NE, EASA DAF, Sw a te a” “gee” is a common greeting. It can be used any time (i.e., in the morning, in the afternoon or in the evening) on meeting someone or on being introduced. The response to it is also“ fiz”. =. HF Phonetics (—) SH Initials a@tal h (=) Mi Finals aoelud ao (=) BW The tones 2 beo eX m—fe (ist tone), 55 . jg (2nd tone) 35 (3rd tone) 214 spyuae (Ath tone) 51 @ 8 Tonal modification—third econd tone tone-*s nt hao (ni-_-ho) 2 G) HM Syllables ww 8; sed? 0B 8 by doen’ yw won ya ya yo yd ao ta la ha dit te Sat nat dit on dao tao nao lao hao Gs) HEB Essentials of pronunciation BLADES HH HH 400% 18 OG, MERAY A hs BE ESB AAR There are over four hundred basic syllables in “Plitong- hua” (Common Speech), the standard pronunciation of modern Chinese, A Chinese syllable usually consists of an initial, a final and a tone, ERE MA) AS, EE DE FH MB 2 18D FRE, An initial is a consonant, which occurs only as the beginning sound of a syllable, In Common Speech there are twenty-one initials,fos: DAR A 98 HL, TY A joke BL BL 7 A oh sa in BSF oa UMM ADR. A final is an initial preceding it or occurs om its own , simple) vowel, o vowel glide (diph. a vowel, which either forms a syllable with asa syllable, It may be a pure (i.e, thong or triphthong), vowel (either simple or com: Altogether there are thirty-eight finals in Common Speech, which are accordingly classified into three types: simple finals, compound finals and nasal finals. SLEUTH TRIB Sy BN OO I SOS (eA. RAE, FARRAR ~*~ Bea MGR REEET EL, Glin htc, HHI LA, | LA SH, Pliant. The tone, capable of distinguishing meaning, is an integral part of a syllable, The standard Chinese pronun- ciation is characterized by the use of four tones, repre- sented respectively by the marks “-” (the first tone), “7” (the second tone), “v” (the third tone) and “\” (the fourth tone), The tone mark of a syllable is placed right above when the final is a compound one, above or a nasal vowel composed of a plex) and a nasal consonant, the vowel or, the principal vowel—the one pronounced with the lips wider or widest open and with greater or the greatest prominence (loudness and length), e.g.» “ho”; when the tone mark happens to fall on“ 1”, it replaces the dot, as in “nt”, waRaH PEON ATUL RA MRA LR AEB I, 1 4ig BRF « WA SAME BH CFE FR” hur) B— page RF nese syllable can go without an initial, but no Jable will do without a final or a tone, In writing, a 7 its is normally represented by one Chinese character ee articular meaning unless it is retroflexed; a retro- x ‘A Chin for @ P : Fistl yllable may be recorded in two characters, with aa” representing the retroflex “r”, eg, “huar 7652” (flower). 1, 88 Initials d (tl tl 2-HaRPHEE, BIRT RD. CA HERE He, Bd, MUCH ARRAS; te, Tw @,ARERE. @[t) and t [t']: These are a pair of voiceless blade-alveolar plosive consonants, They are articulated in much the same manner except that in pronouncing “d” the air stream is rather weak so that the plosion is unas- pirated, whereas the exhalation in the case of “t” is more forceful and is released with a stronger puff so that the plosion is aspirated, 2, a} Finals ¢ [VJREHG. ER FORCE RoR, SLRS, OF 1 ELS ek 8 9 He A BA BOT Bc FS ely]: This simple final is a back, half-close (with the tongue held in the mid-high position), unrounded vowel, It can be obtained by holding the tongue and lips at the position of “o” (but no sound should be uttered at this point) and then spreading the lips and pronouncing 5the sound with the tongue remaining at the “o” Position, ao [au] Sem, (ci o Fo FE RG MTN a Be QM, RMN o BAGH SALT o Mu ZI, ao [au]: This compound final is acquired by starting to pronounce “a” and then allowing it to glide naturally toward “o”; “a” is pronounced loud and long, and “o” shorter and less distinctly with the tongue raised between the pape of “o” and that of “u” . 83) Tonal modification—third tone-second tone uancesa?. WB R= RRR, ant hao HURPR SE nf hao CHEER, (VBL nt hao), A third tone, when followed by another third tone in an unbroken utterance, changes to the second tone (but the change is not to be indicated in written denotation), Thus, “ni ho” becomes “ni hao” when actually spoken, (+5) DPR Spelling rules 1, AFI MRAM R, Bm yi, When “i” forms a syllable by itself Gi,e,, without an initial), it is spelled “yi”, 2, WS u AT AR EE RE, ay wo, When occurring as a syllable by itself, “u” is spelled “wu”, 8. AE U ATT Ea EO PR, eR yuu ERB, See fin, VAR DREE. 25H nu, lu, UL RAR AEA, When “u” forms a syllable without an initial, it is spelled “yu”, with the diacritical mark (*") omitted; when “u” is preceded by the initial “n” or the initial “I”, the omission of the two dots is not allowed (hence “nu” and 6*y")— BRB Exercises (-) HEH Pronunciation drills 1, #8 Read the syllables, da — ta dao—tao qt —tt i — th néo—lgo ni — nd i — 1 nd—nd i — nd da — da di —at ta— ta tt.—-t dG — da ta— to lg —a ho — ha a—d nt p—a, Cp ma— nse Sh — hg dao—ddo téo— 30. Ig0-—I0. ho —hgo 2, HRB Look and say: MM (2) ees § goose ‘yet yo fish hhéiSo walnuts Opbew Ap02¥