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Understanding Microscope Types and Functions

The document discusses different types of light microscopes and their key properties and uses. It describes how bright-field microscopes are most widely used to view live and stained specimens. Phase-contrast microscopes transform subtle light changes to view intracellular structures clearly. Electron microscopes use electron beams instead of light, allowing for much higher magnifications between 5,000-1,000,000x to view extremely small structures. Digital microscopy incorporates computer technology for automated focusing and image capture.

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Nurul Insyirah
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11 views3 pages

Understanding Microscope Types and Functions

The document discusses different types of light microscopes and their key properties and uses. It describes how bright-field microscopes are most widely used to view live and stained specimens. Phase-contrast microscopes transform subtle light changes to view intracellular structures clearly. Electron microscopes use electron beams instead of light, allowing for much higher magnifications between 5,000-1,000,000x to view extremely small structures. Digital microscopy incorporates computer technology for automated focusing and image capture.

Uploaded by

Nurul Insyirah
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MIC 125 | Nurul Insyirah Sedek

CHAPTER 3 : MICROSCOPY
LIGHT PROPERTIES
Wavelength: distance between 2 identical peaks, represent repeating pattern of travelling
energy

STUDENT MICROSCOPE

1. Magnification – ability to
enlarge object
 The objective lens forms the
magnified real image
(micrograph)
 Real image is projected to
eyepieces and magnified to form
virtual image
 Total magnification = power of
objective × power of eyepieces
 Depending on the size and
curvature of the lens, the image
appears enlarged
2. Resolving power – ability to
show detail
3. Depth of focus -thickness of a specimen that can be seen at one time
 Magnification ↑ , depth of focus ↓
4. Field of vision – surface area of view. Area↓ , magnification ↑
MIC 125 | Nurul Insyirah Sedek

Eyepiece – allows you to view the specimen Stage clips – hold microscope slide on stage
Objective lens – collect light coming through Adjustment knob – moves stage up and down
the object and magnifies it to focus on specimen
Nose piece – hold objective lens in place Light source – shine light up through the
slide and directed to mirror
Stage – hold and support microscopes slides Base – prevents the microscope from tipping
over
Condenser – controls amount of light

TYPE OF LIGHT MICROSCOPES

▪ Bright-field ▪ phase-contrast
- Most widely used - transforms subtle changes in
- Specimen is darker > light waves into differences light
surrounding field intensity
- Live and stained specimen - best for observing intracellular
▪ Dark-field (inside a cell) structures
- Brightly illuminated specimens - have microscope with special
surrounded by darker field condenser
- live and unstained specimen

▪ Differential interference contrast ▪ Fluorescence microscope


(DIC) - Modified compound microscope
- Nomarski interference contrast w UV radiation source and filter
(NIC) that protect viewer’s eyes
- Used to enhance the contrast in - Uses dyes that produce visible
unstained, transparent specimen light when bombarded w shorter
- Produce 3D image, >lively UV rays – make it fluorescence
- Higher resolution - Useful to diagnose infections
(hospital, lab)
MIC 125 | Nurul Insyirah Sedek

▪ Confocal microscope ▪ Digital microscopy


- Fluorescence or unstained - Uses computer tech. to
specimen images combined to automatically focus, adjust light
form 3D image & take photo of specimens
- Use laser light to obtain thin - Can be directly upload & viewed
section of specimens (internal) online

▪ Electron microscope ii. Transmission electron


- Uses beam of electrons , travel in microscopes (TEM)
wavelike patterns - Transmit electron THROUGH
- Electron waves 100 000x shorter the specimen (dalam specimen)
than visible light, tremendous - Darker = thicker/denser , lighter
power to resolve vv small = transparent/less dense
structures ▪ Stereo microscope /dissecting
- Magnification between 5 000x to microscope
1 000 000x - No mechanical stage, objective
i. Scanning electron lens
microscopes (SEM) - Observe large specimen, low
- Use to observe SURFACE of the magnification
specimen - Using light reflected from
- Provide 3D view surface of specimen

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