Safe Rigging Handbook

SAFE RIGGING > HANDBOOKTekfen Construction & Installation Cone Tota Quality Management 1. UFTING Af 1.1 Wire Ropes [Link] 13 Spbetic Web Sings. 14 Hooks 15 Shackles 18 EyeBolts 1,7 Ltting and Spresder Bears [Link]. 21 Single Verteal Hitch 22 Choker Hitch 23 Bacher Hien 24 Legs Brae Hitches 25 Enless ich 26 Eye ae Eye Hitch 27 Double Wrap Basket itch 28 Examples of Singing 3 APPENDICIES ‘apendi| Exampies lor Safe Working Las C ‘ppenda2Typeal Web and Rend Sbngs Ws Mode Markings -ependi3 Donsty of Matonais ‘Bppeedock Recomenenced Hand Signals For Grane 0 ‘ppendo-5 Ling / Raging Diclonary SAL and peraborsting accessories are a ows + Wire Ropes Chains + Symtnebe Web Sings Hooks #Shackes Eye bali + Liting end Spreader Beans [Link] Ropes ee ee | es Fe & ropes ae as follows: They ae roger: hough at ese wg mee ‘Ther strengths constant even in we and ly condone, ‘Tse togth does rot change in varios BEBE rrr siccucesot ee oper ope composed or 8rands wound line core. Each webbing i braded df ‘stn th ealicvres ron themed We copon me sed inthe dyn eh jpbsasseiht| palling and lead iting, The {8 12 means that each rope hac 8 trade and cach strand has 2 wires, The ay of manuactuing wre ropes is base on ths pine The Hasty ofa strand inereases wth berensed number of vite 1.12. Reasons for Weakening of Wire Ropes conor quay [Link] wea" to cecurin ope Twisting ofr 1.0 terperature, macure and acs. fa ropes cn one another arin reverse dela *Kisking + Overoasing, 1.1.3. Selection of Wire Ropes Insolcting are using a tee wire reps, the coning procenits shoud be censierea + Way of manutoturing 0 wire, nakeral ond epe core + Number of wis per stron ap winding rand + Maximus oadef ope adits caying the oad wth 3 conan salary coatonnt‘+ Robliy and fatgue resistance, ‘ Resstonce tokinkings 1 Resstance toimpacts, deformations and erushings 1.14. Inspection of Wire Ropes Frequent Inspection: Al sings shal b inspected bythe parson hancling the sing each dy hay are used. These veual checks shoud be cncermed with discovering gress darage, which may be an inenediate asad Distortion of rope inthe sling such as kinking. crushing unstranding, ‘ied cagig, mom strand displacement, or short rope lengths Uunevennges of outer elrands chould reve erdance tha the sing ar sings should be replaced Genaral ccrroson contion, number, dstibution, ard ype of vsble broken wares should also be considered in the mspection. Perit Inspection: reed inspection chai be performed by 2 designated persen al least anouely ad shal be recorded, No precise rules can be ghen fr determination ofthe exact me for replacement faire rope sting since mary voriable factors are solves Conations such asthe oliowings should be cuticientreacon tor replacement * Eve broken wires in ane strani on lay or en candy detnoutes broken wresin one ly. + equation mit vise broken wire 10% of otal tesin length of ght rope diameters + Severe localized abrasion oF raping * Kioking crushin, bird caging or anyother damage resting in distortion ofthe rope structure + Even of haat damage * End attachment ate cracked fore of worn tthe estan that he sieengthof the sling substantial affected + Severe corrosion af the rope or end attachments ‘ 4.1.6 Rope End Attachment lge Socket Connection ‘+ Rope i incarted into the socket by banding tin 1 Aveda placed in rope bend as shown inthe figure on side. “The rope ends pled #08 to ensure thal the wedge enters the gockat ard tanto the rope “Uap is rounted sich that beat a stance ol rope dametes tothe socket and cope dameterst the rope end. ‘+ Rope sockets reounte by lacing the U bis of ‘the clamp ina manner that hey wl not be a the rope end. U bol clamps must never face tothe rope er. Cable Clip Connection + Hopes bent orm and clampedat a place ‘hooer tthe rope eng, ‘The eye pce of the rope scarred. + Other clams are ‘mounted such that thare wil bea dstance of rope diameters betaen bath end ames. eM,on dead a send of ope. Live ends rest in clip —=yAgVo sedi. As mone above, Ubi he we ‘lampe shouldbe ot the rope end —= amps must verte feet mate oe ecanede ameter are provided Diameter Number of Distance between, mm inch ips mm) (eis 2 2 eo ao 1 1 1.163. Interconnecting Two Ropes Never use any kao pt ety conact e atrsight lengths ot rope 11 necessary, se the cps orion eye bth tm in cach tong we | and connect s eras togethor 1.101 111.7. Maintenance and Lubrication of Steel Wire Ropes The stein tobe neice in maintanng stat wire ropes thatthe ropes are crrecty unwound rom sheaves. Since breoks and kinks reduce te ife-oce ofa wire rope such Beaks {26 kinks should be prevented If there sce possbity chang a sheave with tel wie rope unund ont a raat allow to eatery, ‘58 endo the wire rope cul be Fed at a groper lace and ‘heave shouldbe roated as rouch a5 requeed Vice rope sheaves should not be unwound by pulling fron wie ope (thei, breaks ocaur i the rope nen winding anew wire reps ogra wie rope shave or dur the ina nding every mportant. the windings oa ep are wound {oss fo one anotar regulary and igh, he subsequent rows reper tolow decensing onthe intel windrg rons A stepery ours rope Ni we las wae ord longer fe cemnpared te an property wend rope, Several fe and wires ofa rope have relate movements Thestrance + formes ty thin wresas well asthe wrest such strands rub against one another ducing lifting ae lowering othe aad since they mone eaninuously As resul f such uteing, nay atradc ore anther In order to prevent wer ef steal ropes, tend ther Lf and sua ther rusting the see ropes sould be lubrcatc. Lubrication sould be done swith aad brush appli on seo ropes, Beer Lubrication th seat rope shoud be cleared ta haed brush 1.2,chaing = Due tothe sructure, sins “cies” DUE Bs Ekecserar [Seaoe :Hardened chains ace curable. Furthermore, depending onthe characterises. a job the hgh strength sel chans ae also used, non chain ae net used propery, rusings. cracking, ears, steetchngs and bercings may our 1.2.1. Points tobe Notices in Handing Chains (Chairs should be selected depending en the characteris of jb or hich they are to be used and the weight f lad abe ted. Chain election ould te cone by ve competent tachneat sta quai ints fed 1.22. The Grades of Chain The grade number ofa chan stamged on opprosmatey every west ink or every eter. there sany daub as tothe ga ‘ating orf theres ro load tag ateched the a, € must be reqarced os the lowest grade that's Grode 0 1.2.3. inspection of Chains Allehairs uses for iting purposes shoul be inspected belore an ater sek shou also be nspectad very closely fr the dlecs every meth ‘he loleweng delet shou be acer in each pect + Stretching o- bending sary ink of mare han 10 percent Daraguainks ‘Deep rst, {+ Noks cut or gouges that rece the ink diameter by 1D percent * Cracks in ay lnk by sooking the chain na, caning the al of then using wth poder, racks wall appear asa dscolaraten: 3 ponder ried vth magnetic partcesand dist ent the chain wl so real crac ‘A numberof evil dots ie pean hammer mats tis is an indcaton af laique or werk hardening) + Wear nik seat in more than 10 percent of ink date Wels ceects an ary eer ink deteration, + Koattes chains kam sharp eds, Luke hooks, chains can alo be aye t detect some defects, Conatens suchas the above shouldbe authcent reas fr replacement. 11.2.4, Heat Damage Do rot expose a chin to temperatices greater than 240°C: Sale working leads nes tobe raducas wnen chars have baon exposed to such temperatures. When exposed to 80°C or greater, chain must be cordercrns 1.25. chain Usage + Nene exceed a chains safe working lead ‘Donat usea damage chai + ved shock-ossing chan tht, oang chain sudden + Demo ross, tw kink or krot chan, = Dorot top chai rom a aight Use pactirg on eas with sharp edges, + Use ony the correct sie and grade o chain. Donat wad or oeut * Hommortocks andpin ek iting maybe used te ater or repr eas, «Ensure that chain tings havea sale working laid equa oor more than the chain attaches * Dern use mi steel chain of less than nm hreter cr alloy tee chainal ese than 6m garnet. ‘+ Dorot lace te ins oa chan onthe load hook, but use a rng oF an attachenent for enampl. a chan shortened + Orly use chains witha sale working oad og 1.26, Storage Irspect eer chain regal, ad remowe damaged sections a replace thee chain Do rat repair or hammer chain, ae dot heat13. Syntetie Web Sings Sjethetic wo ng efor a number of acvantages fr gira purpoce ‘Thei relatne soles nd wth means tha they have much less tendency to mar or scratch fnly machine, Nighy posed o¢ painted surfaces and have les tendency to deformation, crush rage abects compara to fire rope, wire rope or chain sings. + Because o! tee lexBity shy tend io mad tenses to he shape of tos ‘They are not allected by moisture and certain chemicals ‘They donot ust ana thus do net stain emamertalpracactconerete or «Thay are non-sparking and can bw Usb safely io wxplosive atmosphere. 1 They minimize twisting and sping dring iting + Thei ight waaht permits ease of igang, her safiness prectudes hand cuts anit danger o! rarm Koma bump bya fre swinging is ‘They re elastic and stretch under lose mare than ther vie ropa or cain and are thus able to absorb heay shocks and cushion the load ‘Spthetic web lings are vatable na umber of configurations find application nthe industry: Endless or Grommet Sing - both ends cone peco of webbing are lapsed and sewn to forma conirwous piece Thay can be used as vertical tees, bride char, n choker arrangements oF as basket sings Because ood contact pints can be shied wan eer ft. wears crenydsrbuted and ling leis etende. ‘Standard Eye and Eye -wobbing acsornbied and sown form a fat body aig with an eye openings in the same plane a the ating body The ‘eyes may ether be full wab with or may be tapered by being folded and ‘am toa width narrower tha th Webbe wo “Twisted Eye ~ a eye and eye type wth sted erminations at both ends The ey operings ae a 90" the plane oth sling body. Ths configuration is alza available wih ether tullwth or tapered ees QOAW DERI rie wesoes MEE P obo Go ectoteayierecc Ceasa. Inspection at Synthotic We Schetc web sings must be aly nspcied etre each se Sing sal be remove rem sere # epactons revel 3) follwing detects Autstrgs raed capacty reatabe Aesth iiocachine Aci casticbirs SAMeting or caring eet a any pat ft 4 Snags. punctures, tears orcs S.B-oken acworn &.General wear stretch cortensie damage exceeding the sanulactcers standards TEspose” Core Worning” reco 1 Hooks: Hooks are one of the mcaly used type ol rigging harcore, They are ‘madi in many ifaren sic and chapes to mee! awe 9 agplicabons, They canbe attched to lon Hacks slings. and other ing ‘devices st a iting boss. Preferably, hooks shoud be emboesed wth the sze, rated eapacty and equnped with atchesleatnes SUDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEEEEOIE 1.4.1, Correct Use of Hooks: When the included angle is greater than 90°, use hckies to attach he sling leg tothe hook Using a shackle prevents the sings frm coming jute the Pook an the rated capacity of he hoa ror beng reduced \When using to sings placed in a hook ensure thatthe included angle between the shngsis not greater than 90 Degrees This prevnt ine slings Irom coming out othe hack and pevents pont loading which redices hock capacty (Fig. 25) 1 create an ureate condition Post loading can reduce hook capac 95 60%. [Fig 26always be stated oropriyn the The ang orig doi rust i ont al tw hook, Fg. 27} Inspect Ks Before use hooks ust be inspected ‘by 2 cermpetont person an rammed ror service when any ofthe or mar lonrg coraions exsts Crass nicks o 92098, ‘Twist exoacing 10 dagrees om plane of urbert hook. (Fig 28] hengagernnt damage or malncion oat opening exceeding 15% (Fg 781 Wear excoceing 10% of eriginal dmonsion. (Fig 28] + Darnage rom hast. + Unsuthorted pais Never repair alter, or reshape a hook by welding, heating buring or bending, unless approved bythe hook marulacturr. HAHShackle in nist bein shouldbe stated to the shackle boty Fs. 39) ud be inspected betore use to ensure that fred and must be aligned. co ana pn are not unduly worn in cae re than 10% [Link] in darneter, they must oe replaced mick fed angle: Because the copaciy ofthe yredced3 waa N 1A Eye Bolts fe Bats ae on alreadyinstalla in electric motos et, ut sti they owe to be checked aways fora sale woreng fas trp belore using ‘thom t ita ead. fee i no cate worig aad stamped onthe bo ot use and tin alternate means of singing the load There ate otypar of ee belts used Plain orshouldrtess eye bli: nly obe used fering at an angle, as swine af mare eng Ceattared ar Ranged eye bolts canbe use fo iting ata angle, a wth wor more stings. 1.5.1. Correct Use of Eye Bolts Irusing singe ee bl to it 3 oad, ue some means prevent the lead em tng ad the bot rom undoing Attach afer kage] tocontre tr oad. . De nati he Lad ary higher than is absolutley necessary ‘The correct method of aaching a sing wan ee baltic to use a shackle Never pas the singe through the eye and back to ne hoi. ‘otore using an oe bolo Ui a toad *Itmust be checked for defects, ‘crouse packed so that the eye bolt is srewed down sh wih packing o surtce + Ttmust be tured tothe deation ote pull. + The Sale Working Load [WL] shout be checked1.82. Inspection of Eye Belore use. ee boli must be inspected visually by a competent person. Hany of the foiorng codtions exis the eye bl rust be removed off * Bent or dtorted eye or shark » Nicks and gouges, + Oocus wear, + Wom corraded andlor ditt threads + Heal damage ‘+ Aosence of Ste Working Looe ISL maréng Inacéon tapped reesnig holes must be cleaned ard inepactd or thread wear ard deterioration, Any alteration or ropa to ey bolls, uth asereding, macning, welding, cotching. stomping, e701 permiasble. Ee bls which hve wile gn that altcoions or repairs fhe ben mace must be removed fam serve and shox re Tn 1.7 Ling and Spreader Beams Support fos during ait, They are designed kar bending, onfeed ug or hoe 3 each endo the btm side Spreader Beams lp to mina the dstace of aregng deve (sing. lnk shackle] so that sideoating ona land or Uitng lg doesnot occur Ling are Spread Gear nto t elmnat ho pozsbiiy cf a lead oping, sing. bending or bing crushed by 2 ‘AUting Beam Spreader or Equalizer Baum shouts be designed bya ‘uablied engineer For questens or ences elated to ry beam used ining oma projet, conta: your salty representative ‘AU or Spader Beam shouldbe ‘Inspect Frequently bya qulied engineer ‘Stamped wih a mama capac, *Toenied by some recerdsble rackingframber, ‘Load tested to design specications — “2.1. Single Vertical Hitch cc Inthis ype of slinging. ts very difcut io control hoa. A single vertical sting may turnwhen the ood is mang As arcu of such tarnng the rope may be broken o- scraped Since tho wneie ad ison a single srg ing and caring wil notte sermons po ieee eal | Siotincortie | se aes —_ be Tovcicteaiepierrin | Tetercacutmeen™ | 7A Sec meeeccrimy: Le mand = — 24 Loge Bridie Hitenes Inthistype of itches, the legs the sing are downward. The sing ends ar stalled on the oad whie as cemerss installed onthe hook Fig. $7)25 Endless Hitch This type of ch is mosty used in hain slings. The load is equally ‘éstnovted ver toth eps, The center 26. Eyeand Eye Hitch ye and Eye hitches hase to pes: wre rope or chain, varying according 0 trenamect use Single ee sing should never be used alone Otherwise, ‘causes the load to tun and release, Fg 891 27. Double Wrap Basket teh Adobe veop base ich sus ng flan oneal cade Scere od ep bir amauens Ve ag eases dé na to load by 34" Care shoud be iaken foe Slog onal ad atta cetr ct Fi al early 28, Examples Singing 3 All. 2‘Appendix-1 Examples fr Safe Working Load Calculation A way oid the capacity of the cequired sling: SANL = Li x Weight oF Sings - l Noot Sings | For I-eg sings! Noo! Sings =2For?-le9 sings) Not Stings = 2 For 3-eg sings Noo Sings =2(Ford-leg sings! in and eg sings, legs shouldbe considered to carry the lad netag Stings: Tworleg Stings JH xWeighNoof Sings SWL=LMxWeigh/Noof Sings i «1000/1 Swe 11002 100 49 Swi - 500g Sling capacity must be atleast Each sing capaciy must beat 1000 Fi. 90) east 500g (Fg 95)= For-teg Slings mmm N Se Le1m&H=0866 Wight = 1500 bg . AML + UH xWeghifNo. tinge ee vee = MM bb 15002 | * = 251750 =8249 Each sling capacty must boa east 824g, eg 98) on The requis sing ste working oad at angle (eg stings] ‘WL = LUM xWeightINo. of stings, Sing Angle Factors — “Bogle Factors that apply to Two- Legged Sings. re the toctors used to falculat the tension accoteg tothe angle batween sings Each sting capacity rust beat east 577 hg Fig 96) aoe sss Sing ale fctrs i Three-Leg Slings Slngange Factor ‘Pend bellow (oad x05 SIL = UH x Weights. of tings Do load x08 sree tons x07 Leta Heca46m 91°19 120° oadxt veigh = 1500 | ‘Theretre i yeu sing 2 load using to sings at an ange of 6° muy the meh ofthe ood by To find out now mh esa sin ech SL 166 15072 = sleg The aneuer wil gh you reared safe nrg load each tg. = 115x750 = 842g Finding Sling Angle the anole between sings, sch sling capacity muet beat lest = wich tis cae Al 842g (Fg 271, Sing Lengih-=L Tledstance beeen the ting lugs HLL AneDDeees WL=Bie@tL1 4 =90 Degrees WL=HatlofL1 A= 120Degrees Note: Aways concider rumber of sings are 2 or both tives ar our leg lings The othr legs ory balances the oa-Appendix-4 Recommended Hand Signals For Crane Operations ‘Appendte-3 Density of Materials oterat Density ka/n’ Density it ‘Alvin a 170 Brass 0) al Bene 0, Ea ‘Copper a0. $50 ven 780 280 20 11380 Te, Magnes a7 1G ‘OL a0 0. Paver i130 70 ‘Seal “0 0] Var 5 0: be Wire 300 Ea +I some eaves the above Faures average only andthe actual weight ‘may ary according a faiclarcompesivon / water conten 2. A fguros have boon fered or corvinenceof us, 3: When dealing wth hollow body check for ary contents ae whether such contents at labe to mene 4 For caleation Weight ky eur) Density Ta convert toh tiny by 14.2 1 444i qeIncluded angle tees than or equal to 120° BME append? Typical Web and Round Stings With SWI and Mode Toca ear sing sz forthe steve ad 200 kg and slew orgie ag Markings THE SLL ARE IN TONNES. « aaAppendix Lifting / Rigging Dictionary Dubie wrap backethiteh espe sa 28 (Anti Two Blocking) Ihe yk emniyet sacle a lee ‘Abrasion femme Extension ern Angle te Eye alt Vidob asie mapass Sam Syne coy Soetien fanksimon ae uly extended outrager TTamamnen acim vine 3991 eae a Se aaenmns yor i Sa oo sew ooalind Cros bor oes ane ps) am cone Grand onion co Boom angle nicator Bom ae geeteroesi tear jan Broke ren — Isseteaqom Botan wire sek tee fares too fan ck ves ae Seth eras Heok ee Cenncae Serva Nesey Temati/ueen heir ae enifeaon tag Ete hinge rat ase dee as owe Chotetnch npr spot i oe Colour cove fenton a atime Cores KeronenPastna = Dison Courterweight Denge agri: Lattice toon Hates Gom Crate cot Ur fase Crveteaing Vs dee eet a comune Peture ra fase Crushing Eaime Liting acessories aldirma akceswwarlan Cut Kesime Liteg equiment Haldrma ekipmenian cons pel teas! folders oes bese ae oe valsrra pam bated Debt robeak (elder es om Har ekg nig ace valde ones crt co eee Cites Display Gasterge tink ‘sks halkass Distortion Eedormenye0: LMI (Lood Marnent indicator! ‘Yuk moment gosterges! Doutte ortpad eds Leg took Lerestion Master tink Woble crane a Outrigger Over heat Overhead poner nes Overead neater Pad Pesta crane Permit Person Pin Porat crane Pressure Radius Rigger pe Route Sate oad nscator Sater ‘Shacke Srackie pn Shae Soge Sing verial ich sing Sing angle Soleo cect Equpment PPEL 36 Yuk sagan Yak saloerna yanceps Yaglama Bairvonan san tale sep fea ase naka Mobi vne Bedi kane Yo5 Vine agi Naaree pci hana hate dain yo otsterae lea thon, Rigen inc ise korayucu mater Manca Gezerving Bosine Sopane Urgan naat Ro ‘Given yok kale gstergei ‘Saverih manda Mapa apa minds Nokona Te Te haat sapararna Sopan Exlre Spreader beam Storage Strand Swangiog Sa ‘SW. [ale Working Lond Synthetepayeste sing Sythte web sing Tagine Tider its Telescoping boom Tonto Thea damage ‘Throat opening Tower crane Tunoueke Twist te reruns ies wont Wedge wocket Woaht Weck Wind Win speed Wre rope Wire rope lps Wire rope sing WL Wekirg Lao Lit Waring ads Worn Kelsie travers Cepaiame Korda Solanms Fring (Gren Ketdra Yok Bersopan Bersopan law halat Givinee balers Teleskepk tom Geritne Ya dist hasan Kenca ape ac Kulevine Vidal germ Burl Last Last base; ‘Altyop heme Yelek Karat bask rl Taker Riager Ruagar ho Cetienaat Kelepce Tathalat Calgma agetge it Cater yoncap cenaPn Ase De = Included ange tess than Q ‘or oqual toa0" we Tension = Load x05 Tesch = 100005 = 500 gl Thus the tension on each as eg is 6003 Included angle ess than or equal rosa AL asting angle of 0% the stings val have the same tenght as the distonce between thir ancharsoe pons Te caledate each sings Saelorthe above load of 2000 4g an sing angle of 6 the flloving procedure apples Tension « Load x04 Tension» 2000 12009 Included angle less than or equa to 90° Tocaeulate each sting sie forthe above lod of 2000 kg anc FP, the folowing procedure apples, angle Tension= Load «0.70 Tension = 200007 = 400 kgCA eee ee