Reference Notes

Chapter 1: Fall from Grace

1. The Kaohsiung Incident, also known as the Formosa Incident, occurred on
December 10, 1979 in the southern Taiwan city, when a group of political
activists held a rally to commemorate Human Rights Day and demand
democratic reforms. The event, which turned violent resulting in the
prosecution and conviction of its organizers, was widely seen as a watershed
in Taiwan’s democratization. Source: Wikipedia last modified on May 16,
2016.
2. The Tangwai movement was a political campaign in Taiwan from the mid-
1970s to the early 1980s. Tangwai referred to politicians “outside the party,”
i.e. the KMT. Because opposition parties were still forbidden, many
opponents of the KMT, officially classified as independents, ran and were
elected to central and local representative bodies as members "outside the
party." Source: Wikipedia.
3. Ko-lin Chin, Heijin: Organized Crime, Business, and Politics in Taiwan,
Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2003.
4. James, A. Robinson and Deborah A. Brown, Taiwan’s ‘Black Gold Politics’, The
Wall Street Journal, updated March 17, 2000.
5. Choe Sang-hun, ‘Roh Moo-hyun, Ex-President of South Korea, Kills Himself,’
The New York Times, May 23, 2009.
6. Richard Chang, Taipei District Court Suspends Chen Shui-bian Trial Over
Health Concerns, Taipei Times, December 21, 2013.
7. Lin Chih-han, Tsai Mong-yu, Chen Shui-bain Granted Application for
Suspension of Trials on Health Reasons, United Daily News, April 22, 2016.
8. Austin Ramzy, Taiwan Debates Medical Parole for Ex-Leader, the New York
Times, July 21, 2013.
9. News Release, Agency of Corrections of ROC Justice Ministry, December 27,
2012.
10. Jack Healey, an Open Letter to Taiwan’s President Ma Ying-jeou, Huffington
Post, updated September 19, 2012.
11. Chris Wang, Rich Chang, Clark Says Chen Facing ‘Murder’ by Parole Denial,
Taipei Times, August 23, 2012.
12. Jake Chung, U.S. Politicians Concerned About A-bian, Taipei Times, May 3,
2013.
13. Minutes of the Meeting between President Ma Ying-jeou and U.S. Senator
Lisa Murkowski, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of China (Taiwan),
January 17, 2013.
 14. Stacy Hsu, Renewed Call to Pardon Chen Shui-bian Rejected, Taipei Times,
April 9, 2016.
15. Report on the Human Rights in Prison of Former President Chen Shui-bian,
Ministry of Justice Agency of Corrections, November 16, 2012.
16. Special Report on Medical Treatment of Former President Chen Shui-bian,
Ministry of Justice, October 4, 2012.
17. News Release on the Status of Mr. Chen Shui-bian’s Health, Taipei Veterans
General Hospital, October 2, 2012.
18. An Update on the Status of Mr. Chen Shui-bian’s Health, the Agency of
Corrections, Ministry of Justice, December 25, 2012.
19. News Release: Transfer of Mr. Chen Shui-bian from the TVGH to Taichung
Prison’s Pei-de Hospital, the Ministry of Justice, April 19, 2013.
20. News Release: Home Convalescence Does Not Accord with the Law, the
Ministry of Justice, April 19, 2013.
21. Shann Hou-chih, Chen’s New Confinement Environment Can No Longer Be
Called Prison Life, United Daily News, April 20, 2013.
22. Rich Chang, Chris Wang, Chen Shui-bian Stable After Suicide Attempt, Taipei
Times, June 4, 2013.
23. Chen Jie-liang, Hung Rong-chih, Mrs. Chen Shui-bian Comments on Her
Husband’s Suicide Attempt, the China Times, June 5, 2013.
24. Ex-President of Taiwan Attempts Suicide in Prison, The New York Times, June
3, 2013.
25. Chen Shui-bian Granted Medical Parole, News Release, Agency of
Corrections, Ministry of Justice, January 5, 2015.

Chapter 2: An Overview of Chen’s Bribery Cases and Their Final Verdicts.

1. Taiwan’s Chen in Corruption Case, BBC News, November 3, 2006.

2. Chen Shui-bian’s ex-Treasurer Pleads Guilty in Graft Trial, AFP, Taipei,

February 20, 2009.

3. Jiang Hui-tseng, Liang Hung-pin, Switzerland Requests Assistance in Probing

Chen Family’s Swiss Bank Accounts, China Times, August 15, 2008.

4. Jimmy Chuang and Loa IOK-sin, Prosecutor Investigates Chen Family’s

Accounts, Taipei Times, August 16, 2008.

5. Taiwan Prosecutor Heads to Singapore in Chen Probe, AFP, August 27, 2008.

6. News Staff, Chen’s Request to Take out Deposits from Vault Rejected, China

Post, June 22, 2010.

7. Judge Norman K. Moon, Memorandum Opinion, U.S. District Court for the

Western District of Virginia, Civil Action, No. 3: 10--cv-0037.

8. Su Wei-rong, Chen’s Detention Extended by Two More Months, United Daily

News, June 19, 2010.

9. Ku Liang-chieh, Chen Rejects SID Reasons for Extending His Detention, China

Times, October 2, 2010.

10. Ku Liang-chieh and Yang Shu-mei, Chen’s Detention Extended by Two More

Months on Flight Concerns, China Times, June 19, 2010.

11. Lin Ho-ming, Chen Protests Detention Extension, Court-Pointed Lawyer to

Appeal, the United Daily News, July 15, 2009.

12. Shelly Huang, Supreme Court Rejects Chen Appeal against Detention, Taipei

Times, November 6, 2009.

13. Taiwan May Change Rules amid Chen Detention Controversy, AFP, February

23, 2010.

14. Taiwan Changes Detention Rules amid Chen Controversy, AFP, April 23, 2010.

15. Open Letter by Tsai Ying-wen on Chen Shui-bian’s Detention, Democratic

Progressive Party, June 30, 2009.

16. Jimmy Chuang, Chen Should Be Released during Appeal: Ma’s Mentor, Taipei

Times, September 12, 2009.

17. An Indictment Statement on the Chen Family’s Four Cases, Special

Investigation Division of the Supreme Prosecutor’s Office, December 12,

2008.

18. Lan Kai-cheng, Taipei District Court Suspends Trial of Chen’s Document-

Seizing Case Over Health Concerns, United Daily News, December 21, 2013.

19. Lin Chi-han and Tsai Meng-yu, Court Grants Chen’s Request to Suspend

Hearings on His Role in Embezzlement Case, United Daily News, April 22,

2016.

20. Chen’s Current State of Health, Ministry of Justice Agency of Corrections,

November 16, 2012.

21. An Overview of Legal Cases Involving Former President Chen Shui-bian and

Their Verdicts, Attachment II, Ministry of Justice, January 17, 2013.

22. Ku Liang-chieh, Ma Chih-lin Says He Is Forced to Donate NT$200 Million to

the Chens, China Times, October 14, 2011.

23. Su Wei-rong, High Court Clears Chen Shui-bian of Inciting False Testimony,

United Daily News, August 18, 2012.

24. Lin Wei-xin, Supreme Court Overrules High Court’s Acquittal of Perjury

Against Chen, China Times, December 14, 2012.

25. Lan Kai-cheng, District Court Rules Suspension of Hearings on Chen’s Case of

Seizing Confidential Government Documents, United Daily News, December

21, 2013.

26. Wang Ji-yu and Kou Liang-chieh, Appropriation of Public Funds for Private

Use, China Times, July 29, 2009.

27. Liu Wen-shi, the Legality of the State Affairs Fund, Taipei Times, November

20, 2006.

28. “A million Voices against Corruption, President Chen Shui-bian Must Step

Down,” [Link]/ (from August to November 2006).

29. Ko Shu-ling, Chen Defends Second-Phase Financial Reform Program, Taipei

Times, May 24, 2007.

30. Richard Chang, Chen Shui-bian Found not Guilty in Bribery Trial, Taipei

Times, November 6, 2010.

31. Liu Jun-koo, Chen Shui-bian Acknowledges Upwards of NT$700 Million

Stored in Bank Vault, United Daily News, December 19, 2008.

32. Both Ma Wei-chien and Tu Li-ping pleaded guilty in court in February 2010

to help the former first family launder the money they helped move from

Cathay United Bank.

33. Ku Liang-chieh, Wang Ji-you and Chen Chih-hsien, Chen Shui-bian Employs

Presidential Powers to Extort Bribes, China Times, October 14, 2011.

34. Ma Yung-cheng was convicted by the Taiwan High Court of conspiring with

the former first couple to take bribes and was sentenced to eight years in

prison.

35. Wang Ji-you, Mrs. Chen Shui-bian Admits to Having Taken NT$200 Million

from Yuanta Financial Holdings, China Times, June 10, 2010.

36. Former Taiwanese First Lady Accepts a US$6 Million Bribe to Influence Her

Husband, the Great Rip-Off—Global Witness.

 37. Liu Chih-hsien, Switzerland Returns to Taiwan US$6.5 Million as Bribe Money

Linked to Yuanta Bank Merger Case, China Times, September 5, 2015.

38. Richard Andoh, Swiss bank Wegelin to Close after U.S. Tax Evasion Fine, RAK

Offshore Company, August 4, 2016.

Chapter 3: How the Chen Family Skillfully Moves Ill-Gained Funds across National

Borders

1. Chen Chih-chung and Huang Jui-ching's financial activities were alleged by

the Swiss Office of Attorney General to have broken Switzerland's laws

against money laundering, organized crime, terrorist financing and economic

crime. The allegations were made based on a report filed by the Federal

Police's Money Laundering Reporting Office (MROS) of Switzerland, a

member of the Toronto-based international anti-money laundering Egmont

Group.

2. The Swiss judicial document, coded with serial number EA II.07.0186-OTE,

was issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland with the

investigation conducted by two federal prosecutors Edmond Ottinger and

Luc Leimgruber.

3. Lin Cheng-chung, the Leftover Campaign Fund Claim by Chen Is a Barefaced

Lie, the United Daily News, August 15, 2008.

4. Probe into Taiwan Ex-President Leads to Singapore, AFP, August 21, 2008.

5. Taiwan Investigates Alleged Money Laundering, AP, August 25, 2008.

6. The expert was widely reported in the local media to be a senior financial

advisor from Bank of America Merrill Lynch in the United States, who flew
 into Taipei in late December 2008 to advise the Chen family on ways to

relocate its massive deposits in Singapore. Chen Shui-bian's son Chen Chih-

chung arranged the Taipei trip for the unidentified Merrill Lynch officer

during a brief visit to New York. But the younger Chen denied he had made

the arrangement during court hearings on his role in the money laundering

case.

7. Investigation Bureau Chief Yeh Sheng-mao's cover-up of the Cayman money

laundering intelligence took place at a sensitive time in Taiwan's politics.

First, Chen Shui-bian's DPP party had just lost the 12 January 2008 legislative

elections to the opposition KMT in a devastating defeat--only days before

Yeh's bureau received the Cayman document. Second, a more crucial

presidential election was due in two months in March, but opinion polls had

since the opening of the year continued to show the KMT's Ma Ying-jeou

well ahead of DPP candidate Frank Hsieh. It was against such a background

that Yeh, in his words, "had completely forgotten to act on the Cayman

intelligence report."

8. For some reason, an investigation into the Jersey case was launched

belatedly in 2011 only at the request of the Taiwan High Court, not on the

initiative by prosecutors.

9. The US$21 million which Huang Jui-ching transferred from Singapore to

Switzerland in early 2007 was confirmed by both Taiwan and Swiss

investigators to be the same money as was frozen by the Swiss judicial

authorities 11 months later in January 2008.

10. Rich Chang, Wu Li-pei Brought in for Questioning on Wire Transfers, Taipei

Times, October 12, 2008.

11. The claimed use for the controversial bank account of US$1.9 million varied

in media reports. Some news reports also quoted Chen Shui-bian as saying

that the said amount of money was meant for use by him to promote

Taiwan’s diplomatic relations after his retirement.

12. Supreme Prosecutor’s Office News Release, issued by the Special

Investigation Division, September 16, 2011.

13. Wegelin was forced to shut its doors permanently in 2013 after pleading

guilty to a U.S. indictment charging the bank with helping American citizens

to dodge taxes through secret accounts.

14. Liu Chun-koo, Mrs. Chen Shui-bian Urges Tu Li-ping not to Disclose the Origin

of NT$540 Million Wired abroad, United Daily News, December 19, 2008.

15. Wang Wen-ling, Chen Shui-bian Confesses the Amounts of Money Hidden at

Cathay United Bank at One Time Ran Much Higher than NT$700 Million,

United Daily News, December 19, 2008.

16. Ku Liang-chieh and Wang Chih-yu, Mrs. Chen Shui-bian Asks Wu Ching-mou

et al to Help Move NT$740 Million from Cathay Bank to Ma Wei-chieh’s

Residence, China Times, December 19, 2008.

17. The information about how Ma Wei-chien helped Mrs. Chen Shui-bian wired

the NT$540 million to Asian Piston and then to the Wegelin bank of

Switzerland--a significant portion of which was later moved on to the United

States—was sourced from U.S. and Taiwan judicial papers.

 18. Ditto.

19. Chen Chih-hsien, Switzerland Returns Chen Shui-bian’s US$6.74 Million

Deposits to Taiwan, China Times, September 5, 2015.

20. In Taiwan, forfeiture of assets can only be carried until court procedure end,

while U.S. law allows forfeiture in the absence of conviction.

21. Under U.S. law, parties that have provided assistance to locate assets

obtained with illegal funds can ask to share the proceeds from the sale of

such properties.

22. ROC Thanks the U.S. for Help over Chen Shui-bian Alleged Bribery Case,

China Post, July 9, 2016.

23. Samuel Rubendfeld, U.S. Seizes Ex-Taiwan Leader’s Manhattan Condo,

Virginia House, Wall Street Journal, November 15, 2012.

24. Judge Norman K. Moon, Memorandum Opinion, Civil Action No. 3:10-0037

in the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia--

Charlottesville Division.

25. News Desk, Former U.S. Officials Shed Light on Ex-Taiwan President’s Money

Laundering, the China Post/ANN, June 9, 2016.

26. Michael Hudson, Inot Stanescu and Samuel Adler-Bell, Hidden in Plain Sight:

New York Just Another Island Haven, July 3, 2014.

Chapter 4: Turning Divisive Issues into Political Assets

1. Yoshiyuki OGASAWARA, Lee Teng-hui Administration and Taiwanese

Nationalism, presented at Australian National University, December

15, 1998.

2. Lien Chan was born in Xian, Shaanxi province, China, but was raised

and educated in Taiwan. He spent all of his years teaching and serving

in the ROC government before taking retirement.

3. James Soong was born in Xiangtan, Hunan province, China. He and his

family fled to Taiwan in 1949 along with the Nationalist government.

He received education and worked in Taiwan before retiring from

public service.

4. Lawrence Chung, President Chen Wins a Second Term in This Election,

Straits Times, March 23, 2004.

5. J. Michael Cole, Why She Hated Chen Shui-bian, Posted on December

5, 2009.

6. Ko Shu-ling, Facing a Violent Past, Taipei Times, February 28, 2003.

7. The “Kaohsiung Incident of 1979”—a turning point in Taiwan’s history,

last modified on May 26, 2011.

8. Taiwan Ends 4 Decades of Martial Law, The New York Times,

announced on July 14, 1987 and published on July 15, 1987.

9. Yoshiyuki OGASAWARA, Constitutional Reform and Democratization

in Taiwan, Tokyo University of Foreign Study.

10. Ko Shu-ling, Facing a Violent Past, Taipei Times, February 28, 2003.
11. Stefan Fleischauer is the author of the “28 February 1947 Uprising” in

contemporary Taiwan, part of a Routledge Research on Taiwan:

Taiwanese Identity in the Twenty-First Century.

12. Susan Yu, DPP Divided on Whether to Drop Independence Clause,

Taiwan Today, publication date: December 16, 1994.

13. Shih Cheng-feng, Taiwanese Identity and the Memories of 228: A Case

for Political Reconciliation.

14. Nicholas D. Kristof, Taipei Journal; the Honor of 228: Taiwan Rips

Open the Past, The New York Times, published April 3, 1992.

15. Stefan Fleischauer, Perspectives on 228: The 28 February of 1947

Uprising in Contemporary Taiwan.

16. Chang Yen-hsien, former chairman of the Academia Historica and

convener of the 228 Memorial Foundation’s “228 Massacre Truth

Research Task Force,” authored the DPP-backed research report.

17. Craig A. Smith, Taiwan’s 228 Incident and the Politics of Placing

Blame, University of British Columbia.

18. Editorial, March Election May Have a Vital Impact on Beijing Ties,

China Post, August 18, 2003.

19. Editorial, Chen Clarifies His Agenda for a Taiwan Nation, China Post,

October 8, 2003.

20. Year 2004 Referendum and Presidential Election, Taiwan, Formosa

Ilha home page, March 17, 2004.

21. Chang Yun-ping, Chen Drafts Timetable on Constitution, Taipei Times,

November 12, 2003.

22. Commentary, Chen’s High-Profile Transit Hints at U.S. Policy Change,

China Post, November 5, 2003.

23. Susan Hsu, DPP Divided on Whether to Drop Independence Clause,

Taiwan Journal, December 16, 1994.

24. Editorial, President’s Referendum Strategy Could Backfire, China Post,

June 25, 2003.

25. Fiona Lu, Date Set for Review of Referendum Law, Taipei Times,

November 14, 2003.

26. Charles Synder, U.S. Warns China not to Use Force against Taiwan,

Taipei Times, November 21, 2003.

27. Editorial, Chen’s New Attempt to Provoke Beijing Intended to Energize

Domestic Voters, China Post, December 3, 2003.

28. Commentary, Beijing Feels Desperate After Failing to Block

Referendum, China Post, February 11, 2004.