A) Chronic infection
B) Detrusor instabiltiy
C) Ectopic insertion of ureter in the vaginal wall
D) Flaccid neurogenic bladder
E) Increased vesicourethral angle
d
A) Closure of the ductus arteriosus
B) Decrease in coronary artery perfusion
C) Decrease in periphral vascular resistance
D) Decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance
E) Increase in periphral vascular resistance
F) Increase In pulmonary vascular resistance
G) Opening of the ductus arteriosus
H) Right to left shunting across the ductus arteriosus
A) Cardiac adenosine receptors F) Central cholinergic receptors
B) Cardiac ȕ1-adrenergic receptors G) Periphral Į1-adrenergic receptors
C) Cardiac cholinergic receptors H) Peripheral ȕ1-adrenergic receptors
D) Central Į1-adrenergic receptors I) Peripheral ȕ2-adrenergic receptors
E) Central Į2-adrenergic receptors J) Peripheral muscarinic receptors
A) Atrial septal defect
B) Complete atrioventricular block
C) Endocarditis
D) Supraventricular tachycardia
E) Ventricular septal defect
A) Diabetic ketoacidosis
B) Excessive loss of bicarbonate
C) Exogenous ingestion of an organic acid
0) Inadequate respiratory effort
E) Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
A) Breathing into a paper bag
B) Sublingual administration of digoxin
C) Administration of nebulized albuterol
D) Intravenous Administration of lorazepam
E) Intravenous Administration of methylpredrnsolone
A) Aortic stenosis
B) Atrial septal defect
C) coerctation of the aorta
D) Patent ductus artenosus
E) Tetralogy of Fallot
F) Transpostion of the great arteries
G) Truncus arteriosus
H) Ventricular septal defect
A) Behcet syndrome
B) Cellulitis
C) Chronic venous insufficiency
D) Lymphangitis
E) Ruptured popliteal cyst
F) Superficial thrombophlebitis
G) Thromboangiitis obliterans
H) Varicose veins
A) Increased conversion of T4 to T3
B) Increased iodination of thyroid hormone precursor
C) Increased sensitivity to TSH
D) Increased synthesis of thyroglobulin
E) Release of preformed thyroid hormone
A) Increase his intake of fluids
B) Increase his intake of potassium
C) Restrict his intake of calories
D) Restrict his intake of phosphorus
E) Begin monthly injections of vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
A) Adrenocortical tumor
B) Aldosteronoma
C) Intrarenal arteriolar nephrosclerosis
D) Pheochromocytoma
E) Renovascular hypertension
A) Diverticulitis
B) Endometriosis
C) Ischemic colitis
D) Rectal cancer
E) Ulcerative colitis
A) Brain tumor
B) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
C) Head trauma
D) Hypertension
E) Subdural hematoma
A) Bartholin gland abscess
B) Chlamydia trachomatis infection
C) Interstitial nephritis
D) Pseudomonal urinary tract infection
E) Pyelonephritis
F) Urethral diverticulum
A) Congenital hypothyroidism
B) Down syndrome
C) Gonadal dysgenesis turner syndrome
D) Noonan syndrome
E) Seminiferous tubules dysgenesis (Klinefelter syndrome)
A) "Circumcision cannot be done without the consent of your parents."
B) "Circumcision should only be done for religious reasons."
C) "Circumcision will enhance your sexual pleasure."
D) "Circumcision will reduce your risk of urinary tract infections."
E) "Only newborns can be circumcised."
A) Central defect in thirst regulation
B) Impairment in the production of antidiuretic hormone
C) Osmotic diuresis due to high-protein diet
D) Osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemia
E) Resistance of kidneys to ADH (vasopressin)
A) Acute myocardial infarction
B) Aortic dissection
C) Cardiac tamponade
D) Pulmonary embolism
E) Sepsis
A) Congestive heart failure
B) Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
C) Pericarditis
D) Upper respiratory tract infection
E) Ventricular septal defect
A) Acute respiratory failure only
B) Chronic respiratory failure
C) Chronic respiratory failure with an acute exacerbation
D) Metabolic acidosis
E) Metabolic alkalosis
A) Azygos lobe
B) Neuroblastoma
C) Right upper lobe atelectasis
D) Right upper lobe pneumonia
E) Teratomaa
F) Normal thymus
A) Carotid duplex ultrasonography
B) EEG
C) Transcranial doppler ultrasonography
D) Transesophageal echocardiography
E) Angiography
A) Thyroid function tests
B) CT scan of the neck
C) I–131 scintigraphy
D) Direct laryngoscopy
E) Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
A) Acute proctitis
B) Acute pyelonephritis
C) Adverse effect of sildenafil
D) Diabetic nephropathy
E) Postrenal obstructive uropathy
A) Decreased concentrations of platelet-activating factor
B) Impaired platelet production
C) Increased acetylation of platelets by the spleen
D) Loss of an inhibitory mechanism for platelet aggregation
E) Presence of antiplatelet lgG antibodies