DEBRE BIRHAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTION OF TECHNOLOY

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING_

(COMPUTER STREAM)

INTERNSHIP FINAL REPORT

HOSTING COMPANY DEBREBRIHAN UNIVERSTY ICT CENTER

INTERNSHIP DURATION SEP 12 - JAN 3 2012 EC

GROUP MEMBERS ID No

NEBERU BAZENEW……………………………………………........................0915/08
GASHAW YIMER……………………………………………………………….0564/08
FREKIDAN BELAY…………………………………………..............................0547/08
SNTAYEHU AMTATAW………...……………………………………………..0626/08

ADVISOR NAME: - INST. FEBEN ASSEFA

SUBMISSION DATE: - JAN 14-2012 EC

DEBRE BIRHAN, ETHIOPIA.

Declaration
We declare that we carried out the work reported in this report in the Department of Electrical
Engineering, Debre Berhan University, Under the supervision of Ms. Feben Assefa

We have written this report according to internship report outline given by Debre Birhan
University department of electrical and computer engineering. We declare that this work as the
product of our own effort.

Student’s name signature date

1 Neberu Bazenew ……………... ………………

2 Gashaw Yimer ……………... ……………….
3 Firekidan Belay ……………... ……………….
4 Sintayehu Amtataw ……………… ……………….

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Approval
This is to certify that the internship report declared above by students has been read and approved
as their own work and the report is written according to the outline given by university.

------------------------- ---------------- -----------------

Advisor name Signature Date

------------------------ ---------------- ------------------

Supervisor name Signature Date

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Acknowledgement
We need to thank Debre Birhan University to assign this internship program for us. And, we
highly grateful to our internship hosting company DBU ICT center. Next, we need to heartily
thank our advisor Ms. Feben Assefa for her great support and advice. Then, we need to thank
Mr. Sinework, Mr. Ashenafi, Mr. Solomon and Mr. Dereje for their support and also, they shared
us their experience on our daily activity regarding technical issues. We would also like to thank
Mr. Dawit and Mr. Behailu for their advice and motivation on finding some problem or project
ideas.

Finally, we need to greatly thank DBU ICT center employers for their support in all case that we
ask them regarding our work.

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Abstract
This report is mainly concerning the work that we have done during our internship program. We
have been writing this report to address our duration in our internship period in the company
DBU ICT center. This report is going to be submitted to Debre Birhan university institute of
technology Department of Electrical and Computer engineering. In this report we try to put the
overview of the company background history, main product, and main raw materials and work
flow of the company. In addition to this we includes about some of material used in the company.
And also, the overall internship experience, our tasks and practical and theoretical knowledge we
have gained and challenges we faced. Finally, the paper has benefits and skills that we have
gained and based on this we draw a conclusion and we try to put our recommendation to the
company.

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List of Figures
Figure 1-1:Digital Library............................................................................................................. 2
Figure 1-2 Procedure Process ....................................................................................................... 4
Figure 2-1:Computer Case ............................................................................................................ 6
Figure 2-2: Computer Power Supply ............................................................................................ 7
Figure 2-3:MotherBoard ............................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2-4:CPU ............................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 2-5:Computer Hard Disk ................................................................................................. 11
Figure 2-6:RAM.......................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2-7:ROM.......................................................................................................................... 13
Figure2-8:Troubleshoot .............................................................................................................. 14

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Table of Contents

Contents
Declaration ..................................................................................................................................... i
Approval.........................................................................................................................................ii
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................ iii
Abstract .........................................................................................................................................iv
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... v
Table of Contents ..........................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the company ............................................................................................... 1
1.2 Main product and the services of the company................................................................... 1
1.3 Visions................................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Mission ................................................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Values .................................................................................................................................. 3
1.6 End users or the main customer of the company ................................................................ 3
1.7 Work flow ........................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER TWO: OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCES ................................................. 5
2.1 How we get into the company? ........................................................................................... 5
2.2 The section of the company we have worked in ................................................................. 5
2.2.1 ICT workshop ............................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Networking Area ........................................................................................................ 15
CHAPTER THREE: BENEFIT WE HAVE GAINED DURING THE INTERNSHIP ............. 25
3.1 Improving practical skill ................................................................................................... 25
3.2 Practice our theoretical knowledge ................................................................................... 25
3.3 Team work skill................................................................................................................. 25
3.4 Leadership skill ................................................................................................................. 25
3.5 Work ethics issues ............................................................................................................. 26
3.6 Entrepreneurship skills ...................................................................................................... 26
3.7 interpersonal communication skills................................................................................... 26
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.......................................... 27

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 4.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 27
4.2 Recommendation to the company ..................................................................................... 28
References ...................................................................................................................................... I
Appendix .......................................................................................................................................II

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

The internship report covers our activities from September 12 up to January 3 in Debre Birhan
University information communication technology center (ICT center).it involves the general
experience and knowledge gained and also challenge faced.

1.1 Background of the company

Debre Birhan University has been established in the 600 years old historical town- Debre Birhan
– a town located in Amhara Region, North Shoa zone and is 130 km away from Addis Ababa in
the north. The most powerful explanation of the establishment of the University is the
government`s commitment towards the expansion of quality higher education as well as ensuring
a reasonable distribution of higher education in the country.

And hence it is adamantly and unrelentingly working and undertaking massive organizational
activities in terms of human resource development and construction with an over view to further
enhancing its institutional capacity on areas of producing competent graduates, conducting a
problem-solving research & offering community service.

1.2 Main product and the services of the company

The main product of DBU ICT Center is for example:

 Developing website
 Providing school network
 Give maintenance for different electronics materials
 Give basic computer skill and advance training
 Downloading and adapt open source application software
 Giving cisco training course
 Developing Students one card system
 Digital library

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Figure 1-1:Digital Library

1.3 Visions
Aspires to be the best university in Ethiopia by 2012.

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1.4 Mission
 Producing efficient graduates by offering research assisted quality education.
 Undertaking a problem-solving research based on national need and benefiting the
community with the outcome.
 Offering government and community centered training, consultancy service, transferring
technology and undertaking innovation.
 Fulfill students’ needs and requirements by designing website give different maintenance
course and cisco based on international standards that meet student’s requirements
 Demonstrate the highest level of commitment for team work, participatory and
decentralization of decision making, innovativeness and integrity among our employees
and we shall empower them for their continual improvement.
 Monitoring and measuring planned activities performance periodically, take corrective
action for continual improvement.
 Review the policy for compliance of the system.

1.5 Values
The values of the university are:

 Shared vision
 Quality service
 Attention to cross-cutting issues
 Diversity
 Professionalism
 Equality
 Effectiveness

1.6 End users or the main customer of the company

The end users or customers of DBU ICT Center are includes :

 Students
 Employees that work in the university

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1.7 Work flow
The company’s overall work flow are shown below in simplified form.

Figure 1-2 Procedure Process

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CHAPTER TWO: OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCES

2.1 How we get into the company?

As the curriculum stated, Debre Birhan University sends its senior class students to different
industries for the internship program in order to practically implement the theory that the student
learned before in the University. The internship program has positive effect for both the
internship hosting company and students. At the ending of our fourth year second semester
program Debre Birhan University gives us the request sheet for the internship program and we
tried to exhibit the internship request paper to different organizations. We got the acceptance
paper from the organizations that we exhibit the internship request paper. Due to that we get the
DBU ICT center set up for us the opportunity to work in ICT center directorate. Then September
12 was our first day we start our internship program. Something that we firmly we need to express
is that we have grasped an advanced knowledge during our stay in DBU ICT center.

2.2 The section of the company we have worked in

The company has three different sections. So, as an electrical and computer engineering student
we tried to focus on computer hard ware and software parts as well as networking area and
application area.

The sections that the company has are listed as follows:

 ICT workshop
 Networking area

2.2.1 ICT workshop

This section is responsible for any of the maintenances of the computer parts including:

[Link] Computer hardware

1. Case
 Influences the motherboard form factor choice
 Must allow for good air flow
 Available in different sizes

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 Figure 2-1:Computer Case

2. Power supply

The power supply unit is the piece of hardware that's used to convert the power provided from
the outlet into usable power for the many parts inside the computer case. It converts the
alternating current (AC) into a continuous form of power that the computer components need in
order to run normally, called direct current (DC). It also regulates overheating by controlling
voltage, which may change automatically or manually depending on the power supply. Unlike
some hardware components used with a computer that isn't necessarily needed, as a printer, the
power supply is a crucial piece because, without it, the rest of the internal hardware can't
function.

The power supply unit is often abbreviated as PSU and is also known as a power pack
or power converter. Motherboards, cases, and power supplies all come in different sizes called
form factors. All three must be compatible to work properly together. Provides power to all
computer components. Must be chosen based on current and future needs. Deliver different
voltage levels to meet different internal component needs.

 Provides power to all computer components.

 Must be chosen based on current and future needs.
 Deliver different voltage levels to meet different internal component needs.

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Figure 2-2: Computer Power Supply

3. Motherboard

A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds together many
of the crucial components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory
and connectors for input and output devices. The base of a motherboard consists of a very firm
sheet of non-conductive material, typically some sort of rigid plastic. Thin layers of copper or
aluminum foil, referred to as traces, are printed onto this sheet. These traces are very narrow
and form the circuits between the various components. In addition to circuits, a motherboard
contains a number of sockets and slots to connect the other components.

 Backbone of the computer

 Interconnects computer components

Figure 2-3:MotherBoard

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Parts of a Motherboard

A CPU socket - the actual CPU is directly soldered onto the socket. Since high speed CPUs
generate a lot of heat, there are heat sinks and mounting points for fans right next to the CPU
socket.

A power connector: to distribute power to the CPU and other components. Slots for the system’s
main memory, typically in the form of DRAM chips.

A chip forms an interface between the CPU, the main memory and other components. On many
types of motherboards, this is referred to as the Northbridge. This chip also contains a large
heat sink. A second chip controls the input and output (I/O) functions. It is not connected directly
to the CPU but to the Northbridge. This I/O controller is referred to as the Southbridge. The
Northbridge and Southbridge combined are referred to as the chipset.
Several connectors, which provide the physical interface between input and output devices and
the motherboard. The Southbridge handles these connections.

Slots for one or more hard drives to store files. The most common types of connections are
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) and Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA).
A read-only memory (ROM) chip, which contains the firmware, or startup instructions for the
computer system. This is also called the BIOS.

A slot for a video or graphics card: There is a number of different types of slots, including the
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and Peripheral Component Interconnect express (PCIE).
There are certainly a lot of acronyms to get used to! Don't worry too much about trying to
remember all the parts and their acronyms.

The key is to remember that the motherboard: contains central processing unit, the memory,
and all the connectors to the rest of the hardware of the computer system.

The board is the mother of all components-that’s where it gets its name.

Warning Signs

In most cases, there are some early warning signs when a computer part is going bad. Here are
some things to look out for with your motherboard. Motherboard doesn’t recognize/show

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peripherals plugged in Peripherals will stop working for a few seconds or more Slow boot ups
could indicate that your motherboard is going bad, though it could be other components as well
(more on this below).

Computer won’t recognize flash drives or monitor sometimes shows strange lines (particularly
relevant if you have onboard video on your motherboard). Motherboard doesn’t post Burning
smell or burn marks anywhere on the motherboard itself. Bulging or Leaking capacitors.

Signs of Failures

Motherboard is historically the most difficult pieces of hardware to diagnose because, in most
cases, you have to rule out every other piece of hardware that is connected to it. There aren’t
usually any real signs of failure, other than that your motherboard is either dead or working.

A hard drive will give you signs of failure, such as blue screens or lost files, but a motherboard
just doesn’t give you that advance notice. That being said, here are some things you can try first
to ensure the problem is with your motherboard instead of another hardware component.

4. Central Processing Unit

The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out the
instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output
operations of a computer system. The CPU is like the brains of the computer - every
instruction, no matter how simple, has to go through the CPU.

So, let's say you press the letter ‘k’ on your keyboard and it appears on the scree – the cup of
your computer is what makes this possible. The CPU is sometimes also referred to as the central
processor unit, or processor for short. So, when you are looking at the specifications of a
computer at your local electronics store, typically refers to the CPU as the processor.

Figure 2-4:CPU
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 A typical CPU has a number of components:

 The first is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU): which performs simple arithmetic and
logical operations.
 Second is the control unit (CU): which manages the various components of the
computer. It reads and interprets instructions from memory and transforms them into a
series of signals to activate other parts of the computer. The control unit calls upon the
arithmetic logic unit to perform the necessary calculation.
 Third is the cache: which serves as high-speed memory where instructions can be copied
to and retrieved. Early CPUs consisted of many separate components, but since the 1970s
they have been constructed as a single integrated unit called a microprocessor. As such,
a CPU is a specific type of microprocessor. The individual components of a CPU have
become so integrated that you can't even recognize them from the outside. This CPU is
about two inches by two inches in size.

CPUs are located on the motherboard. Motherboards have a socket for this, which is specific
for a certain type of processor. A CPU gets very hot and therefore needs its own cooling
system in the form of a heat sink and or fan.

5. Hard Disk

The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage hardware device in a computer.
The operating system, software titles, and most other files are stored in the hard disk drive. The
hard drive is sometimes referred to as the "C drive" due to the fact that Microsoft Windows
designates the "C" drive letter to the primary partition on the primary hard drive in a computer
by default While this is not a technically correct term to use, it is still common For example,
some computers have multiple drive letters (e g,. C, D, and E) representing areas across one or
more hard drives.

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 Figure 2-5:Computer Hard Disk

How a Hard Drive Works

Unlike volatile storage like RAM, a hard drive keeps a hold of its data even when powered off.
This is why you can restart a computer, which powers down the HDD, but still has access to all
the data when it's back on. Inside the hard drive are sectors located on tracks, which are stored
on rotating platters. These platters have magnetic heads that move with an actuator arm to read
and write data to the drive.

Reasons of hard disk failure

There are a number of reasons of hard disk failure. Some of the reasons are virus attack poor
power supply, corrupted operating system, damaged block etc. The hard disks may fail due to
worn out parts. The most common reason of HDD failure is head crash, where the read-write
head of the device touches the platter and scratches the data storage surface. Air filter problem is
another cause of HDD failure. If the air filter fails to filter the dust particles from atmosphere,
they get settled on the platter causing the head to crash.

Symptoms of hard disk failure

Hard disk failure can occur either gradually or catastrophically. It is difficult to diagnose gradual
HDD failure, as its symptoms such as slowing down of PC, corrupted files etc. may be caused
by other issues like malware or viruses. The increasing number of bad sectors may result in hard
disk corruption.

The HDD adds the bad sectors gradually to its defect table and eventually stops working. HDD
may fail in a number of ways, which can be limited, progressive, total or immediate. In most of

11
the cases, the data can be partially or totally recovered. In severe cases, the data may get
completely destroyed.

6. Computer memory (RAM and ROM)

Random access memory (RAM): Computer memory or random-access memory (RAM) is your
system’s short-term data storage. It stores the information your computer is actively using so that
it can be accessed quickly. The more programs your system is running, the more memory you’ll
need.

What is RAM used for: RAM allows your computer to perform many of its everyday tasks,
such as loading applications, browsing the internet, editing a spreadsheet, or experiencing the
latest game. Memory also allows you to switch quickly among these tasks, remembering where
you are in one task when you switch to another task.

Figure 2-6:RAM

Read Only Memory (ROM): There is another memory in computer, which is called Read Only
Memory (ROM). Again, it is the ICs inside the PC that form the ROM. The storage of program
and data in the ROM is permanent. The ROM stores some standard processing programs supplied
by the manufacturers to operate the personal computer. The ROM can only be read by the CPU
but it cannot be changed. The basic input/output program is stored in the ROM that examines
and initializes various equipment attached to the PC when the power switch is ON.

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Figure 2-7:ROM

[Link] Troubleshooting process steps

There are many basic troubleshooting techniques you can use to fix issues like this. In this lesson,
we will show you some simple things to try when troubleshooting, as well as how to solve
common problems you may encounter.

 Requires an organized and logical approach to problems.

 Eliminates variables and identifies causes of problems in a

systematic order.

 Troubleshooting skills get better with experience.

 Before troubleshooting, protect user data.

Identify the Problem:

 Ask the customer questions and be respectful.

 Use both open-ended and closed-ended questions.

 Listen to beep codes.

 Use BIOS or UEFI to identify POST problems.
 Use Event Viewer, Device Manager, Task Manager and other
diagnostics tools to help identifying the problem.

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[Link] General tips to keep in mind
There are many different things that could cause a problem with your computer. No matter what
is causing the issue, troubleshooting will always be a process of trial and error-in some cases,
you may need to use several different approaches before you can find a solution; other problems
may be easy to fix. We recommend starting by using the following tips.

Write down your steps: Once you start troubleshooting, you may want to write down each step
you take. This way, you will be able to remember exactly what you've done and can avoid
repeating the same mistakes. If you end up asking other people for help, it will be much easier if
they know exactly what you've tried already.

1. Take notes about error messages: If your computer gives you an error message, be
sure to write down as much information as possible. You may be able to use this
information later to find out if other people are having the same error.
2. Always check the cables: If you are having trouble with a specific piece of computer
hardware, such as your monitor or keyboard, an easy first step is to check all related
cables to make sure they're properly connected.
3. Restart the computer: When all else fails, restarting the computer is a good thing to
try. This can solve a lot of basic issues you may experience with your computer.

Figure2-8:Troubleshoot

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2.2.2 Networking Area
Local Area Network (LAN)

A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common
communications line or wireless link to a server. Typically, a LAN encompasses computers and
peripherals connected to a server within a distinct geographic area such as an office or a
commercial establishment. Computers and other mobile devices use a LAN connection to share
resources such as a printer or network storage. A local-area network (LAN) is a computer
network that spans a relatively small area. Most often, a LAN is confined to a single room,
building or group of buildings; however, one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any
distance via telephone lines and radio waves. A LAN is a network of connected devices that exist
within a specific location. LANs may be found in homes, offices, educational institution, or other
areas. A LAN may be wired, wireless, or a combination of the two. A standard wired LAN uses
Ethernet to connect devices together. Wireless LANs are typically created using a Wi-Fi signal.
If a router supports both Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections, it can be used to create a LAN with
both wired and wireless devices. So we know two things about a LAN just from the name “Local
Area Network”—the devices on them are networked and they’re local. And it’s that local part
that really defines a LAN and distinguishes it from other types of networks like Wide Area
Networks (WANs) and Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). LANs are typically confined
within a small area usually one building, but that’s not a firm requirement. That area might be
your home or small business, and it could contain just a few devices. It might also be a much
larger area, like an entire office building that contains hundreds or thousands of devices. But
regardless of size, the single defining characteristic of a LAN is that it connects devices that are
in a single, limited area. The advantages of using a LAN are the same advantages as having any
devices networked together. Those devices can share a single internet connection, share files with
one another, print to shared printers, and so on. On bigger LANs, you’ll also find dedicated
servers that host services like global user directories, email, and access to other shared company
resources.

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There are two wider category of LAN network. These are:-
1. Ethernet: This is a specification that enables computers to communicate with each other.
2. Wi-Fi: uses radio waves to connect computers to the LAN.
Note: We only do Ethernet LAN networking at Law library.

[Link] LAN Network Diagram

Figure2.9: LAN Network Diagram

But we do not use hub. We use the following for our case.
1. Network rack
2. CATE 5E UTP cable
3. Layer 2 switch

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[Link]
5. Puncher
6. LAN Cable Crimper
7. Patch panel
8. Fiber box
9. Fiber cable
10. RJ45 Connectors
11. Patch cord cable

1. Network rack
Network Racks organize Network equipment into standardized assemblies that make efficient
use of space and other resources. Networking equipment's such as Servers, storage, network
switches, routers, DVR/NVR, telecommunications hardware and other application devices that
fulfill the primary network rack is a metal frame chassis that holds, stacks, organizes, secures and
protects various computer network and server hardware devices. The term “network” refers to
the rack being used to house network hardware like routers, switches, access points, and modems.
The same rack holds servers and other computer systems, although some are designed with
specific device types in mind. The rack works by securing network and other computer hardware
within the mounting fixtures via brackets, bolts and other hardware to keep the hardware in its
secure place.

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Figure2.10: Network Rack

2. Cate 5E UTP cable

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable is by far the most popular cable around the world. UTP
cable is used not only for networking but also for the traditional telephone (CAT1). There are
more than six different types of UTP categories and, depending on what you want to achieve,
you would need the appropriate type of cable. CAT5E is the most popular UTP cable; it came to
replace the well-known coaxial cable which was not able to keep up with the continuous growth
for faster and more reliable tale and data communication networks. An improved specification
to Category 5 was later introduced. By reducing noise and signal interference, CAT5E was
capable of increasing rated transfer speeds to 350 Mbit/s over 100 meters.

Figure2.11: UTP Cable

3. Layer 2 switch
A layer 2 switch is a type of network switch or device that works on the data link layer (OSI
Layer 2) and utilizes MAC Address to determine the path through where the frames are to be
forwarded. It uses hardware-based switching techniques to connect and transmit data in a local
area network (LAN). A layer 2 switch can also be referred to as a multiport bridge. A layer 2
switches is primarily responsible for transporting data on a physical layer and in performing error
checking on each transmitted and received frame.

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Figure 2-12: layer2 Switch

[Link]

Truncate is a plastic material that used to enclose all UTP cables inside and protects it from
danger.
[Link]
Puncher is a device used to punch the female RJ45 connector. Punching must be away from you.

Figure 2-13: Puncher

[Link] Cable Crimper

Crimper is a device used to punch the male RJ45 connector.

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Figure 2-14: LAN Cable Crimper

[Link] panel

A patch panel also referred to as a patch bay, patch field or jack field, is a mounted hardware
assembly that contains a set number of ports to connect and manage the incoming and outgoing
fiber or copper cables. In a typical data center infrastructure, patch panels are often placed in a
wiring closet to connect racks with each other.
Each rack contains at least one patch panel, the back end of which is connected to the back end
of the other one. Then you will need patch cords to connect servers or network switches to the
ports on the front end of the patch panel in each rack. A patch panel in a local area network
(LAN) is a mounted hardware assembly that contains ports used to connect and manage incoming
and outgoing LAN cables. Patch panels are also referred to as patch bays, patch fields or jack
fields.

Figure 2-15: Patch Panel

[Link] box

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Fiber box is a box that contains the splice of fiber optic cable.

Figure 2-16: Fiber Box

[Link] cable
First commercially deployed in 1977, optical cable is the primary source of long-distance, high-
bandwidth communications between telephone companies, multisite organizations and various
other long-range communications applications. The composition of optical cable starts with the
outer jacket, which is made of a strong and often flexible material. This is followed by plastic
cover used to bundle individual optical fiber cables.
An optical fiber typically consists of a transparent core surrounded by a transparent cladding
material with a lower index of refraction. Light is kept in the core by total internal reflection.
Single wavelength or multiple-wavelength light is passed through the core and keeps traveling
inside the core due to the lower refractive index cladding surrounding it, which bounces the light
back when it tries to escape.

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 Figure 2-17: Fiber Cable

10. RJ45 Connectors

There are two types of RJ45 connectors. These are:
1. male RJ45 connector:

Figure 2-18: Male RJ45

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Figure 2-19: Female RJ45

Female RJ45 connector: also called RJ45 inserter.

Note: to crimp RJ45 male connector or to punch RJ45 female connector we must care and follow
the standard LAN cable color coding. We have two standards. Those are T-568A and T-568B.
The following figure shows the standard color coding. The left one is T-568A and the right isT-
568B

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Figure 2-20: Standard LAN Cable Color Coding

11. Patch cord cable

Is a copper cable which has RJ45 connector used to connect patch panel to layer 2 switches This
is typically short cable up to maximum length of 5 meter.

Figure2-21: Patch cord cable

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CHAPTER THREE: BENEFIT WE HAVE GAINED DURING
THE INTERNSHIP

3.1 Improving practical skill

In terms of improving practical skills we have been gain many knowledge’s for instance

 We have got the knowledge about how the real work look like
 How to maintain and troubleshoot computer
 How to know any computer problem’s before troubleshoot?
 How to crimp RJ45 cables
 How to design and install local area network and etc.

3.2 Practice our theoretical knowledge

For the last four years and half semester that we have stayed in the University and we have been
grasped the theoretical knowledge. But now this internship programs strengthen our theoretical
knowledge by practice. When we were in the University there were some theory that we are not
understand but now it became clear because we observe it practically. The most noticeable thing
that we have gained is we combine or relate theoretical knowledge with practical skills or
experience.

3.3 Team work skill

Obviously be with group is better than being alone. By considering this we make team with other
Communication students. Then, we share idea on different things regarding our work in our
hosting company and about our University education. We also make a team with maintenance
section of our hosting company to work on the technical issues in the factory with them.

3.4 Leadership skill

In DBU ICT center there are many employees and leaders with different responsibility. The
leaders’ guide, control and monitor the employees to do their job properly. So, from this company
we have learned the ethics of being leader and how to manage each and everything in the given
work.

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3.5 Work ethics issues
Work ethics mainly concern about ethical work conduct and this is the common ethical rule of
conduct for the workers of all profession. An important part of work ethics is maintaining labor
discipline. This means obeying the rule and regulation of the work place this rule and guidelines
are usually designed to facilitate efficient working. Labor disciplines are listed below.

 Punctuality
 Proper use of instrument of work place
 Working in harmony cooperation with co working
 Being obeyed for what we have pleased

The work discipline that we have been listed before are one of the vital things that we have been
learned from DBU ICT center and also, we have been experiencing this labor discipline in our
duration of DBU ICT center.

3.6 Entrepreneurship skills

In DBU ICT center there is problem that comes in different period of time. So, solution is must
for this problem to get better consequence. In the progress of finding solution for the problem
new thing is invented. So, when we observe this we are initiated for creativity and in addition to
this there are many entrepreneurship skills that we have developed in the company. They are
listed below.

 Multi skilled in the work place

 Being creative and innovative
 The risk taker for our work

3.7 interpersonal communication skills

When we were in DBU ICT center there were engineers and technicians that lecture us about
working principle and about the machine etc. so this internship program create opportunity to
improve our communication skill with the employees not only with employee but also with our
friends that comes from other stream of electrical engineering. In addition to this if some
problems happen, we communicate with our mates, technicians and engineers as a result of this
our communication skill is improved due to intern ship program.

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CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Conclusion
An internship provides the opportunity to gain skill on work experience that we cannot get in the
classroom. Also, it is an opportunity one can test his/her future career without committing and
find out if it is a career that will satisfy him/her. Getting experience is a great way to build your
confidence and since finding work can be a real challenge, especially if one does not have any
experience, this kind of internship helps not only in developing confidence for finding job after
graduation

The DBU ICT center is produce different things for the students and the employees that work on
the university developing website, provides school net give basic computer skill, developing one
card system for the students and also developing digital library.

Theoretical knowledge is the basic prerequisite for gaining the practical skill such that we
develop our practical skill in designing and install the LAN cables in the low library, crimping
different LAN cables troubleshooting computer system and etc.

During us in DBU ICT center we have grasped a lot of knowledge also we relate the theory that
we have learned in the University with practice and the most satisfactory advantage of internship
program was understanding the theory that we did not understand in the University, when we
observe it practically. We have got a lot of skill during the internship program but dominantly
the skills that we got during the internship program are.

 Communication skill
 Leadership skill
 Team working skill
 Entrepreneurship skill

Generally during our stay in the company in addition to getting knowledge we know how the real
working life look likes.

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4.2 Recommendation to the company
In our internship from starting day up to now, we get different knowledge. The company overall
work strategy is very good. DBU ICT center is the best place for anyone who wants to get good
knowledge and experience and also students like us (especially engineering students) can get a
good work time experience. The company is best for they think for students in case of networking
design and application developments. But, the only thing that we wants to recommend the
company is, As it have great role for building up the new generation so, it has to put the engineer
advisor for students those are assigned to the company. And also, the company should have a
great controlling or monitoring system for the student who are assigned to the company during
their internship period. Our country needs us for building the better Ethiopia with new
technologies.

Therefore, it is better if the company takes a good care of the youngest generation Finally We
have something to say or have a message for all skilled workers & who want to build a better
Ethiopia.

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References
[1]. Wikipedia [[Link]

[2]__[Link]
article/demo/features/31-university

[3] [Link]

[4] [Link] [Link]

[5]. Debre Berhan University ICT Data center Manual published in 2011E.c

I
Appendix
ICT: Information Communication Technology

RAM፡ Radom Access Memory

PCs: Personal Computers

AC: Alternating Current

DC: Direct Current

PSU: power supply unit

CPU: Central Processing Unit

IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics

SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

ROM: Read-Only Memory

AGP: Accelerated Graphics Port

PCIE: Peripheral Component Interconnect Express

ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit

CU: Control Unit

CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor

RTC: Real -Time Clock

HDD: Hard Disk Drive

NVRAM: Non-Volatile RAM

COS-MOS: Complementary-Symmetry Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor

II