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Ajmer
Coordinates: 26.4499°N 74.6399°E

Ajmer pronounced [ədʒmeːr] ( listen) is one of the major and oldest cities

in the Indian state of Rajasthan and the centre of the eponymous Ajmer Ajmer
District. It is located at the centre of Rajasthan. It is also known as heart
City
of Rajasthan. The city was established as "Ajayameru" (translated as
"Invincible Hills") by a Chahamana ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja
II, and served as their capital until the 12th century CE.[4][5]

Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. Ajmer has been a

municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage
cities for the HRIDAY[6] and Smart City Mission schemes of the
Government of India.[7]

History
Ajmer was originally known as Ajayameru.
The city was founded by an 11th-century
Chahamana king Ajaydeva. Historian
Dasharatha Sharma notes that the earliest
mention of the city's name occurs in Palha's
Pattavali, which was copied in 1113 CE
(1170 VS) at Dhara. This suggests that
Ajmer was founded sometime before 1113
CE.[8] A prashasti (eulogistic inscription),
issued by Vigraharaja IV and found at Adhai
Din Ka Jhonpra (Sanskrit college), states
Ajayadeva (that is Ajayaraja II) moved his
residence to Ajmer.[4]
Jahangir receives Prince
Khurram at Ajmer on his A later text Prabandha-Kosha states that it
return from the Mewar
was the 8th-century king Ajayaraja I who
campaign Clockwise from the top:
commissioned the Ajayameru fort, which
later came to be known as the Taragarh fort Prithviraj Chauhan statue, and Mayo
College
of Ajmer.[5] According to historian R. B.
Singh, this claim appears to be true, as inscriptions dated to the 8th
century CE have been found at Ajmer.[9] Singh theorizes that Ajayaraja
II later expanded the town area, constructed palaces, and moved the
Chahamana capital from Shakambhari to Ajmer.[10]
Ajmer
In 1193, Ajmer was annexed by the Ghurids and later was returned to
Rajput rulers under condition of tribute.[11]

In 1556, Ajmer came under the Mughal Empire after being conquered by
Mughal Emperor Akbar.[11] It was made the capital of the eponymous
Ajmer Subah. The city enjoyed special favour under the Mughals, who
made frequent pilgrimages to the city to visit the dargah of Moinuddin
Chishti. The city was also used as a military base for campaigns against
Rajput rulers, and on a number of occasions became the site of
celebration when a campaign bore success. Mughal Emperors and their Show map of India
nobles made generous donations to the city, and endowed it with Show map of Rajasthan
constructions such as Akbar's palace and pavilions along the Ana Show all
Sagar.[12][13][14] Their most prominent building activities were in the Coordinates: 26.4499°N 74.6399°E
dargah and its vicinity.[15] Jahanara Begum and Dara Shikoh, children Country  India
of Shah Jahan, were both born in the city in 1614 and 1615
State Rajasthan
respectively.[16][17]
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Mughal patronage of the city had waned by the beginning of the 18th District Ajmer
century.[18] In 1752, the Scindias conquered the city,[19] and in 1818, the Founded by Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II
British gained authority over the city.[11] A municipality was established Named for Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II
at Ajmer in 1866.[20] Colonial-era Ajmer served as the headquarters of Government
the Ajmer-Merwara Province and possessed a Central jail, a large  • Type Municipal Corporation
General Hospital, and two smaller hospitals according to Gazetteer,  • Body Ajmer Municipal
1908. It was the headquarters of a native regiment and of a Railway Corporation
Volunteer corps. From the 1900s, the United Free Church of Scotland,  • Mayor Braj Lata Hada[1]
the church of England, the Roman Catholics, and the American
Area[2]
Episcopal Methodists have mission establishments here.[21] At that time
there were twelve printing presses in the city, from which eight weekly  • City 55 km2 (21 sq mi)
newspapers were published.[22] Elevation 480 m (1,570 ft)

At the time of India's independence in 1947, Ajmer continued as a Population (2011)[3]

separate state with its own legislature until its merger with erstwhile  • City 542,321
Rajputana province then called Rajasthan. The Legislature of Ajmer  • Density 9,900/km2 (26,000/sq mi)
State was housed in the building which now houses T. T. College. It had  • Urban 551,101
30 MLAs, and Haribhau Upadhyay was the first chief minister of the Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
erstwhile state, with Bhagirath Chaudhary as the first Vidhan Sabha
speaker. In 1956, after acceptance of the proposal by Fazil Ali, Ajmer was PIN 305001 to 305023
merged into Rajasthan to form Ajmer District with the addition of Telephone 0145, +91145
Kishangarh sub-division of Jaipur code
Vehicle RJ-01
registration
Website [Link]
.in ([Link]
[Link])

district.[23]url=[Link] |page=1166}}
</ref> Colonial-era Ajmer served as the headquarters of the Ajmer-Merwara Province and possessed a Central jail, a
large General Hospital, and two smaller hospitals according to Gazetteer, 1908. It was the headquarters of a native
regiment and of a Railway Volunteer corps. From the 1900s, the United Free Church of Scotland, the church of
England, the Roman Catholics, and the American Episcopal Methodists have mission establishments here.[24] At
that time there were twelve printing presses in the city, from which eight weekly newspapers were published.[25]

Other Names
A Gujarati historic Novel named Gujaratno Jay written by Zaverchand Meghani, based on various Jain Prabandhas,
describes the city as sapādalakṣaṇa (સપાદલક્ષણ).[26]

Geography
Ajmer is in the northwest of India and is surrounded by the Aravali Mountains. It is situated on the lower slopes of
the Taragarh Hill of that range. To the northwest is the Nagapathar Range of the Aravali Mountain Ranges which
protects it from desertification from the Thar Desert.

Climate
Ajmer has a hot, semi-arid climate with over 55 centimetres (22 inches) of rain every year, but most of the rain
occurs in the monsoon months, between June and September. Temperatures remain relatively high throughout the
year, with the summer months of April to early July having an average daily temperature of about 30  °C (86  °F).
During the monsoon there is frequent heavy rain and thunderstorms, but flooding is not a common occurrence. The
winter months of November to February are mild and temperate with average temperatures ranging from 15–18 °C
(59–64 °F) with little or no humidity. There are, however, occasional cold weather fronts that cause temperatures to
fall to near freezing levels.

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Climate data for Ajmer (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020) [hide]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record 32.6 36.8 42.3 44.6 47.4 46.4 44.4 42.3 42.0 42.0 37.4 34.2 47.4
high °C (°F) (90.7) (98.2) (108.1) (112.3) (117.3) (115.5) (111.9) (108.1) (107.6) (107.6) (99.3) (93.6) (117.3)

Mean
29.1 32.4 38.0 41.9 43.6 43.2 39.1 36.0 38.0 37.6 34.1 30.1 43.9
maximum
(84.4) (90.3) (100.4) (107.4) (110.5) (109.8) (102.4) (96.8) (100.4) (99.7) (93.4) (86.2) (111.0)
°C (°F)

Average 24.3 27.3 32.6 37.8 40.4 39.1 34.3 32.4 34.2 34.7 30.4 26.1 32.8
high °C (°F) (75.7) (81.1) (90.7) (100.0) (104.7) (102.4) (93.7) (90.3) (93.6) (94.5) (86.7) (79.0) (91.0)

Average 9.5 12.5 18.1 23.9 27.6 27.8 25.9 24.7 24.3 20.6 15.0 10.7 20.0
low °C (°F) (49.1) (54.5) (64.6) (75.0) (81.7) (82.0) (78.6) (76.5) (75.7) (69.1) (59.0) (51.3) (68.0)

Mean
5.4 7.8 17.4 17.4 21.8 22.2 22.7 22.5 21.5 16.2 10.7 6.3 5.2
minimum
(41.7) (46.0) (63.3) (63.3) (71.2) (72.0) (72.9) (72.5) (70.7) (61.2) (51.3) (43.3) (41.4)
°C (°F)

Record low −2.8 −1.1 2.2 9.4 14.3 14.7 14.4 18.9 14.6 7.8 2.8 −0.6 −2.8
°C (°F) (27.0) (30.0) (36.0) (48.9) (57.7) (58.5) (57.9) (66.0) (58.3) (46.0) (37.0) (30.9) (27.0)

Average
5.0 7.0 4.0 6.0 18.0 68.0 207.0 160.0 83.0 11.0 7.0 3.0 579.0
rainfall mm
(0.20) (0.28) (0.16) (0.24) (0.71) (2.68) (8.15) (6.30) (3.27) (0.43) (0.28) (0.12) (22.80)
(inches)

Average
0.6 0.8 0.4 0.8 1.8 3.3 8.5 8.1 3.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 29.3
rainy days

Average
relative
humidity 32 25 17 15 18 32 57 64 49 28 31 34 34
(%)
(at 17:30 IST)

Average
ultraviolet 5 6 7 9 9 8 7 7 7 6 6 5 7
index

Source 1: India Meteorological Department[27][28]Climate of Ajmer[29][30]

Source 2: Weather Atlas[31]

Transportation

Air

The Kishangarh Airport is the nearest airport. It is 25 km from Ajmer city. The
Ajmer Airport ground breaking ceremony was done by then Prime Minister of
India Manmohan Singh in 2012. The airport was finally completed and
inaugurated by then Union Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha and
Chief Minister Vasundhara Raje on 11 October 2017.[32] The Airport is Pushkar Valley that connects
operational since then and regular flights to/from Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pushkar and Ajmer in the Aravalli
Ahmedabad, Indore and Surat are currently available. The airport is now Mountains
amongst main and busy airports of Rajasthan. Currently SpiceJet and Star Air
operate from Ajmer Airport on daily basis. Kishangarh Airport, Ajmer is being
managed and operated by Airport Authority of India (AAI).

The Jaipur International Airport which is 135 km from Ajmer is the nearest International Airport.

Rail

The Ajmer Junction is the main railway station situated in the city.[33] and was built during colonial times.

Tourism
Pushkar: Located few kilometres from Ajmer, is an important tourist and pilgrimage destination and a satellite
town of Ajmer city. It is famous for Pushkar Lake and the 14th century Brahma Temple at Pushkar, dedicated

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to Brahmā, according to the Padma Purāņa, Pushkar is important pilgrimage
site for Lord Brahmā.[34] Around the world, Lord Brahma Temple is only
situated at Pushkar Lake, Rajasthan, India.
Taragarh Fort: It is reputed to be the oldest hill fort in India. It stands, with
precipitous surroundings, at a height of 2,855 ft. above sea-level, and
between 1,300 and 1,400 ft. above the valley at its base; and it is partially
enclosed by a wall some 20 feet thick and as many high, built of huge blocks
of stone, cut and squared and are about two miles (3 km) in circumference. View of Ajmer from Taragarh Fort
This hill fort guarding Ajmer, was the seat of the Chauhan rulers. It was built
by King Ajaypal Chauhan on the summit of Taragarh Hill and overlooks Ajmer.
The battlements run along the top of the hill. When it fell to the British Raj, the
fort was dismantled on the orders of Lord William Bentinck in 1832 and was
converted into a sanatorium for the British troops stationed at the garrison
town of Nasirabad.[35] Within it stands the shrine of a Muhammadan saint,
Saiyid Husain, known as the Ganj [Link] the older city, lying in the
valley beneath the Taragarh hill and now abandoned, the Nur-chashma, a
garden-house used by the Mughals, still remains, as also a water-lift
commenced by Maldeo Rathor, to raise water to the Taragarh citadel.
Ajmer Sharif Dargah: It is a shrine of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti which is Dargah Sharif Ajmer
situated at the foot of the Taragarh hill, and consists of several white marble
buildings arranged around two courtyards, including a massive gate donated
by the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Akbari Mosque, built by the Mughal
emperor Shah Jahan and containing the domed tomb of the saint. Akbar and
his queen used to come here by foot every year on pilgrimage from Agra in
observance of a vow when he prayed for a son. The large pillars called "Kose
('Mile') Minars" (Kos Minar), erected at intervals of about two miles (3 km)
along the entire way between Agra and Ajmer mark the places where the
royal pilgrims halted every day, they are also seen today, one such is near
private bus station in Ajmer City.[35] About 125,000 pilgrims visit the site every
day. The Urs of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti is celebrated every year on the 6th
and 7th of Rajab.
Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra: Literally meaning "shed of two-and-a-half days", it is
an ASI protected monument near Ajmer Sharif Dargah and a converted
mosque built after the partial destruction of earlier Hindu and Jain temples
there on orders of Muhammad Ghori after he defeated Prithviraj Chauhan at
the second battle of Tarain.[36][37]
Mayo College: The college was founded in 1875 at the suggestion of Lord
Mayo as a college where the sons of chiefs and nobles might receive an A Hindu Style Pillar in Adhai Din Ka
education to fit them for their high positions and important duties.[38] It was Jhopara Monument.
known as "Indian Eton", as a number of Indian princes studied in this college.
The main building, in white marble, is a classic example of Indo-Saracenic
architecture. In front of the college is memorial marble statue of Lord Mayo.
The boarding-houses are arranged in the form of a horseshoe, with the
college in the centre of the base. Some of the Native States built boarding-
houses, while the Government of India presented the college park,
comprising 167 acres and formerly the site of the old Residency, and erected
the main building, the residences of the principal and vice-principal, and the
Ajmer boarding- house. It provided the salaries of the English staff. The
foundation-stone of the college was laid in 1878, and the building was
opened by the Marquis of Dufferin in 1885.[38] John Lockwood Kipling, father Swarna Nagari in Soniji Ki Nasiyan
of Nobel Laureate, Rudyard Kipling, had been principal of Mayo College.
Soni Ji Ki Nasiyaan: It is architecturally rich Jain temple built in the late
nineteenth century whose main chamber Swarna Nagari "City of Gold", has
prominent depiction of Ayodhya made from 1000 kg of gold.[39]
Akbari Fort & Museum: The city's museum was once the residence of
Prince Salīm, the son of the Emperor Akbar, and presently houses a
collection of Mughal and Rajput armour and sculpture. This is a magnificent
example of Mughal architecture, construction of which was commissioned by
Akbar in 1570. This is where Salim, as the Emperor Jahangir, read out the
firman permitting the British East India Company to trade with India.[40] It is a
massive square building, with lofty octagonal bastions at each corner. It was Akbari Fort and Museum
the headquarters of the administration in their time and in that of the
Marathas. It was here that the emperors appeared in state, and that, as
recorded by Sir Thomas Roe, criminals were publicly executed. The interior was used as a magazine during the
British occupation until 1857; and the central building, used as a tahsil office. With the fort, the outer city walls, of

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the same period, are connected. These surround the city and are pierced by
the Delhi, Madar, Usri, Agra, and Tirpolia gates.
Nareli Jain Temple: is a Jain temple complex of fourteen temples recently
built. It is known for its architecture and intricate stone carvings which gives it
both a traditional and contemporary look.[41]
Ana Sagar Lake: This is an historic man-made lake built by Maharaja Anaji
(1135–1150 CE).[42] By the lake is the Daulat Bagh, a garden laid out by
Emperor Jahangir. Emperor Shah Jahan later added five pavilions, known as
the Baradari, between the garden and the lake embankment of the Ana Nareli Jain Temple is a recent
Sagar supports the beautiful marble pavilions erected as pleasure-houses by addition to Ajmer
Shah Jahan. The embankment, moreover, contains the - site of the former
hammam (bath-room). Three of the five pavilions were at one time formed
into residences for British officials, while the embankment was covered with
office buildings and enclosed by gardens. The houses and enclosures were
finally removed in 1900–1902, when the two south pavilions were re-erected,
the marble parapet completed, and the embankment restored, as far as
practicable, to its early [Link] Baradari has since been closed for the
public because of increased crowd and pollution caused by people.A new
garden called Subhash Udhyan has been opened in the recent years in place
of Baradari.
Lake Foy Sagar: It is a picturesque artificial lake that was created as a
famine relief project in 1892 some 3 miles to the west of the city. It offers
Baradari on Lake Anasagar
excellent views of Aravali mountains range as well migrating birds.[43] The
city used to derive its water-supply from it during colonial times. The water
was conveyed into the city and suburbs through pipes which were laid
underground. The capacity of the lake is 150,000,000 cubic feet.
Prithviraj Smark: Prithviraj Smark is dedicated to Prithviraj Chauhan. It is
located on the way to Taragarh Fort. This place has a life-size statue of King
Prithviraj Chauhan mounted on a horse.[44]
Tomb of Khwaja Husain Ajmeri: Khwaja Husain Ajmeri also known as
Shaikh Husain Ajmeri, he was a Grandson of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty of
Ajmer from the line of Khwaja Fakhruddin's son Khwaja Husamuddin Jigar
Sokhta, he was SajjadaNasheen and Mutwalli[45] of Ajmer Dargah before and
during the time of Emperor Akbar and Emperor Jahangir, his tomb is situated Tomb of Khwaja Husain Ajmeri
near the Sola Khamba (Tomb of Khwaja Alauddin another grandson of
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty of Ajmer), Behind Shahjahani Mosque Dargar
Sharif Ajmer, he died sometime between the year 1619 and 1620. his tomb was built in the year 1637–38.
Manibandh : Also known as Chamunda Mata Mandir is one among the 108 Shakti Pitha at Gayatri hills near
Pushkar, 11 km from Ajmer. It takes 14 minutes to travel from Pushkar Lake to Chamunda Mata Mandir (about 5–
6 km)

Education
The city has many schools and colleges. Among them, Mayo College is a prominent college. The regional office of
CBSE is located here.[46]

Administration
Divisional Commissner of Ajmer is Shri Bhanwar Lal Mehra and District Collector is Mr. Ansh Deep.[47]

Demographics
According to the 2011 census, Ajmer had a population of 542,321 in Religions in Ajmer
the city, 551,101 including its suburbs.[3] Religion Percent
Hindus   83.53%
The female to male ratio in the city was 947/1,000. The literacy rate Muslims   11.58%
in the city was 86.52%, male literacy being 92.08% and female Jains   2.50%
literacy being 80.69%.[3] Sikhs   0.94%
Others   0.18%

Historical population

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Ajmer's population growth in the decade was 18.48%; this compares to a growth Year Pop. ±%
figure of 20.93% in the previous decade.[49] 1891 68,800 —    
1901 73,800 +7.3%
1911 86,200 +16.8%
Villages 1921 113,200 +31.3%
Ajaysar Village, Rajasthan, located in Srinagar block of Ajmer district 1931 119,500 +5.6%
1941 147,300 +23.3%
Ashok Nagar Ajmer (1989), colony
1951 196,300 +33.3%
1961 231,200 +17.8%
See also 1968 265,200 +14.7%
1971 264,300 −0.3%
Delhi Gate, Ajmer 1981 374,400 +41.7%
Ajmeri Gate 1991 402,700 +7.6%
Ajmeri Gate metro station 2001 485,197 +20.5%
2011 542,321 +11.8%
Qabil Ajmeri
Source: [48][49][3]
Ajmeri Kalakand
Marwari language, also known as Ajmeri, spoken around Marwar and Ajmer

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External links
Ajmer District website ([Link]
R. Nath Mughal Architecture Image Collection, Images from Ajmer ([Link]
m/search/collection/ic/searchterm/R%20Nath!Ajmer/field/creato!covera/mode/all!all/conn/and!and/order/title) -
University of Washington Digital Collection

Retrieved from "[Link]

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