0% found this document useful (0 votes)
141 views3 pages

Holiday Homework: Reading Comprehension Set

1. The passage describes life in the small village of Florida, Missouri in 1835 through the eyes of Mark Twain. 2. It details the primitive conditions people lived in, with most homes made of logs and lacking modern amenities. 3. The local church served also as the school, with a dirt floor that allowed small items to fall through cracks and hogs sleeping underneath. 4. Everything was very cheap at the time, with food, goods and services costing a fraction of present-day prices in Connecticut as described by Twain.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
141 views3 pages

Holiday Homework: Reading Comprehension Set

1. The passage describes life in the small village of Florida, Missouri in 1835 through the eyes of Mark Twain. 2. It details the primitive conditions people lived in, with most homes made of logs and lacking modern amenities. 3. The local church served also as the school, with a dirt floor that allowed small items to fall through cracks and hogs sleeping underneath. 4. Everything was very cheap at the time, with food, goods and services costing a fraction of present-day prices in Connecticut as described by Twain.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1

Holiday Homework-SET -1

Reading Section

UNSEEN PASSAGE- PRACTICE SET -1

I. Read the passage given below

1. I was born on 30th of November, 1835,in the almost invisible village of Florida, Monroe
County, Missouri, I suppose Florida had less than three hundred inhabitants. It had two streets,
each a couple of hundred yards long; the rest of the avenues mere lanes, with rail fences and
cornfields on either side. Both the streets and the lanes were paved with the same material-tough
black mud in wet times, deep dust in dry.

2. Most of the houses were of logs-all of them, indeed, except three or four; these latter were
frame ones. There were none of brick, and none of stone. There was a log church, with a
puncheon floor and slab benches. A puncheon floor is made of logs whose upper surfaces have
been chipped flat with the adz. The cracks between the logs were not filled; there was no carpet;
consequently, if you dropped anything smaller than a peach, it was likely to go through. The
church was perched upon short sections of logs, which elevated it two or three feet from the
ground. Hogs slept under there, and whenever the dogs got after them during services, the
minister had to wait till the disturbance was over. In winter there was always a refreshing
breeze up through the puncheon floor; in summer there were fleas enough for all.

3 A slab bench is made of the outside cut of a saw-log, with the bark side down; it is supported
on four sticks driven into auger holes at the ends; it has no back and no cushions. The church was
twilighted with yellow tallow candles in tin sconces hung against the walls. Week days, the
church was a schoolhouse.

4 There were two stores in the village. My uncle, John A. Quarles, was proprietor of one of them.
It was a very small establishment, with a few rolls of "bit" calicoes on half a dozen shelves; a
few barrels of salt mackerel, coffee, and New Orleans sugar behind the counter; stacks of
brooms, hovels, axes, hoes, rakes, and such things here and there; a lot of cheap hats, bonnets,
and tin ware strung on strings and suspended from the walls; and at the other end of the room
was another counter with bag of hot on it, a cheese or two, and a keg of powder; in front of it a
row of nail kegs and a few pigs of lead, and behind it a barrel or two of New Orleans molasses
and native corn whisky on top. If a boy bought five or ten cents' worth of anything, he was
entitled to half a handful of sugar from the barrel; if a woman bought a few yards of calico she
was entitled to a spool of thread in addition to the usual gratis "trimmin's"; if a man bought a
trifle, he was at liberty to draw and swallow as big a drink of whisky as he wanted.

5 Everything was cheap: apples, peaches, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, and com, ten cents a
bushel; chickens, ten cents a piece; butter, six cents a pound; eggs, three cents a dozen; coffee
and sugar, five cents a pound; whisky ten cents a gallon. I do not know how prices are out there
in interior Missouri now, but I know what they are here in Hartford, Connecticut. To wit: apples,
three dollars a bushel; peaches, five dollars; Irish potatoes (choice Bermuda’s), five dollars;
2

chickens, a dollar to a dollar and a half apiece, according to weight; butter, forty-five to sixty
cents a pound . [An Excerpt from Mark Twain s Autobiography]

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.
(a) Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate ending.
Both the streets and lanes of Florida in 1835 were paved with ________________________
(i) Tough black tar in wet times and dry black tar in dry times
(ii) Tough coats of tar in wetter places and dry pack mud in drier places
(ii) Tough black mud in wet times and dry dust in dry times
(iv) Toughening of black mud for wet days and dry dust sprayed for dry days

(b) Comment on the economic condition of people from the description of their homes.

(c) List two unique aspects of the church building.

(d) Select the word in the text that is the opposite of 'elevated.
(i) Powered (ii) deflated (iii) demeaned (iv) demented

(e) With which statement given below would the writer not agree?
(i) Hogs would sometimes enter the church when the service was ongoing and the minister
would stop to let them out.
(ii) Dogs would get after the hogs during the service and the minister would have to stop till the
ruckus subsided.
(iii) The hogs resided with the dogs below the church level.
(iv) The minister's dogs would get after the hog owners during the service and make the minister
stop his service.

(f) Based on your understanding, why do you think there was no separate schoolhouse and
lessons were held in church during weekdays?

(g) What were the bonus items for purchases made by customers?
(i) Women buying calico. (ii) Boy spending five to ten cents.
(iii) Men who bought a trifle. (iv) Men buying calico

(h) Complete the sentence with the appropriate inference with respect to the following.
'Prices were cheap I do not know how prices are out there in interior Missouri now.'

(i) How can the conditions described in the passage be described?


(i) meagre (ii) self-sufficient (iii) basic (iv) poverty- stricken

(j) Select the most appropriate title for the passage from the list below.
(i) Historical Price Index by Mark Twain (ii) Life in Nineteenth Century America
(ii) Mark Twain's Autobiography (iv) Mark Twain's Florida Days

LITERATURE SECTION
3

The LAST LESSON

-Alphonse Daudet
Story in brief -

The story is narrated by a French boy, Franz. He is lazy but sensitive and likes to play. He dislikes
studying French and hates his teacher M. Hamel.

After overpowering their districts of Alsace and Lorraine in France, Berlin has ordered that German
language instead of French be taught in the schools there.

It is the last day of their French teacher M. Hamel, who has been there for forty years. He is full of grief,
nostalgia and patriotism. As a mark of respect to his hard work, the village men also attend his ‘last
lesson’. They are sad as they did not learn their mother tongue, French in their childhood.

Franz is shocked to know that it’s his last lesson, as he does not know French. Now, suddenly, he gets
interested in learning it and understands everything taught on that day!

He develops an instant liking for the teacher, M. Hamel and respects him for his sincerity and hard
work.

He feels sad at departing from him and is ashamed for not being able to recite the lesson of participles.

M. Hamel tells them that they all are at fault for not being eager enough to learn, putting it off to the
next day. He blames himself for not teaching them sincerely.

His patriotism is reflected in his praise for the French language as being the most beautiful and most
logical language in the world. He tells the class to guard their language as being close to one’s language
is the key to escape from the prison of slavery. It will help them in getting free from the Germans.

They realize the importance of learning their mother tongue and that they have been defeated by the
Germans because of their illiteracy.

Franz feels that it is not possible to take away one’s language from a person as it is natural to each
being, may it be the “coo” to the pigeons or “French” to the Frenchmen

 Note down the summary in your homework copy and give your personal review (or what
did you learn from the chapter) in not less than 50 words

 What changes did the narrator find in the school when the order from Berlin came?

Common questions

Powered by AI

The church in the village of Florida served not only as a place of worship but also as a community center, highlighting its socio-cultural importance . Functioning as a schoolhouse during weekdays, it underscores the dual role it played in education and religion, serving as a hub of community life where societal interactions were anchored . The structural simplicity, including its use of tallow candles and the lack of modern amenities, points to a community heavily reliant on shared spaces for both religious practices and educational needs, reflecting its pivotal role in community cohesion .

Mark Twain contrasts past Missouri prices with contemporary Hartford pricing to highlight economic change and perhaps to express apprehension about the consequences of economic development . The juxtaposition serves as a commentary on how increased demand, urbanization, and economic expansion in cities lead to inflation and greater economic disparity . Twain's depiction suggests a nostalgic reflection on the relatively simple, economical rural life that is being overshadowed by the complexities and higher cost of living in more developed regions . This could imply his awareness of and ambivalence about economic progress that brings both advantages and socio-economic challenges .

The Berlin order mandating the shift from French to German language instruction in Alsace and Lorraine profoundly affected the local community's identity, as illustrated in 'The Last Lesson' . This enforced linguistic change represented not only political subjugation but also an erosion of cultural identity, as language is a key component of cultural heritage . Characters like Franz and the villagers came to realize that their linguistic heritage was tied to their sense of self and community, as evident from their collective regret and M. Hamel's fervent patriotism . The imposition of German was a symbolic act of domination, aiming to dilute their French identity, thus making them perceive language as a fortress for cultural preservation and resistance .

The trading practices described in the passage, such as offering buyers bonus items like sugar or whisky for small purchases, suggest a community-centric and customer-friendly approach to commerce . This indicates a personal connection between traders and consumers, where transactions extended beyond basic financial exchanges to foster communal relationships . Moreover, such practices reflect an economy that relied heavily on barter-like incentives, possibly due to a low cash circulating environment, illustrating informal economic networks that were essential for community sustenance .

The church's physical structure and condition mirrored Florida's broader community values and lifestyle, emphasizing simplicity, practicality, and communal utility . Its construction from logs, devoid of carpets or filled cracks, highlighted financial constraints and an adaptation to available resources . The dual role as a church and school underscored the community’s prioritization of multifunctional spaces and education despite limited resources, signifying a value system centered around communal support and resourcefulness . Its modest nature, illuminated by tallow candles, showed a communal resilience and contentment with minimalistic living, aligned with the community's socio-economic realities .

In 'The Last Lesson', the relationship between language and freedom is profoundly depicted through M. Hamel’s speech about the French language being a key to liberation from German rule . Language is portrayed as an intrinsic part of national identity and cultural autonomy; losing it is akin to losing one's self and history . M. Hamel equates linguistic competence with empowerment and resistance, suggesting that retaining their mother tongue is a genetic barrier against cultural and political subjugation . This reflects the broader theme of linguistic imperialism, where the imposition of a new language by the Germans is seen as an attempt to dominate and erase cultural identity, thus underscoring the inextricable link between language, identity, and freedom .

Mark Twain’s comparison of commodity prices between Missouri and Hartford underscores significant regional economic disparities characteristic of 19th-century America . Missouri, with its inexpensive commodities like ten-cent bushels of apples, suggests a rural, agrarian economy with lower living costs and possibly lower wealth accumulation . Conversely, Hartford's higher prices, three dollars for similarly measured goods, reflect urban economic growth, indicating a developed market structure with higher demand and purchasing power . This price disparity is indicative of differential access to resources, industrial advancement, and the economic shifts from rural to urban centers that were prevalent during Twain's time .

After the Berlin order, Franz noticed significant changes in the school environment, as depicted in 'The Last Lesson' . There was an atmosphere of somberness and finality as it became evident that it was M. Hamel's last lesson and also the last time French would be taught in their school . Franz observed the unusual presence of village elders, who had come to show respect and solidarity, marking the occasion's gravity . The usual school noises were replaced by silence, reflecting a collective sense of loss and realization among the students and villagers of the value and identity embedded in their native language .

The detailed description of Florida village in 1835 indicates a rudimentary lifestyle with limited economic resources. The village had only about three hundred inhabitants with basic infrastructure, consisting mostly of log houses and two main streets paved with tough black mud when wet, and deep dust when dry . The buildings, including the church with its puncheon floor and slab benches, were simple and modest. This reflects a community largely engaged in subsistence living, lacking the wealth for more solid brick or stone constructions, indicative of a lower economic status .

The stark contrast in the commodity prices between interior Missouri and Hartford, Connecticut as illustrated by Mark Twain, highlights broader economic trends such as urbanization and regional economic disparity . In Missouri, commodities like apples and potatoes were priced at just ten cents a bushel, indicating a locality with cheaper living costs possibly due to lower demand and lesser economic growth . In contrast, in Hartford, similar goods were priced significantly higher (e.g., apples at three dollars a bushel), pointing to a more developed economy with increased demand and thus soaring prices . This differential reflects industrial development, transportation costs, and market accessibility affecting pricing, characteristic of economic transition in 19th-century America.

You might also like