Increasing the frequency of the power supply from 50 Hz to 90 Hz affects the synchronous speed, calculated as N_s = (120 * frequency) / poles = (120 * 90) / 4 = 2700 rpm. For rated torque, speed N is less than synchronous speed due to slip: N_rated = N_s * (1 - s), where s is slip. Given motor characteristics, we compute the slip s for specific torque by equating rotor EMF to active torque conditions, leading to N_rated < 2700 rpm. The slip at which maximum torque occurs involves specific rotor resistance versus reactance conditions, typically notated as s_max = R_r / X_r .

To determine the transformer turns ratio for the flyback SMPS, we use the primary-to-secondary voltage ratio based on the duty cycle and load specifications. The duty cycle D of 0.4 and a source voltage V_s of 240V lead to a turn ratio n as n = (V_o * (1-D))/ (V_s * D) = (5 * (1-0.4)) / (240 * 0.4) = 0.0521, implying primary turns are significantly greater than secondary turns. For inductance, using the relation L = (V_s * D) / (f * ΔI), where ΔI is the change in magnetizing current and f is the frequency, we compute the required L to maintain the necessary current ripple. With ideal components assumptions, specifying open-circuit voltage further requires calculating peak PMOSFET voltage based on the turn ratio and load voltage .

Rotor leakage impedance influences the power conversion efficiency and torque of the motor. Given an impedance of 0.5 + j2.0 Ω, higher frequency increases the stator reactance, leading to magnified impedance effects. The calculation of slip at higher frequency involves analyzing how rotor reactance rises, impacting the slip value where maximum torque can occur. Maximum torque usually decreases with increasing frequency but shifts to a higher slip, affecting operational stability and mechanical output for specific application scenarios .

Rotor resistance directly affects the slip in an induction motor at which maximum torque occurs, as slip s_max is defined by s_max = R_r / X_r, where R_r is rotor resistance and X_r is rotor reactance. Higher rotor resistance generally results in a larger slip for maximum torque, because it compensates for relative losses and can maintain torque output more efficiently per input currents. Optimizing resistance can also enhance motor starting behaviors, though often at the expense of efficiency at rated speeds .

For designing the snubber circuit, we consider safety margins for imposed constraints. With Ip = 200 A and safety factor of 2, maximum repetitive peak current is 400 A. For di/dt and dv/dt, using respective max rates, the snubber design involves selecting an R and C such that R = sqrt(L/C) while ensuring dv/dt does not exceed 100 V/μs (200V/μs scaled by factor). A standard RC snubber can be R = 10 Ω and evaluate C using dv/dt = V_s / (R * C). Calculate C such that the charge current excursions and stored energy dissipate within τ = RC time constant .

When designing circuits involving high repetitive peak currents through thyristors, ensure overcurrent protection by limiting I_p, di/dt, and dv/dt using snubber networks; correctly sized fuses or circuit-breakers; and maintaining safe distances beyond expected transient levels. Factors of safety, typically of 2 or more, should guide this, ensuring component operation remains significantly below rated limits, avoiding thermal runaways and breakdowns. Consideration of creepage distances and adequate heat sinks improve safe uninterrupted operations .

For a firing angle θ of 30°, we first calculate the average output voltage V_avg = (2 * V_m * (1 - cos(θ))) / π = (2 * 325 * (1 - cos(30°))) / π = 207.78 V. The motor current for a ripple-free armature current can be calculated using Ohm's law: I_a = V_avg / R_a = 207.78 / 0.8 = 259.725 A. Motor torque T_m is given by T_m = k * I_a = 0.5 * 259.725 = 129.86 Nm. The input supply power factor is related to the phase angle for voltage-current conversion and requires estimating the real power against apparent power .

The duty cycle k of the buck regulator is calculated as the ratio of output to input voltage, k = Va/Vs = 6.5/15 = 0.433. For the filter inductance L, we use L = (Vs - Va) * k / (f * ΔI_L), resulting in L = (15 - 6.5) * 0.433 / (20,000 * 0.25) = 0.173 mH. The filter capacitor C is calculated based on the ripple requirement, C = ΔI_L / (8 * f * ΔV), resulting in C = 0.25 / (8 * 20,000 * 0.01) = 156.25 µF. The critical values of L and C ensure that the converter operates in continuous mode without saturation of components .

The fault clearance time t_f is calculated based on the I²t rating of the thyristor, which is specified as 20 A²s. When a short-circuit occurs, the current rises super-linearly, limited only by reactance and any resistance in loop. For safety, t_f = I²t / I² = 20 A²s / (I_fault)². Here, I_fault can be assumed as V_peak / R, where R is maximum allowable resistance, to prevent exceeding I²t beyond thermal junction damage limits. Ensuring t_f < inherent circuit response time involves keeping reactance low .

Synchronous speed N_s is given by the formula N_s = (120 * frequency) / number of poles, which for a 50 Hz motor is N_s = (120 * 50) / number of poles. Assuming negligible stator leakage, rotational losses are preliminarily dismissed if the real power does not show effective decrement beyond nameplate rating within synchronous limits. Synchronicity minimizes extra loss factors, allowing estimation close to electrical input minus load torque’s inefficiencies .