Name: Angelica Deza

Year& Section: BSED-2A

Module 2

Unit 1

SELF- ASSESSMENT EXERCISE

Describe the syllable structure in your indigenous language.

 Since my indigenous language is Bisaya, I’ve always thought

how it is instructed and where did our dialect came from. It is
said that our dialect- Ethnologies identifies several dialects of
Cebuano, namely, Cebu, Boholano, Leyte and Mindanao Visayan
and our sound system is Malayo-Polynesian Language, is
covered as Austronesian Language of the Philippines.
 Cebuano has three vowel phonemes while consonants has
sixteen consonant phonemes, all of this phonemes make the
sound different by its sound, stress and how the word is
delivered.

6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

i. What do you understand by phono-graphology?

 According to Halliday, the substance is the material of
language: ‘phonic’ (audible noises) or ‘graphic’ (visible marks),
hence phono-graphology is the organization of substance into
meaningful events. The context relates the form to non-
linguistic features of the situation in which language operates
to yield extra-textual features. In addition to this I think it is
the combination of both the visual and hearing, what you see
and hear. A combination of Phonology and graphology wherein
both of them have special significance in speech and writing.
ii. What features are significant in a phono-graphological
analysis?
 The features that are significant in phono-graphological
analysis are semantics, syntax, phonology and graphology.

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Name: Angelica Deza
Year& Section: BSED-2A

iii. Do a phono-graphological analysis of the following text:

iv. Elesin: Words are cheap. ‘We know you for

A man of honour. Well tell me, is this how A
man of honour should be seen? Are these
not the same clothes in which I came among
you a full half-hour ago?

Iyaloja: Richly, richly, robe him

richly The cloth of honour is alari
Sanyan is the band of friendship Boa-
skin makes slippers of esteem.
(Death and the King’s Horseman pp. 16-17)

Phono-graphological analysis
As I have observed, there are punctuations in each excerpt-
punctuation like comma, apostrophe, question mark and period; each
punctuations indicates pause, stop and question mark for a question.
Every line starts with a capital letter and the spellings are correct, there
is also a British touch in a line like “Honour” instead of using the
American English “honor”. Rhyming of words is also present for
examble the “Richly, richly, robe him richly” “The cloth of honour is
alari”. Stress is important because it gives importance and emphasis to
each syllables.

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Name: Angelica Deza
Year& Section: BSED-2A

Unit 2

6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

i. What does language description at the lexico-semantic level

entail?
 Lexacal semantics as a subfield of linguistic semantics, is a
study of words meaning. It includes the study of how words
structure their meaning, how they act in grammar and
compositionality, and the relationships between the distinct
senses and uses of a word.
ii. Undertake a lexico-semantic analysis of the following:

Iyaloja: Richly, richly, robe him richly

The cloth of honour is alari Sanyan

is the band of friendship Boa-skin
makes slippers of esteem.
(Death and the King’s Horeseman p. 17)

Lexico-semantic analysis
The word Richly was repeatedly mentioned in the first line which could
mean extravagant, expensive or luxurious. The person who was
describe in the poem was covered with a high value clothes which
means that he is extremely rich. The word honour was spelled in the
British English which means reputation, credit and glory. I think the
writer wanted to let the reader know that the character in the poem
was rich and honorable, cloth of honor, band of friendships, slippers of
esteem.

iii. Distinguish between denotation and connotation.

 Detonation is the literal meaning of the word and differs from

the feelings or concepts that the word suggests while
connotation is the extension meaning of the word. It is an idea
or an emotion that the word invokes in addition to its literal
meaning.

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Name: Angelica Deza
Year& Section: BSED-2A

iv. What are lexical relations? Mention and explain some of them.
 Connecting individual items to other items in systematic way is
one of means to look at vocabulary through the use of primitive
semantic relations such as synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, and
hypernyms.

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Name: Angelica M. Deza
Year&Section: BSED-3A
Subject: Elective II

UNIT 3

SELF- ASSESSMENT EXERCISE

Give three examples each of simple, compound and complex sentences.

 Simple sentence: Mia is missing
 Compound sentence: Lea is dancing while Leo is singing
 Complex sentence: Because the sun is too bright, I used sun blocked.

6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

i. What are the grammatical units relevant to a stylistic analysis at the
syntactic level?
 The main parts of grammatical units relevant to a stylistic analysis at the
syntactic level are clauses, phrases, groups, words or morphemes.
ii. Mention and explain the elements of the English clause.
 A clause is higher in rank than a group. It may be defined as a group of
grammatically coherent words with a subject and a finite verb. Subject of a
clause is the topic, verb expresses meaning such as action, sensation and
states of being- it tells you what the subject is doing. Object of the clause
is who or what is the recipient of object. Complement give extra
information about the subject or object.
iii. What is the structure of the English Nominal Group?
 The English Nominal group are composed of nouns, adjectives, numerals
and determiners.
iv. Undertake a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features of any text of your
choice.

“Now is the winter of our discontent

Made glorious summer by this sun of York”
-Shakespeare’s Richard III

Stylistic Analysis
The play is written in a poetic blank verse the is unrhymed, iambic pentameters. The
stresses fall as follows:

Now /i/s the w/i/nter of our d/i/scont/e/nt

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Name: Angelica M. Deza
Year&Section: BSED-3A
Subject: Elective II

The first line is built on a metaphor and the condition of England is described as winter
and the term “our” is a form of the royal “we” in addition to this the metaphor extended
into the second line which says that the sun is causing summer but the “sum” is also a
pin on the term “son” and “York” is a metonymic reference to the Duke of York.

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Name: Angelica M. Deza
Year&Section: BSED-3A
Subject: Elective II

UNIT 4
SELF- ASSESSMENT EXERCISE

Explain the parallelism in “To err is human, to forgive is divine.”

 To err is human, to forgive is divine.

Inf LV Adj. Inf LV Adj

6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

i. What do you understand by cohesion and coherence?
Cohesion is a term in functional grammar that relates to how texts (words and
sentences) are held together lexically and grammatically as a whole while
Coherence manifests in discourse by the extent to which a particular instance of
language use matches a shared knowledge of conventions as to how illocutionary
acts are related to form large units of discourse so that means that coherence and
cohesion is a team that allow the sentence to unify and give relevance to the
sentence.

ii. Analyse the following passage in terms of its cohesion and coherence.

Akpan: Do you mind a piece of advice?

Udoh: I don’t mind any.
Akpan: Are you listening?
Udoh: Yes, I am.
Akpan: The only solution to the problem is National Conference. I said that
because every group would say its mind and give its condition and terms
for staying together. (Osisanwo, 2003: 30).

In the passage above, I believe that both cohesion and coherence is present for it
complements each other making the passage understandable and comprehensible. The
conversation is connecting and addressing each other. In achieving cohesiveness, in the
passage Akpan said “Do you mind a piece of advice?” which means “you” is referred to
Udoh so it is referential cohesion. Next is conjunction cohesion” because” in which he
used to convey the argument then substitution is presented through Akpan replying to
the first passage saying “I don’t mind any.” Which is “advice” was replaced by “any”.

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 Name: Angelica M. Deza
Year&Section: BSED-3A
Subject: Elective II

UNIT 5

6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

i. What is foregrounding?
 Foregrounding is a popular concept in stylistics, especially in the analysis of the
language of poetry. It refers to the concept of making certain features
prominent in a text. Some linguistic features can be made prominent for special
effects against the background features in a text.
ii. Identify and discuss the foregrounded items in the following:
a. This is 9ja talk, my mobile line.
 It can hook the reader’s attention because the chosen word and style. I believe
the foreground is 9ja talk.

b. Please note that lecture attendance is compulsory if you

want to pass.
 Attendance and compulsory is the foreground since it is bold and emphasized in
the sentence.

c. Let us unravel the meaning of Lilliput in Gulliver’s Travels

together.
 Gulliver’s Travel is the foreground since it is underlined which made the phrase
stand out.

d. On JUNE 12 I stand.
 June 12 is the foreground in the text because it is written in all caps which could
mean that it is being emphasize to make someone remember.
e. Read your Bible and pray every day.
 I believe that the word Bible is the foreground for we all know about its
existence.
iii. What do you think is the importance of foregrounding in any text?
 Foregrounding is important in any text because it serves as a clue or an
indicator of what the author wants to emphasize in a text.