Eng: 2107- Phonetics & Phonology: Tutorial (VI)

I. Transcribe the followings in phonemic transcripts.

(a) A miss is as good as a mile.
(b) Mind if I sit here?
(c) I am now studying at Pakokku University.
(d) We are the future of our nation.
Describe the following in standard orthography.
(e) / meɪ aɪ ˈnǝʊ jʊǝ fǝʊn nʌmbǝ(r) pli:z/
(f) / ǝˈtend ðǝ klɑ:z ənd du: ðǝ tju:tɔrɪəl wɪθaʊt feɪl/
(g) / fǝʊˈnektɪks ɪz ðǝ saɪǝnˈtɪfɪk stʌdɪ ǝv spi:tʃ saʊndz/
(h) / wi: kǝnt kənˈtrəʊl ðǝ wɪnd bʌt wi: kǝn əˈdʒʌst ðǝ seɪl /

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Eng: 2107- Phonetics & Phonology: Tutorial (VI)
I. Transcribe the followings in phonemic transcripts.
(a) A miss is as good as a mile.
(b) Mind if I sit here?
(c) I am now studying at Pakokku University.
(d) We are the future of our nation.
Describe the following in standard orthography.
(e) / meɪ aɪ ˈnǝʊ jʊǝ fǝʊn nʌmbǝ(r) pli:z/
(f) / ǝˈtend ðǝ klɑ:z ənd du: ðǝ tju:tɔrɪəl wɪθaʊt feɪl/
(g) / fǝʊˈnektɪks ɪz ðǝ saɪǝnˈtɪfɪk stʌdɪ ǝv spi:tʃ saʊndz/
(h) / wi: kǝnt kənˈtrəʊl ðǝ wɪnd bʌt wi: kǝn əˈdʒʌst ðǝ seɪl /

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Eng: 2107- Phonetics & Phonology: Tutorial (VI)
I. Transcribe the followings in phonemic transcripts.
(a) A miss is as good as a mile.
(b) Mind if I sit here?
(c) I am now studying at Pakokku University.
(d) We are the future of our nation.
Describe the following in standard orthography.
(e) / meɪ aɪ ˈnǝʊ jʊǝ fǝʊn nʌmbǝ(r) pli:z/
(f) / ǝˈtend ðǝ klɑ:z ənd du: ðǝ tju:tɔrɪəl wɪθaʊt feɪl/
(g) / fǝʊˈnektɪks ɪz ðǝ saɪǝnˈtɪfɪk stʌdɪ ǝv spi:tʃ saʊndz/
(h) / wi: kǝnt kənˈtrəʊl ðǝ wɪnd bʌt wi: kǝn əˈdʒʌst ðǝ seɪl /
******************************

I. Transcribe the followings in phonemic transcripts.

(a) A fool and his money are soon parted.
(b) Mind your own business.
(c) I am now studying in English specialization.
(d) We are the future leaders of our country.
Describe the following in standard orthography.
(e) / meɪ aɪ ˈnǝʊ jʊǝ mǝʊˈbaɪ fǝʊn nʌmbǝ(r) pli:z/
(f) / ǝtend ðǝ klɑ:z ↄr feɪl ðǝ ɪgˈzæm/
(g) / fǝʊˈnektɪks ɪz ðǝ saɪǝnˈtɪfɪk stʌdɪ ǝf spi:tʃ saʊndz/
 (h) / ju: kǝn teɪk ðǝ hͻ:s tǝ wɜ:tǝ(r) bʌt ju: kǝnt meɪk ɪt drɪnk /
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I. Transcribe the followings in phonemic transcripts.
(a) A fool and his money are soon parted.
(b) Mind your own business.
(c) I am now studying in English specialization.
(d) We are the future leaders of our country.
Describe the following in standard orthography.
(e) / meɪ aɪ ˈnǝʊ jʊǝ mǝʊˈbaɪ fǝʊn nʌmbǝ(r) pli:z/
(f) / ǝtend ðǝ klɑ:z ↄr feɪl ðǝ ɪgˈzæm/
(g) / fǝʊˈnektɪks ɪz ðǝ saɪǝnˈtɪfɪk stʌdɪ ǝf spi:tʃ saʊndz/
(h) / ju: kǝn teɪk ðǝ hͻ:s tǝ wɜ:tǝ(r) bʌt ju: kǝnt meɪk ɪt drɪnk /
 Eng: 4104: Translation & Interpretation Tutorial: (III)
Translate the following paragraphs into Myanmar.
1. Good teachers leave an ever-lasting mark on the lives of students. The quality of their
teaching has a great influence on students’ learning. A real teacher must possess three basic qualities:
well-established knowledge, intellectual practices and being noble. For teachers, money does not
matter nor should it matter. The best reward for a true teacher is to see his or her student learn, grow
and develop. In the end, he or she wants to see students’ crowning success.
2. One needs to take time to improve his skill of translation as it is the specific branch of
study. As it is a very subtle and complex, one needs to keep the proper idea and thinking and so that
he can choose the appropriate words. There is no fixed formula or techniques in translation. We can
translate a text in various ways we like in order to cover the original writer’s idea and to provide the
readers a vivid background of it.
*******************************
Eng: 4104: Translation & Interpretation Tutorial: (III)
Translate the following paragraphs into Myanmar.
1. Good teachers leave an ever-lasting mark on the lives of students. The quality of their teaching
has a great influence on students’ learning. A real teacher must possess three basic qualities: well-
established knowledge, intellectual practices and being noble. For teachers, money does not matter nor
should it matter. The best reward for a true teacher is to see his or her student learn, grow and develop. In
the end, he or she wants to see students’ crowning success.
2. One needs to take time to improve his skill of translation as it is the specific branch of
study. As it is a very subtle and complex, one needs to keep the proper idea and thinking and so that
he can choose the appropriate words. There is no fixed formula or techniques in translation. We can
translate a text in various ways we like in order to cover the original writer’s idea and to provide the
readers a vivid background of it.
*******************************
Eng: 4104: Translation & Interpretation Tutorial: (III)
Translate the following paragraphs into Myanmar.
1. Good teachers leave an ever-lasting mark on the lives of students. The quality of their
teaching has a great influence on students’ learning. A real teacher must possess three basic qualities:
well-established knowledge, intellectual practices and being noble. For teachers, money does not
matter nor should it matter. The best reward for a true teacher is to see his or her student learn, grow
and develop. In the end, he or she wants to see students’ crowning success.
2. One needs to take time to improve his skill of translation as it is the specific branch of
study. As it is a very subtle and complex, one needs to keep the proper idea and thinking and so that
he can choose the appropriate words. There is no fixed formula or techniques in translation. We can
translate a text in various ways we like in order to cover the original writer’s idea and to provide the
readers a vivid background of it.
*******************************
 Eng: 5204: Effective Negotiating & Meetings
I. (A) Match the words from List (A) to the words from List (B).
List (A) List (B)
(1) kick-off (a) a list of planned activities
(2) circulate (b) written record
(3) brainstorm (c) a very short time
(4) schedule (d) the time when the activity starts
(5) minute (e) to send information to people in group
(f) suggest for getting new idea
I. (B) Choose the best words in the box to complete the sentences.
relief unfortunately call arrange
manage
unexpectedly message confirm postpone pleasure
(1) It is just to ……….. the date and time of our next meeting.
(2) Could we ……….. the meeting until Friday at the same time?
(3) It was a ……….. to speak to you today.
(4) ……….. I have an appointment on that day.
(5) Give me a ……….. if you have any question before the meeting.
I. (C) Match the verbs on the left with phrasal verbs on the right.
(1) consider (a) finish off
(2) finalize (b) look forward to
(3) accept (c) go along with
(4) anticipate (d) think about
(5) discuss (e) talk about PTO
I. (D) Write a (√) at the correct HIT columns. No 1 is done for you.

Sr Expression Have Intend Tradable

1. We can trade this against … √
2. We might like to
3. It would be an alternative to ...
4. Our intention is ….
5. I refuse to accept ….
6. I am willing to accept …..
Translate the following paragraph into Myanmar.
Good teachers leave an ever-lasting mark on the lives of students. The quality of their
teaching has a great influence on students’ learning. To have quality teaching, it should be a mix of
hard work and successes. Teachers can get inner satisfaction. They do not really hope for external
rewards such as money and power. These can be gained in other professions. A real teacher must
possess three basic qualities: well-established knowledge, intellectual practices and being noble. For
teachers, money does not matter nor should it matter. The best reward for a true teacher is to see his
or her student learn, grow and develop. In the end, he or she wants to see students’ crowning success.
Translate the following paragraph into English.
ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိျခင္းမွာ သီးျခား အတတ္ပညာ တစ္ရပ္ျဖစ္ေပရာ အခ်ိန္ယူေလ့ လာရန္ လု ိအပ္သည္။ သိမ္ေမြ႕နက္နဲလွသည့္ ပညာရပ္တစ္ခုလည္းျဖ
စ္သျဖင့္ အေတြးအေခၚ အယူ အဆမွန္ရန္ အေရးၾကီးသည္။ သု ိ႔မွသာ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ ဆု ိလု ိရင္းအနက္အ ဓိပါၼယ္ေပၚ လြင္ေစရန္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ မွန္က န္သည္ ႔

စကားလုံ းမ်ားကု ိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ႏု ိင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။ ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိရာတြင္ ပုံ ေသနည္းသဖြယ္ သတ္မွတ္ထ ားသည္႔ နည္းစနစ္၊ သု ိ႔မဟု တ္ နည္းလမ္းဟူ ၍ မ

ရွိေခ်။ မူ ရင္းစာေရးဆရာ၏ အာေဘာ္ကုိ ျခဳံ ငုံ မိေစရန္ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ အနက္အ ဓိပါၼၸယ္ကုိ စာဖတ္သူ ကြက္ကြက္ကြင္းကြင္း ျမင္လာေစရန္ မိမိႏွစ္သက္ရာန
ည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ျပန္ဆုိႏု ိင္သည္။

ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိျခင္းမွာ သီးျခား အတတ္ပညာ တစ္ရပ္ျဖစ္ေပရာ အခ်ိန္ယူေလ့ လာရန္ လု ိအပ္သည္။ သိမ္ေမြ႕နက္နဲလွသည့္ ပညာရပ္တစ္ခုလည္းျဖ

စ္သျဖင့္ အေတြးအေခၚ အယူ အဆမွန္ရန္ အေရးၾကီးသည္။ သု ိ႔မွသာ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ ဆု ိလု ိရင္းအနက္အ ဓိပါၼယ္ေပၚ လြင္ေစရန္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ မွန္က န္သည္ ႔

စကားလုံ းမ်ားကု ိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ႏု ိင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။ ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိရာတြင္ ပုံ ေသနည္းသဖြယ္ သတ္မွတ္ထ ားသည္႔ နည္းစနစ္၊ သု ိ႔မဟု တ္ နည္းလမ္းဟူ ၍ မ
ရွိေခ်။ မူ ရင္းစာေရးဆရာ၏ အာေဘာ္ကုိ ျခဳံ ငုံ မိေစရန္ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ အနက္အ ဓိပါၼၸယ္ကုိ စာဖတ္သူ ကြက္ကြက္ကြင္းကြင္း ျမင္လာေစရန္ မိမိႏွစ္သက္ရာန
ည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ျပန္ဆုိႏု ိင္သည္။

One needs to take time to improve his skill of translation as it is the specific branch of study. As it is a very subtle and
complex, one needs to keep the proper idea and thinking and so that he can choose the appropriate words. There is no fixed formula or
techniques in translation. We can translate a text in various ways we like in order to cover the original writer’s idea and to provide the
readers a vivid background of it.

ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိျခင္းမွာ သီးျခား အတတ္ပညာ တစ္ရပ္ျဖစ္ေပရာ အခ်ိန္ယူေလ့ လာရန္ လု ိအပ္သည္။ သိမ္ေမြ႕နက္နဲလွသည့္ ပညာရပ္တစ္ခုလည္းျဖ

စ္သျဖင့္ အေတြးအေခၚ အယူ အဆမွန္ရန္ အေရးၾကီးသည္။ သု ိ႔မွသာ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ ဆု ိလု ိရင္းအနက္အ ဓိပါၼယ္ေပၚ လြင္ေစရန္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ မွန္က န္သည္ ႔

စကားလုံ းမ်ားကု ိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ႏု ိင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။ ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိရာတြင္ ပုံ ေသနည္းသဖြယ္ သတ္မွတ္ထ ားသည္႔ နည္းစနစ္၊ သု ိ႔မဟု တ္ နည္းလမ္းဟူ ၍ မ

ရွိေခ်။ မူ ရင္းစာေရးဆရာ၏ အာေဘာ္ကုိ ျခဳံ ငုံ မိေစရန္ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ အနက္အ ဓိပါၼၸယ္ကုိ စာဖတ္သူ ကြက္ကြက္ကြင္းကြင္း ျမင္လာေစရန္ မိမိႏွစ္သက္ရာန
ည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ျပန္ဆုိႏု ိင္သည္။

Eng: 4104/4204 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (I)

I. (A) Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.

(1) Hotel’s recycled soap to go to charity

(2) Thousands of Mexicans protest against gasoline hikes

(3) Vice President U Myint Swe opens Taungup Degree College

(4) Over 1,600 persons evacuated in South Philippines due to tropical depression

(5) Government, UN agencies, int’l orgs discuss humanitarian aid in northern Rakhine

I. (B) Translate the following news headlines into English.

(1) ေမာ္လျမိဳင္ျမိဳ႕၌ မီးေလာင္မႈ ျဖစ္ပြား

(2) ကခ်င္တုိင္းရင္းသားရု ိးရာ အတီးအမႈတ္၊ အဆု ိျပိဳင္ပြဲ က်င္းပ

(3) ရန္္ကုန္ ဘတ္စ္ကား ျပဳျပင္ ေျပာင္းလဲေျပးဆြဲမႈ၊ ခရီးသည္မ်ား ႀကိဳဆု ိ္
(4) တရု တ္ႏု ိင္ငံ အေရွ႕ေျမာက္ပုိင္း၌၊ ႏွစ္ ႏွစ္ေထာင္ သက္တ မ္းရွိသည္႔ ျမိဳ႕ေဟာင္းေတြ႕ရွိ

(5) ဘဂၢဒက္ အေရွ႕ပု ိင္းတြင္ အု ိင္အက္စ္အဖြဲ႕၏ ကားဗုံ းခြဲတု ိက္ခုိက္မႈေၾကာင့္ လူ ၁၃ ဦးေသဆုံ း

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Eng: 4104/4204 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (I)

I. (A) Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.

(1) Hotel’s recycled soap to go to charity

(2) Thousands of Mexicans protest against gasoline hikes

(3) Vice President U Myint Swe opens Taungup Degree College

(4) Over 1,600 persons evacuated in South Philippines due to tropical depression

(5) Government, UN agencies, int’l orgs discuss humanitarian aid in northern Rakhine

I. (B) Translate the following news headlines into English.

(1) ေမာ္လျမိဳင္ျမိဳ႕၌ မီးေလာင္မႈ ျဖစ္ပြား

(2) ကခ်င္တုိင္းရင္းသားရု ိးရာ အတီးအမႈတ္၊ အဆု ိျပိဳင္ပြဲ က်င္းပ

(3) ရန္္ကုန္ ဘတ္စ္ကား ျပဳျပင္ ေျပာင္းလဲေျပးဆြဲမႈ၊ ခရီးသည္မ်ား ႀကိဳဆု ိ္
(4) တရု တ္ႏု ိင္ငံ အေရွ႕ေျမာက္ပုိင္း၌၊ ႏွစ္ ႏွစ္ေထာင္ သက္တ မ္းရွိသည္႔ ျမိဳ႕ေဟာင္းေတြ႕ရွိ

(5) ဘဂၢဒက္ အေရွ႕ပု ိင္းတြင္ အု ိင္အက္စ္အဖြဲ႕၏ ကားဗုံ းခြဲတု ိက္ခုိက္မႈေၾကာင့္ လူ ၁၃ ဦးေသဆုံ း

Eng: 4104/4204 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (II)

Translate the following pieces of news into Myanmar / English.
1. President U Htin Kyaw and Daw Su Su Lwin arrived back Nay Pyi Taw yesterday after concluding
their visit to Cambodia. They were welcomed back at Nay Pyi Taw International Airport by Vice
President U Myint Swe, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, Commander-in-Chief
(Army) Vice Senior General Soe Win and officials.

2. ျပည္ေထာင္စု ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး ေဆြးေႏြးမႈ ပူ းတြဲေကာ္မတီ (UPDJC) အစည္းအေဝးကု ိ ယေန႔ နံ နက္ ၁၀ နာရီတြင္ ေနျပ
ည္ေတာ္ရွိသဂၤဟဟု ိတယ္၌က်င္းပရာ (UPDJC) ဥကၠ ဌ၊ ႏု ိင္ငံ ေတာ္ ၏အတု ိင္ပင္ခံ ပု ဂၢိဳလ၊္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစု ၾကည္ တ

က္ေရာက္ အမွာစကား ေျပာၾကားသည္။

************************

Eng: 4104/4204 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (II)

Translate the following pieces of news into Myanmar / English.
1. President U Htin Kyaw and Daw Su Su Lwin arrived back Nay Pyi Taw yesterday after concluding
their visit to Cambodia. They were welcomed back at Nay Pyi Taw International Airport by Vice
President U Myint Swe, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, Commander-in-Chief
(Army) Vice Senior General Soe Win and officials.
2. ျပည္ေထာင္စု ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး ေဆြးေႏြးမႈ ပူ းတြဲေကာ္မတီ (UPDJC) အစည္းအေဝးကု ိ ယေန႔ နံ နက္ ၁၀ နာရီတြင္ ေနျပ
ည္ေတာ္ရွိသဂၤဟဟု ိတယ္၌က်င္းပရာ (UPDJC) ဥကၠ ဌ၊ ႏု ိင္ငံ ေတာ္ ၏အတု ိင္ပင္ခံ ပု ဂၢိဳလ၊္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစု ၾကည္ တ

က္ေရာက္ အမွာစကား ေျပာၾကားသည္။

************************

Eng: 4104/4204 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (II)

Translate the following pieces of news into Myanmar / English.
1. President U Htin Kyaw and Daw Su Su Lwin arrived back Nay Pyi Taw yesterday after concluding
their visit to Cambodia. They were welcomed back at Nay Pyi Taw International Airport by Vice
President U Myint Swe, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, Commander-in-Chief
(Army) Vice Senior General Soe Win and officials.

2. ျပည္ေထာင္စု ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး ေဆြးေႏြးမႈ ပူ းတြဲေကာ္မတီ (UPDJC) အစည္းအေဝးကု ိ ယေန႔ နံ နက္ ၁၀ နာရီတြင္ ေနျပ
ည္ေတာ္ရွိသဂၤဟဟု ိတယ္၌က်င္းပရာ (UPDJC) ဥကၠ ဌ၊ ႏု ိင္ငံ ေတာ္ ၏အတု ိင္ပင္ခံ ပု ဂၢိဳလ၊္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစု ၾကည္ တ

က္ေရာက္ အမွာစကား ေျပာၾကားသည္။

Eng: 4104: Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial IV

I. Rearrange the following sentences to form a paragraph. Translate the paragraph and give title.
(a) Mother loves the newborn infant because it is her child, not because the child has fulfilled any specific
condition.
(b) Unconditional love corresponds in one of the deepest longings, not only of the child, but also of every
human being.
(c) Motherly love is by its very nature is unconditional.

(d) Since his love is conditional, his love is not outside of one’s control as motherly love is.

(e) In the nature of fatherly love lies the fact that obedience becomes the main virtue.

**********************

Eng: 4104: Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial IV

I. Rearrange the following sentences to form a paragraph. Translate the paragraph and give title.
(a) Mother loves the newborn infant because it is her child, not because the child has fulfilled any specific
condition.
(b) Unconditional love corresponds in one of the deepest longings, not only of the child, but also of every
human being.
(c) Motherly love is by its very nature is unconditional.
 (d) Since his love is conditional, his love is not outside of one’s control as motherly love is.

(e) In the nature of fatherly love lies the fact that obedience becomes the main virtue.

**********************

Eng: 4104: Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial IV

I. Rearrange the following sentences to form a paragraph. Translate the paragraph and give title.
(a) Mother loves the newborn infant because it is her child, not because the child has fulfilled any specific
condition.
(b) Unconditional love corresponds in one of the deepest longings, not only of the child, but also of every
human being.
(c) Motherly love is by its very nature is unconditional.

(d) Since his love is conditional, his love is not outside of one’s control as motherly love is.

(e) In the nature of fatherly love lies the fact that obedience becomes the main virtue.

**********************

V. (A) Translate the following paragraph into Myanmar.

Motherly love is by its very nature is unconditional. Mother loves the newborn infant because it is her child,
not because the child has fulfilled any specific condition, or lived up to any specific expectation.
Unconditional love corresponds in one of the deepest longings, not only of the child, but of every human
beings; on the other hand, to be loved because of one’s merit, because one deserves it, always leaves doubt;
maybe I did not please the person whom I want to love me, maybe this or that there is always a fear that
love could disappear.
In the nature of fatherly love lies the fact that obedience becomes the main virtue, that disobedience is the
main sin and its punishment the withdrawal of fatherly love. The positive side is equally important. Since his
love is conditional, I can do something to acquire it, I can work for it, his love is not outside of my control as
motherly love is.

Eng: 5204: Effective Negotiating & Effective Meetings Tutorial (II)

Read the article and complete the missing information.
 (a) Be sure to stick to your one and only goal, (d) But be sure everyone speaks – preferably
no matter what! at the same time!
(b) Above all, don’t ask any questions! (e) It doesn’t make any difference who else is
(c) They will be impressive by your flexibility. at the table.
Leave money on the negotiating table!
1. Avoid making agenda: The last thing you want is for both sides to know about what points come next.
There’s plenty of time for chatting about whatever comes to mind. …..(1)…..
2. Get into negotiation unprepared: Preparation is a waste of time. Besides, you already know everything
there is to know. …..(2)…..You have your price and terms. They simply will have to take it or leave it.
And, of course, you’ll impress your boss with the ability to think on your feet.
3. Alternatives only complicate the negotiation: …..(3)…..Finding alternatives to the problem only makes
the whole negotiation more complicated, extends the length of the negotiation and keeps you away
from more important problems at your desk. Don’t consider any alternatives from the other party,
either.
4. Focus on your own interest: Don’t worry about listening to what the other party wants or needs! It’s only
important that you reach your goal. …..(4)…..This will distract you from your goal. Remember, time is
money. So get directly and immediately to your goal.
5. Avoid clear role: Always have at least five members of your team at the negotiation table! The more, the
better! …..(5)….. Remember to keep key information from your own members for as long as possible.
They will applaud you on your ability to keep a secret.
*********************************
Eng: 5204: Effective Negotiating & Effective Meetings Tutorial (II)
Read the article and complete the missing information.
(a) Be sure to stick to your one and only goal, (d) But be sure everyone speaks – preferably
no matter what! at the same time!
(b) Above all, don’t ask any questions! (e) It doesn’t make any difference who else is
(c) They will be impressive by your flexibility. at the table.
Leave money on the negotiating table!
1. Avoid making agenda: The last thing you want is for both sides to know about what points come next.
There’s plenty of time for chatting about whatever comes to mind. …..(1)…..
2. Get into negotiation unprepared: Preparation is a waste of time. Besides, you already know everything
there is to know. …..(2)…..You have your price and terms. They simply will have to take it or leave it.
And, of course, you’ll impress your boss with the ability to think on your feet.
3. Alternatives only complicate the negotiation: …..(3)…..Finding alternatives to the problem only makes
the whole negotiation more complicated, extends the length of the negotiation and keeps you away
from more important problems at your desk. Don’t consider any alternatives from the other party,
either.
4. Focus on your own interest: Don’t worry about listening to what the other party wants or needs! It’s only
important that you reach your goal. …..(4)…..This will distract you from your goal. Remember, time is
money. So get directly and immediately to your goal.
5. Avoid clear role: Always have at least five members of your team at the negotiation table! The more, the
better! …..(5)….. Remember to keep key information from your own members for as long as possible.
They will applaud you on your ability to keep a secret.
 Eng: 5204: Effective Negotiating & Effective Meetings Tutorial (II)
III. (B) Read the article and complete the missing information.
(a) Be sure to stick to your one and only goal, no matter what!
(b) Above all, don’t ask any questions!
(c) They will be impressive by your flexibility.
(d) But be sure everyone speaks – preferably at the same time!
(e) It doesn’t make any difference who else is at the table.
Leave money on the negotiating table!
1. Avoid making agenda: The last thing you want is for both sides to know about what points come next.
There’s plenty of time for chatting about whatever comes to mind. …..(1)…..
2. Get into negotiation unprepared: Preparation is a waste of time. Besides, you already know everything there
is to know. …..(2)…..You have your price and terms. They simply will have to take it or leave it. And, of
course, you’ll impress your boss with the ability to think on your feet.
3. Alternatives only complicate the negotiation: …..(3)…..Finding alternatives to the problem only makes the
whole negotiation more complicated, extends the length of the negotiation and keeps you away from more
important problems at your desk. Don’t consider any alternatives from the other party, either.
4. Focus on your own interest: Don’t worry about listening to what the other party wants or needs! It’s only
important that you reach your goal. …..(4)…..This will distract you from your goal. Remember, time is money.
So get directly and immediately to your goal.
5. Avoid clear role: Always have at least five members of your team at the negotiation table! The more, the
better! …..(5)….. Remember to keep key information from your own members for as long as possible. They
will applaud you on your ability to keep a secret.

I. Rearrange the following sentences to form a paragraph. Translate the paragraph and give title.
(a) Mother loves the newborn infant because it is her child, not because the child has fulfilled any specific
condition.
(b) Unconditional love corresponds in one of the deepest longings, not only of the child, but also of every
human being.
(c) Motherly love is by its very nature is unconditional.

(d) In the nature of fatherly love lies the fact that obedience becomes the main virtue.

(e) Since his love is conditional, his love is not outside of one’s control as motherly love is.

Eng: 5204: English for Negotiating & English for Meeting: Tutorial (I)
Q) You are Myat Hnin Thazin, Managing Director from Lover’s Home, which sells domestic cleaning

materials in Myanmar. You have already informed your partner company in Japan,

Japanoramic Home, that you are going to have an important meeting next week in Yangon, at

which you will be discussing on how to merge two companies, to manage business procedures,

shareholders, product distribution, staff issue, etc. Prepare an agenda for the information

given above. Include the following topics.

 Decision on amalgamation of headquarters

 Advertising & branding

 Product Distribution

 Staff training

******************************

Eng: 5204: English for Negotiating & English for Meeting: Tutorial (I)

Q) You are Myat Hnin Thazin, Managing Director from Lover’s Home, which sells domestic

cleaning materials in Yangon, Myanmar. You have already informed your partner company

Japanoramic Home, Tokyo, Japan, that you are going to have an important meeting next week

in Yangon, at which you will be discussing on how to merge two companies, to manage

business procedures, shareholders, product distribution, staff issue, etc. Prepare an agenda for

the information given above. Include the following topics.

 Decision on amalgamation of headquarters

 Advertising & branding

 Product Distribution

 Staff training

****************************
 Eng: 5204: English for Negotiating & English for Meeting: Tutorial (I)
Q) You are Myat Hnin Thazin, Managing Director from Lover’s Home, which sells domestic cleaning
materials in Myanmar. You have already informed your partner company in Japan,
Japanoramic Home, that you are going to have an important meeting next week in Yangon, at
which you will be discussing on how to merge two companies, to manage business procedures,
shareholders, product distribution, staff issue, etc. Prepare an agenda for the information
given above. Include the following topics.
 Decision on amalgamation of headquarters
 Advertising & branding
 Product Distribution
 Staff training
****************************
Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.
1. Mandalay Region emphasizes decline of criminal cases
2. President U Thein Sein sends message of felicitations to Cuba
3. 2005 Anti-trafficking in Persons Law will be rewritten next year
4. Record-breaking off-shore gas reserve discovered by local company
5. National University of Arts and Culture confers degrees on graduates
6. South China plant blasts kill 17, injure 20
7. US to station 150 armoured vehicles in Europe
8. Refugee crisis could shake up German political landscape in 2016
9. Japan to boost drills to counter cyberattacks ahead of 2020 Olympics
10. Hong Kong bookseller’s disappearance sparks protests at Bejing Office
****************************
 Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (I)
I. Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.
1. Mandalay Region emphasizes decline of criminal cases
2. President U Thein Sein sends message of felicitations to Cuba
3. 2005 Anti-trafficking in Persons Law will be rewritten next year
4. Record-breaking off-shore gas reserve discovered by local company
5. National University of Arts and Culture confers degrees on graduates
6. South China plant blasts kill 17, injure 20
7. US to station 150 armoured vehicles in Europe
8. Refugee crisis could shake up German political landscape in 2016
9. Japan to boost drills to counter cyberattacks ahead of 2020 Olympics
10. Hong Kong bookseller’s disappearance sparks protests at Bejing Office
****************************
Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (I)
I. Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.
1. Mandalay Region emphasizes decline of criminal cases
2. President U Thein Sein sends message of felicitations to Cuba
3. 2005 Anti-trafficking in Persons Law will be rewritten next year
4. Record-breaking off-shore gas reserve discovered by local company
5. National University of Arts and Culture confers degrees on graduates
6. South China plant blasts kill 17, injure 20
7. US to station 150 armoured vehicles in Europe
8. Refugee crisis could shake up German political landscape in 2016
9. Japan to boost drills to counter cyberattacks ahead of 2020 Olympics
10. Hong Kong bookseller’s disappearance sparks protests at Bejing Office
 Eng 5204: Translation & Interpretation Tutorial (I)
Translate the following News article.
A GRAND ceremony was held at Nay Pyi Taw City Hall in commemoration of Myanmar’s 68 th Independence Day
yesterday. The ceremony featured the raising and saluting of the national flag.
The flag was hoisted at 4:20 am, the hour when Myanmar gained her independence from the British Empire.
Civil servants, police officers, members of the Red Cross and fire services and local residents totaling 3,000 people
attended the ceremony.
A ceremony to salute the national flag was held at 6:45 am. Vice President Dr. Sai Mauk Kham, who is also the
chairman of the Central Committee for Organising the 68 th Independence Day, took the salute from the Guard of
Honour and saluted the flag together with the people.
Those present at the ceremony also paid tribute to fallen heroes and took the four-point oath. Vice President Dr.
Sai Mauk Kham also read a message sent by President U Thein Sein on the occasion of the 68th Independence Day.
Also present at the ceremony were deputy speakers of the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyothar Hluttaw, Union
ministers, officials from Nay Pyi Taw Council, senior military officers and members of ethnic minority
communities.
*************************************
Eng 5204: Translation & Interpretation Tutorial (I)
Translate the following News article.
A GRAND ceremony was held at Nay Pyi Taw City Hall in commemoration of Myanmar’s 68 th Independence Day
yesterday. The ceremony featured the raising and saluting of the national flag.
The flag was hoisted at 4:20 am, the hour when Myanmar gained her independence from the British Empire.
Civil servants, police officers, members of the Red Cross and fire services and local residents totaling 3,000 people
attended the ceremony.
A ceremony to salute the national flag was held at 6:45 am. Vice President Dr. Sai Mauk Kham, who is also the
chairman of the Central Committee for Organising the 68 th Independence Day, took the salute from the Guard of
Honour and saluted the flag together with the people.
Those present at the ceremony also paid tribute to fallen heroes and took the four-point oath. Vice President Dr.
Sai Mauk Kham also read a message sent by President U Thein Sein on the occasion of the 68th Independence Day.
Also present at the ceremony were deputy speakers of the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyothar Hluttaw, Union
ministers, officials from Nay Pyi Taw Council, senior military officers and members of ethnic minority
communities.
*************************************

Today is the 102nd anniversary birthday of General Aung San, our national hero and the architect of
Myanmar independence, should he be still alive. Although he fell victim to crooked assassins over
70 years ago, he is still remembered by the entire mass of people, who are always honouring him,
having high respect for him, being proud of his bravery and patriotic spirit. General Aung San is
always a hero, role model and charismatic leader. People love him for his sacrificing spirit, honour
him for his bravery and respect him for his possession of six characteristics of a patron. His honesty,
uprightness, wisdom and good leadership skills have won him the love and trust of his fellow
politicians and military personnel.

Although learning from computer and televisions is comfortable, it is void of disciplined

learning environment provided by schools. Schools provide balanced atmosphere where each
subject is given equal importance and is taught on a regular basis. This leads to an overall
development of children. This discipline is absent in learning through computers and televisions
at home. We are inclined to subjects which appeal to us. Some children find art and crafts as
interesting while others find match and science more interesting. This erratic and unbalanced
reading inhibits overall development. Moreover children are too young to decide what they
should learn or should not. At this situation schools prove to be beneficial where teachers know
their students and give individual attentions to improve skills.
၁။ ပြင့္လင္းရာသီ ေရာက္ရွိလာ၍ မီးသတ္ယာဥ္မ်ား ၾက့ ့ံ ခု ိင္မႈ စစ္ေဆး

၂။ ျမန္မာ့ ကမ္းလြန္ ေရနက္ပုိင္းလု ပ္ကြ က္အ မွတ္ 7D တြင္ သဘာဝဓါတ္ေငြ႕ ထပ္မံ ရွာေဖြေတြ႕ရွိ

၃။ တု ိးတက္ေျပာင္းလဲလာေသာ ေခတ္စနစ္ႏွင့္အညီ အခြန္စနစ္မ်ား ျပဳျပင္ ေျပာင္းလဲေဆာင္ရြက္မည္

၄။ ေယာရု ိးရာ ဝတ္စုံ အလွျပိဳင္ပြဲ ဂန္႕ေဂါ၌ က်င္းပ

၅။ သစ္ေတာဥပေဒ အက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္မႈရွိေရး အလု ပ္ရုံေဆြးေႏြး

၆။ မိတၴီလာျမိဳ႕နယ္၌ ေႏြရာသီတြင္ ေသာက္သုံးေရ ျပတ္လပ္မႈ မရွိေစေရး ၾကိဳတင္ညႇိနု ိင္းေဆာင္ရြက္

၇။ အာရွအၾကီးဆုံ း စကၤာပူ ေလေၾကာင္းျပပြဲ က်င္းပ

၈။ ျမန္မာ ကု ိးရီးယား ခ်စ္ၾကည္ေရးတံ တား ေလးႏွစ္ေက်ာ္ကာလအတြင္း အျပီးတည္ေဆာက္မည္

၉။ ရပ္ရြာအေျချပဳ ခရီးသြားလု ပ္င န္း ဖြံ ႕ျဖိဳးတု ိးတက္ေစေရး အသိပညာျမွင့္တင္မႈဆု ိင္ရာေဆြးေႏြး

၁၀။ အမ်ားျပည္သူ ယုံ ၾကည္အ ားထားရမည့္ ဘတ္စ္ကားလု ိင္းသစ္ စတင္ေျပးဆြဲျပီ

၁။ ထု ိင္ဝမ္ ေျမငလ်င္ လူ ၃ဝဝ ေက်ာ္ အပ်က္အ စီးမ်ားၾကား ပိတ္မိေနဆဲျဖစ္

၂။ အေမရိကန္ အေရွ႕ဘက္ ကမ္းေျခတြင္ ႏွင္းမု န္တုိင္းဝင္ေရာက္၊ ေလေၾကာင္းခရီးစဥ္ ၁၆၀၀ ဖ်က္သိမ္း

၃။ အဘူ ဒါဘီ အိမ္ေရွ႕စံ မင္းသား အိႏၵယသု ိ႔ သုံ းရက္ၾကာခရီး ေရာက္ရွိ

၄။ ေျမာက္ကုိရီးယားကု ိ အေမရိကန္ဒဏ္ခတ္ပိတ္ဆုိ႔ရန္ ကန္႔ကြက္မဲမရွိ ဆုံ းျဖတ္

၅။ ကု ိလံ ဘီယာႏု ိင္ငံ ၌ ဇီကာဗု ိင္းရပ္စ္ ကူ းစက္ခံ ရသူ ကု ိယ္ဝန္ေဆာင္ ၃၁၀၀ ရွိ
 Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (I)
I. Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.

1. Mandalay Region emphasizes decline of criminal cases

2. President U Thein Sein sends message of felicitations to Cuba

3. 2005 Anti-trafficking in Persons Law will be rewritten next year

4. Record-breaking off-shore gas reserve discovered by local company

5. National University of Arts and Culture confers degrees on graduates

6. South China plant blasts kill 17, injure 20

7. US to station 150 armoured vehicles in Europe

8. Refugee crisis could shake up German political landscape in 2016

9. Japan to boost drills to counter cyberattacks ahead of 2020 Olympics

10. Hong Kong bookseller’s disappearance sparks protests at Bejing Office

****************************

Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (I)

I. Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.

1. Mandalay Region emphasizes decline of criminal cases

2. President U Thein Sein sends message of felicitations to Cuba

3. 2005 Anti-trafficking in Persons Law will be rewritten next year

4. Record-breaking off-shore gas reserve discovered by local company

5. National University of Arts and Culture confers degrees on graduates

6. South China plant blasts kill 17, injure 20

7. US to station 150 armoured vehicles in Europe

8. Refugee crisis could shake up German political landscape in 2016

9. Japan to boost drills to counter cyberattacks ahead of 2020 Olympics

10. Hong Kong bookseller’s disappearance sparks protests at Bejing Office

1. MERS under control in Thailand

ထို ္င ္းတြင္ မားစ္ေရာဂါ ပ်ံ႕ပြားမႈ ထိမ္းခ်ဳပ္ႏု ိင္

2. Japan to host G-7 summit, 26-27 May next year

လာမည္႔ႏွစ္ G-7 ထိပ္သီးညီလာခံ ကု ိ ဂ်ပန္က အိမ္ရွင္အျဖစ္ လက္ခံ က်င္းပမည္

3. Syrian Kurds seize military base from Islamic State

ဆီးရီးယား ကာ့ ဒ္ တပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ား IS စစ္အေျခစု ိက္စခန္းမ်ား သိမ္းပု ိက္

4. US-ASEAN Business Council discuss ICT development in Myanmar

အေမရိကန္-အာဆီယံ စီးပြားေရးေကာင္စီ ျမန္မာ ICT ဖြံ ႕ျဖိဳးေရး ေဆြးေႏြး

5. North Korean sentences two South Korean men to life imprisonment

ေတာင္ကုိရီးယားႏု ိင္ငံ သားႏွစ္ဦးကု ိ ေျမာက္ကုိရီးယားက တစ္သက္တ စ္က ၽြန္းျပစ္ဒဏ္စီရင္

II. Translate the following news headlines into English.

1. ေရဆင္းတကၠသု ိလ္၌ စစ္တုရင္ျပိဳင္ပြဲမ်ားက်င္းပ

Chess competitions held at Yezin University

2. ရခု ိင္ျပည္နယ္တြ င္း မဲေပးႏု ိင္သူ ၁ သန္း ၃သိ္န ္းေက်ာ္ရွိ

Over 1.3 million voters in Rakhine State

3. တယ္လီေနာကြ န္ယက္က ုိ ေတာင္ၾကီး၌ စတင္မိတ္ဆ က္

Telenor network first introduced in Taung-gyi

4. ေက်းလက္ဖြံ ံ ႕ျဖိဳးေရး လု ပ္င န္းမ်ားျမွင့္တင္ရန္ ဂ်ာမနီကယူ ရု ိ ၂၅သန္း ကူ ညီ

Germany aids Euro 25 million to upgrade rural development in Myanmar

5. မႏၲေလးတြင္ ေနေရာင္ျခည္စြမ္းအင္သုံး ဓါတ္အ ားေပးစက္ရုံတည္ေဆာက္မည္

Solar generator plant to build in Mandalay Region

****************************************

Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation Tutorial (2)

A: Hey, have you seen this?
မင္း သိ ျပီးပလား B: What? ဘာ သတင္း လဲ

A: Here, look: “University students hitchhike for charity.”

ဒီမယ္ေလ တကၠ သု ိလ္ ေက်ာင္းသားေတြ အလႈလု ပ္ဖုိ႔ ကားၾကဳံ စီးၾကတာ

B: It’s Alex and Isabelle! So what’s the story?

ဒါ … အဲလက္စ္နဲ႔ အစ္စဘယ္လာ ပဲ … ဘာျဖစ္တာလည္း
A: Well, apparently they were part of a group of students who have hitchhiked from Land’s End to John O’ Groats to
raise money for charity.
ေအး .. သူ တု ိ႔က ေက်ာင္းသား အဖြဲ႕ဝင္ေတြေလ.. ရံ ပုံ ေငြ ေထာင္ဖုိ႔ Land’s End ကေန John O’ Groats ထိ ကားၾကံ ဳ စီးၾက
တာ….
B: That’s a long way to hitch…. And what charity was it?
အု ိး တကယ႔္ အေဝးၾ႔ကီးပဲ … ဒါနဲ႔ … ဘာ ရံ ပုံ ေငြပြဲ လဲ ….

A: Let’s see …. yeah, a local children’s hospital….. yeah, and it seems although ten of them set out together, only four of
them actually arrived.
ဒီမွာ.. ပါတယ္ … ဒီနယ္က၊ ကေလးေဆးရုံ အတြက္တဲ႔ .. သူ တု ိ႔အဖြဲ႔ (၁၀) ေယာက္မွာ (၄) ေယာက္ပဲ ပန္းတု ိင္ေရာက္တ ာ ကြ..
B: What do you mean, only four of them arrived? Did the others get lost or something?
(၄) ေယာက္ပဲ ေရာက္တ ယ္ ဟု တ္ … ဘာလဲ.. လမ္းမွားကု န္တာလား..ဒါမွမဟု တ္ တစ္ခုခု ျဖစ္လုိ႔လား..
A: No, the thing was they had a time limit; they had to get to John O’Groats in less than two days. See, there’s a photo
here of their friends and families seeing them off from Land’s End last Friday, and it says here that they had to get to
John O’Groats by midday on Sunday.
ဘာမွမျဖစ္ဘူး.. သူ တု ိ႔က အခ်ိန္အကန္႔အသတ္နဲ႔ ကြ.. John O’Groats ကု ိ (၂) ရက္ အတြင္း ေရာက္ရမွာ .. ဒီမယ္ေလ ..သူ တု ိ႔ မိသားစု ၊ အေပါင္းအ
သင္း ေတြ .. ျပီးခဲ႔တဲ႔ ေသာၾကာေန႔က Land’s End ကု ိ လု ိက္ပုိ႔တဲ႔ ပုံ …. John O’Groats ကု ိ တနဂၤေႏြေန႔ ေန႔ခင္း၊
ေရာက္ရမယ္တဲ့ …..
B: And they made it there in time?
ဒါဆု ိ … သူ တု ိ႔ အခ်ိန္မွီေရာ ေရာက္ရဲ႕လား ….
A: Yeah, not only that, they broke the record, too…. It only took them ten hours and twenty minutes.
ေရာက္ရုံတင္ ဘယ္ က မလည္း … စံ ခ်ိန္ ေတာင္ ခ်ိဳးလု ိက္ေသးတယ္ … (၁၀) နာရီနဲ႔ မိနစ္(၂၀) ပဲ ၾကာတယ္..
B: Ten hours? What dd they do? Hire a helicopter or something?
(၁၀) နာရီ … တကယ္လား …. ဘယ္လုိ လု ပ္ေရာက္ သလည္း… ရဟတ္ယာဥ္ မ်ား ငွားသြားတာ လား…
A: Well, it says here that they were really lucky with their first lift. A van picked them up after only five minutes and took
them almost all the way. It dropped them off just 20 minutes’ walk from the finishing line.
ဘယ္ဟု တ္မလဲ.. ပထမဆုံ း ကားၾကံ ဳစီး ကတည္းက သူ တု ိ႔အဖြဲ႕ က၊ ကံ ေကာင္းတာ .. (၅)မိနစ္ေလာက္ပဲ ေလွ်ာက္ရေသးတယ္ van တစ္စီးနဲ႔
ေတြ႔ ျပီး တစ္လမ္းလုံ း တင္ေခၚသြားတာ… ပန္းတု ိင္ေရာက္ဖုိ႔ မိနစ္ (၂၀) စာေလာက္ေရာက္မွသူ တု ိ႔ ကု ိ ခ် ေပးလု ိက္တ ာ .
B: And what happened to the others, then?
အဲဒါဆု ိ တျခားသူ ေတြ က ေရာ.. ဘယ္လုိလည္း …..
A: Looks like they gave up and turned for home.
အင္း … သူ တု ိ႔ကေတာ့ လက္ေလွ်ာ့ ျပီး အိမ္ျပန္ၾကမွာေပါ့ကြာ …

Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation Tutorial (I)

I. Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.

1. MERS under control in Thailand

2. Japan to host G-7 summit, 26-27 May next year

3. Syrian Kurds seize military base from Islamic State

4. US-ASEAN Business Council discuss ICT development in Myanmar

5. North Korean sentences two South Korean men to life imprisonment

II. Translate the following news headlines into English.

1. ေရဆင္းတကၠသု ိလ္၌ စစ္တုရင္ျပိဳင္ပြဲမ်ားက်င္းပ

2. ရခု ိင္ျပည္နယ္တြ င္း မဲေပးႏု ိင္သူ ၁ သန္း ၃သိ္န ္းေက်ာ္ရွိ

3. တယ္လီေနာကြ န္ယက္က ုိ ေတာင္ၾကီး၌ စတင္မိတ္ဆ က္

4. ေက်းလက္ဖြံ ံ ႕ျဖိဳးေရး လု ပ္င န္းမ်ားျမွင့္တင္ရန္ ဂ်ာမနီကယူ ရု ိ ၂၅သန္း ကူ ညီ

5. မႏၲေလးတြင္ ေနေရာင္ျခည္စြမ္းအင္သုံး ဓါတ္အ ားေပးစက္ရုံတည္ေဆာက္မည္

Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation Tutorial (I)

I. Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.

1. Over 1.3 million voters in Rakhine State

2. Chess competitions held in Yezin University

3. Telenor network first introduced in Taung-gyi

4. Solar generator factory to build in Mandalay Region

5. Germany aids Euro 25 million to upgrade rural development in Myanmar

II. Translate the following news headlines into English.

1. ထို ္င ္းတြင္ မားစ္ေရာဂါ ပ်ံ႕ပြားမႈ ထိမ္းခ်ဳပ္ႏု ိင္

2. ဆီးရီးယား ကာ့ ဒ္ တပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ား IS စစ္အေျခစု ိက္စခန္းမ်ား သိမ္းပု ိက္

3. အေမရိကန္-အာဆီယံ စီးပြားေရးေကာင္စီ ျမန္မာ ICT ဖြံ ႕ျဖိဳးေရး ေဆြးေႏြး

4. လာမည္႔ႏွစ္ G-7 ထိပ္သီးညီလာခံ ကု ိ ဂ်ပန္က အိမ္ရွင္အျဖစ္ လက္ခံ က်င္းပမည္

5. ေတာင္ကုိရီးယားႏု ိင္ငံ သားႏွစ္ဦးကု ိ ေျမာက္ကုိရီးယားက တစ္သက္တ စ္က ၽြန္းျပစ္ဒဏ္စီရင္

****************************************

Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation Tutorial (I) Section (B)

I. Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.

1. Over 1.3 million voters in Rakhine State

2. Chess competitions held in Yezin University

3. Telenor network first introduced in Taung-gyi

4. Solar generator factory to build in Mandalay Region

5. Germany aids Euro 25 million to upgrade rural development in Myanmar

II. Translate the following news headlines into English.

1. ထို ္င ္းတြင္ မားစ္ေရာဂါ ပ်ံ႕ပြားမႈ ထိမ္းခ်ဳပ္ႏု ိင္

2. ဆီးရီးယား ကာ့ ဒ္ တပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ား IS စစ္အေျခစု ိက္စခန္းမ်ား သိမ္းပု ိက္

3. အေမရိကန္-အာဆီယံ စီးပြားေရးေကာင္စီ ျမန္မာ ICT ဖြံ ႕ျဖိဳးေရး ေဆြးေႏြး

4. လာမည္႔ႏွစ္ G-7 ထိပ္သီးညီလာခံ ကု ိ ဂ်ပန္က အိမ္ရွင္အျဖစ္ လက္ခံ က်င္းပမည္

5. ေတာင္ကုိရီးယားႏု ိင္ငံ သားႏွစ္ဦးကု ိ ေျမာက္ကုိရီးယားက တစ္သက္တ စ္က ၽြန္းျပစ္ဒဏ္စီရင္

 Eng: 4112/4212 Translation & Interpretation Tutorial (2)

A: Hey, have you seen this?

B: What?

A: Here, look: “University students hitchhike for charity.”

B: It’s Alex and Isabelle! So what’s the story?

A: Well, apparently they were part of a group of students who have hitchhiked from Land’s End to
John O’ Groats to raise money for charity.

B: That’s a long way to hitch…. And what charity was it?

A: Let’s see …. yeah, a local children’s hospital….. yeah, and it seems although ten of them set out
together, only four of them actually arrived.

B: What do you mean, only four of them arrived? Did the others get lost or something?

A: No, the thing was they had a time limit; they had to get to John O’Groats in less than two days.
See, there’s a photo here of their friends and families seeing them off from Land’s End last Friday,
and it says here that they had to get to John O’Groats by midday on Sunday.

B: And they made it there in time?

A: Yeah, not only that, they broke the record, too…. It only took them ten hours and twenty minutes.

B: Ten hours? What did they do? Hire a helicopter or something?

A: Well, it says here that they were really lucky with their first lift. A van picked them up after only
five minutes and took them almost all the way. It dropped them off just 20 minutes’ walk from the
finishing line.
B: And what happened to the others, then?

A: Looks like threy gave up and turned for home.

ပညာရပ္တစ္ခုလည္းျဖစ္သျဖင့္ အေတြးအေခၚ အယူ အဆမွန္ရန္ အေရးၾကီးသည္။ သု ိ႔မွသာ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ ဆု ိလု ိရင္းအနက္အ ဓိပါၼယ္ေပၚ လြင္ေစရန္ သ
င့္ေလ်ာ္ မွန္က န္သည္ ႔ စကားလုံ းမ်ားကု ိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ႏု ိင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။ ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိရာတြင္ ပုံ ေသနည္းသဖြယ္ သတ္မွတ္ထ ားသည္႔ နည္းစနစ္၊ သု ိ႔မဟု
တ္ နည္းလမ္းဟူ ၍ မရွိေခ်။ မူ ရင္းစာေရးဆရာ၏ အာေဘာ္ကုိ ျခဳံ ငုံ မိေစရန္ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ အနက္အ ဓိပါၼၸယ္ကုိ စာဖတ္သူ ကြက္ကြက္ကြင္းကြင္း ျမင္
လာေစရန္ မိမိႏွစ္သက္ရာနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ျပန္ဆုိႏု ိင္သည္။
******************************

Eng: 4112/4212: Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (3)

1. Glory lies in the attempt to reach one’s goal and not in reaching it.
2. Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot.
3. Being ignorant is not so much a shame, as being unwilling to learn.
4. Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.
5. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.
6. Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow.
7. The man who has no sense of history, is like a man who has no ears or eyes.
8. Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.
9. The philosophy of the school room in one generation will be the philosophy of government in the
next.
10. Most people overestimate what they can do in one year and underestimate what they can do in
ten years.
9

******************************

Eng: 4112/4212: Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (3)

1. Glory lies in the attempt to reach one’s goal and not in reaching it.

2. Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot.

3. Being ignorant is not so much a shame, as being unwilling to learn.

4. Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.

5. Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.

6. Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow.

7. The man who has no sense of history, is like a man who has no ears or eyes.

8. Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.

9. The philosophy of the school room in one generation will be the philosophy of government in the next.

10. Most people overestimate what they can do in one year and underestimate what they can do in ten years.

Eng: 4112/4212: Translation & Interpretation: Tutorial (4)

1. A drowning man will clutch at a straw.
2. Birds of a feather flock together.
3. Cowards die many times before their deaths.
4. Do to others as you would have others do to you.
5. Every cloud has a silver lining.
6. Forewarned is forearmed.
7. God helps those who help themselves.
8. Honesty is the best policy.
9. It is like looking for a needle in a haystack.
10. Learn to walk before you run.
11. Many hands make a light work.
12. Never too old to learn; never too late to turn.
13. One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
14. Pride goes before a fall.
15. Still water runs deep.
16. The pen is mightier than the sword.
17. There are two sides to every question.
18. Variety is the spice of life.
19. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
20. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.
***********************************

1. A drowning man will clutch at a straw. 11. Many hands make a light work.
2. Birds of a feather flock together. 12. Never too old to learn; never too late to turn.
3. Cowards die many times before their deaths. 13. One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
4. Do to others as you would have others do to you. 14. Pride goes before a fall.
5. Every cloud has a silver lining. 15. Still water runs deep.
6. Forewarned is forearmed. 16. The pen is mightier than the sword.
7. God helps those who help themselves. 17. There are two sides to every question.
8. Honesty is the best policy. 18. Variety is the spice of life.
9. It is like looking for a needle in a haystack. 19. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
10. Learn to walk before you run. 20. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make
it drink.
*********************************** 3. A ship is always safe at the shore – but that is not
1. Man needs his difficulties because they are what is built for.
necessary to enjoy success. 4. Two things are infinite: the universe and human
2. You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by stupidity.
evading it today. 5. Logic will get you from A to Z: imagination will get
you everywhere.
6. The difference between genius and stupidity is; 17. Love begins at home, and it is not how much we
genius has its limits. do, but how much love we put in that action.

7. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you 18. Strong minds discuss ideas, average minds discuss
must keep moving. events, weak minds discuss people.

8. At twenty years of age the will reigns; at thirty, the 19. I am the wisest man alive, for I know one thing, and
wit; and at forty, the judgment. that is that I know nothing.

9. To truly laugh, you must be able to take your pain, 20. Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak;
and play with it. courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.

10. The mirror is my best friend because when I cry, it 21. Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.
never laughs.
22. The golden age is before us, not behind us.
11. It’s fine to celebrate success but it is more
23. Never bend your head. Hold it high. Look the world
important to heed the lessons of failure.
straight in the eye.
12. The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in
24. Walking with a friend in the dark is better than
the service of others.
walking alone in the light.
13. Freedom is not worth having if it does not include
25. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in
the freedom to make mistakes.
getting up every time we do.
14. An eye for an eye will only make the whole world
26. The person who masters himself through self-
blind.
control and discipline is truly undefeatable.
15. Strength does not come from physical capacity. It
27. Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the
comes from an indomitable will.
future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.
16. Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the
most terrible poverty.

1. A bird may be known by its song.

2. A burnt child dreads the fire.

3. A fool and his money are soon parted.

4. A fox is not taken twice in the same snare.

5. A friend is never known till needed.

6. A good beginning is half the battle.

7. All that glitter is not gold.

8. A stitch in time saves nine.

9. Actions speak louder than words.

10. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

11. Beauty lies in the lover’s eyes.

12. Better be alone than in ill company.

 13. Better late than never.

14. Blood is thicker than water.

15. Charity begins at home.

16. Don’t cry over split milk.

17. Don’t put off tomorrow what you can do today.

18. Don’t put the cart before the horse.

19. Easier said than done.

20. Empty vessels make the most noise.

21. Fire is a good servant but a bad master.

22. He laughs best who laughs last.

23. It takes two to make a quarrel.

24. Let bygones be bygones.

25. Make hay while the sun shines.

26. Necessities the mother of invention.

27. Opportunity knocks but once.

28. Rome was not built in a day.

29. Strike while the iron is hot.

30. The early bird catches the worms.

31. Too many cooks spoil the soup.

32. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.

1. A drowning man will clutch at a straw.

2. Birds of a feather flock together.

3. Cowards die many times before their deaths.

4. Do to others as you would have others do to you.

5. Every cloud has a silver lining.

6. Forewarned is forearmed.

7. God helps those who help themselves.

8. Honesty is the best policy.

 9. It is like looking for a needle in a haystack.

10. Learn to walk before you run.

11. Many hands make a light work.

12. Never too old to learn; never too late to turn.

13. One man’s meat is another man’s poison.

14. Pride goes before a fall.

15. Still water runs deep.

16. The pen is mightier than the sword.

17. There are two sides to every question.

18. Variety is the spice of life.

19. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

20. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink.

***********************************

Translate the following paragraph into Myanmar.

One needs to take time to improve his skill of translation as it is the specific branch of study. As it is a very subtle and complex, one
needs to keep the proper idea and thinking and so that he can choose the appropriate words. There is no fixed formula or techniques in
translation. We can translate a text in various ways we like in order to cover the original writer’s idea and to provide the readers a vivid
background of it.
ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိျခင္းမွာ သီးျခား အတတ္ပညာ တစ္ရပ္ျဖစ္ေပရာ အခ်ိန္ယူေလ့ လာရန္ လု ိအပ္သည္။ သိမ္ေမြ႕နက္နဲလွသည့္ ပညာရပ္တစ္ခုလည္းျဖစ္သျဖင့္ အေတြးအေခၚ အယူ
အဆမွန္ရန္ အေရးၾကီးသည္။ သု ိ႔မွသာ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ ဆု ိလု ိရင္းအနက္အ ဓိပါၼယ္ေပၚ လြင္ေစရန္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ မွန္က န္သည္ ႔ စကားလုံ းမ်ားကု ိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ႏု ိင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။
ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိရာတြင္ ပုံ ေသနည္းသဖြယ္ သတ္မွတ္ထ ားသည္႔ နည္းစနစ္၊ သု ိ႔မဟု တ္ နည္းလမ္းဟူ ၍ မရွိေခ်။ မူ ရင္းစာေရးဆရာ၏ အာေဘာ္ကုိ ျခဳံ ငုံ မိေစရန္ မူ ရ
င္းစာ၏ အနက္အ ဓိပါၼၸယ္ကုိ စာဖတ္သ ူ ကြက္ကြ က္ကြ င္းကြင္း ျမင္လာေစရန္ မိမိႏွစ္သက္ရာနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ျပန္ဆုိႏု ိင္သည္။
ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိျခင္းမွာ သီးျခား အတတ္ပညာ တစ္ရပ္ျဖစ္ေပရာ အခ်ိန္ယူေလ့ လာရန္ လု ိအပ္သည္။ သိမ္ေမြ႕နက္နဲလွသည့္ ပညာရပ္တစ္ခုလည္းျဖစ္သျဖင့္ အေ
တြးအေခၚ အယူ အဆမွန္ရန္ အေရးၾကီးသည္။ သု ိ႔မွသာ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ ဆု ိလု ိရင္းအနက္အ ဓိပါၼယ္ေပၚ လြင္ေစရန္ သင့္ေလ်ာ္ မွန္က န္သည္ ႔ စကားလုံ း

မ်ားကု ိ ေရြးခ်ယ္ႏု ိင္မည္ျဖစ္သည္။ ဘာသာျပန္ဆုိရာတြင္ ပုံ ေသနည္းသဖြယ္ သတ္မွတ္ထ ားသည္႔ နည္းစနစ္၊ သု ိ႔မဟု တ္ နည္းလမ္းဟူ ၍ မရွိေခ်။ မူ ရ

င္းစာေရးဆရာ၏ အာေဘာ္ကုိ ျခဳံ ငုံ မိေစရန္ မူ ရင္းစာ၏ အနက္အ ဓိပါၼၸယ္ကုိ စာဖတ္သူ ကြက္ကြက္ကြင္းကြင္း ျမင္လာေစရန္ မိမိႏွစ္သက္ရာနည္းလမ္းျဖ
င့္ ျပန္ဆုိႏု ိင္သည္။
At present, photography is the only practical means for universal communication. Consequently the more
universal the appeal of a photograph, the more useful it will be. Photography is picture language. Language
is used only if one has something to say, something that is worth saying, something which makes sense.
Ideas and intentions are important, but even the best of these are, of course wasted unless effectively
transformed into pictures. Facility to express oneself clearly is as important in picture language as it is in
writing.
ဆရာသမားေကာင္းတု ိ႔ကု ိ္ တပည္႕တို ႔ ရ င္ထဲ တစ္သက္တ ာစြဲထင္က်န္ရစ္သည္။ အသင္အျပ ေကာင္းသည့ ္ အခ်ိန္ဆို လွ်င္ တစ္တန္းလုံ း တု ပ္ တု ပ္မွ် မလႈပ္ ။ အပ
င္ပန္းခံ လု ႔ံ လစု ိက္ ႏု ိင္ပါမွ စာသင္ေကာင္းသည္ မည္သည္။သု ိ႔မွသာ ပီတိအရသာ ခံ စားရသည္။ ဆရာသမားေကာင္းတု ိ႔မည္သည္ ဂု ဏ္ပကာသနမမ
က္။ ဓနဥစၥာမလု ိ။ ပညာဥာဏ္ ၊ ၀ါသနာအေလ့ အထုံ ႏွင့္ ျပီးျပည္႕စုံ သည္႔ ျမင့္ျမတ္သူ မ်ားသာျဖစ္သည္။ ဆရာေကာင္းမွန္လွ်င္ ေငြေၾ

ကး လာဘ္လာဘကု ိ မေမွ်ာ္။ တပည့္ငယ္မ်ား အခ်ိန္သင့္တန္၍ လူ တစ္လုံးသူ တစ္လုံး ေပါက္ေျမာက္ေအာင္ျမင္သည္သာ အစဥ္ေမွ်ာ္ကုိးသူ ျဖစ္သည္။

Many people believe that one can be successful if one is committed, honest, faithful or intelligent. But the
foundation of each of these qualities lies in believing the power the person has, and working accordingly to
achieve the goal. There are many people, who are honest, beautiful, good and soft spoken, intelligent and
even faithful, but only some are successful in achieving their goals. While all of these act as the medium for
success, the most important is the power to cope with circumstances and keep our spirit goes on in the most
difficult situations. It is well said that ‘we cannot direct the wind but we can adjust the sail’. Similarly, on the
way to our destination, we will come across a lot of obstacles, but we need to find the way to come across
that situation. This is where success lies. No matter how low we fall, what matters is how high we bounce
back.
အကယ္၍ သက္ရွိထင္ရွား ရွိေနဦးမည္ ဆု ိလွ်င္၊ ယေန႔သည္ ျမန္မာ့ အမ်ိဳးသားသူ ရဲေကာင္းႏွင့္၊ ျမန္မာ့ လြတ္လပ္ေရး ဗိသု ကာ ၾကီး၊ ဗို လ္ခ်ဳပ္ေအာင္ဆ
န္း၏ (၁၀၁) ႏွစ္ေျမာက္ ေမြးေန႔ ျဖစ္သည္။ လြန္ခဲ့သည္႔ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း (၇၀) ေက်ာ္က၊ အေကာက္ၾကံ သူ တု ိ႔၏ လု ပ္ၾကံ မႈကု ိ ခံ ခဲ့ ရေသာ္လ
ည္း၊ သူ ႔ကု ိ (ဗို လ္ခ်ဳပ္) တစ္တုိင္းျပည္လ ုံးကသတိရ၊ တမ္းတေနၾကဆဲ၊ သူ ၏ အံ့ မခန္း မ်ိဳးခ်စ္စိတ္ႏွင့္ ရဲစြမ္းသတၲိ တု ိ႔ကု ိ အေလးအျမတ္ထား၊ ဂု ဏ္ျ
ပဳေနၾကဆဲပင္။ ဗို လ္ခ်ဳပ္သည္ ကၽႊႏ္ု ပ္တုိ႔ တစ္မ်ိဳးသားလုံ း၏၊ ထာဝရ စံ ျပ သူ ူ ရဲေကာင္း ျဖစ္ရုံသာမက၊ ျမင့္ျမတ္သည္႕ ေခါင္းေဆာင္တစ္ဦးလ
ည္း ျဖစ္သည္။ လူ ထု က၊ သူ ၏ အနစ္နာခံ စိတ္ကုိ ခ်စ္သည္။ သူ ၏ ရဲဝံ့ မႈကု ိ ဂု ဏ္ယ ူသည္။ သူ ၏ နာယကဂု ဏ္ျပည္႕စုံ မႈကု ိ ေလးစားတန္ဖုိးထားသည္။ သူ ၏
ရု ိးဂု ဏ္၊ ေျဖာင့္မတ္တ ည္ၾကည္ပုံ၊ ဥာဏ္ပညာၾကီးျမင့္ပုံ ႏွင့္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေကာင္း ပီသပုံ တု ိ႕ေၾကာင့္၊ ယေန႕ထက္တ ုိင္ ျမန္မာလူ ထု တစ္ရပ္လုံး
သာမက၊ ႏု ိင္ငံ ေရးသမားမ်ား၊ တပ္မေတာ္ အမႈထမ္းအရာထမ္း မ်ားက၊ ဗို လ္ခ်ဳပ္ အေပၚ၊ ယုံ ၾကည္ကုိးစား၊ ေမတၲာထားၾကျခင္းျဖစ္ေပသည္။

7. All mankind is divided into three classes: those that are movable, those that are movable, and those that move.

1. Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success.

2. You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today.

3. A ship is always safe at the shore – but that is not what is built for.

4. Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity.

5. Logic will get you from A to Z: imagination will get you everywhere.

6. The difference between genius and stupidity is; genius has its limits.

7. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.

8. At twenty years of age the will reigns; at thirty, the wit; and at forty, the judgment.

9. To truly laugh, you must be able to take your pain, and play with it.

10. The mirror is my best friend because when I cry, it never laughs.

11. It’s fine to celebrate success but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure.
12. The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.

13. Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes.

14. An eye for an eye will only make the whole world blind.

15. Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will.

16. Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty.

17. Love begins at home, and it is not how much we do, but how much love we put in that action.

18. Strong minds discuss ideas, average minds discuss events, weak minds discuss people.

19. I am the wisest man alive, for I know one thing, and that is that I know nothing.

20. Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.

21. Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.

22. The golden age is before us, not behind us.

23. Never bend your head. Hold it high. Look the world straight in the eye.
24. Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light.

25. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in getting up every time we do.

26. The person who masters himself through self-control and discipline is truly undefeatable.

27. Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.

ဆရာသမားေကာင္းတု ိ႔ကု ိ္ တပည္႕တို ႔ ရ င္ထဲ တစ္သက္တ ာစြဲထင္က်န္ရစ္သည္။ အသင္အျပ ေကာင္းသည့ ္ အခ်ိန္ဆို လွ်င္ တစ္တန္းလုံ း တု ပ္ တု ပ္မွ် မလႈပ္ ။ အပ
င္ပန္းခံ လု ႔ံ လစု ိက္ ႏု ိင္ပါမွလည္း စာသင္ေကာင္းသည္ မည္သည္။ ဆရာတု ိ႔ ပီတိျဖာရသည္။ ဆရာသမားေကာင္းတု ိ႔မည္သည္ ဂု ဏ္ပကာသနမမက္။
ဓနဥစၥာမလု ိ။ ပညာဥာဏ္၊ ၀ါသနာအေလ့ အထုံ ႏွင့္ ျပီးျပည္႕စုံ သည္႔ ျမင့္ျမတ္သူမ်ားသာျဖစ္သည္။ ဆရာေကာင္းမွန္သမွ ် ေငြေၾကး လာဘ္

လာဘကု ိ မေမွ်ာ္။ မိမိတပည့္ငယ္မ်ား အခ်ိန္တ န္သင့္၍ လူ တစ္လုံးသူ တစ္လုံး ေပါက္ေျမာက္ေအာင္ျမင္သည္ကုိ သာ အစဥ္ေမွ်ာ္ကုိး သည္။
There is a saying, “Charity begins at home”. A person who is kind at heart and possesses compassion from
his early days towards the weak and needy in the society, is generally found to help and make gifts to the
poor when he grows old. He finds joy and satisfaction in giving alms to a beggar, or renders some financial
relief to the needy persons who are near at hand. Thus charity begins at home. In other words, charity, a
noble quality in man, brings welfare in the society.
*******************************
ဆရာသမားေကာင္းတု ိ႔ကု ိ္ တပည္႕တို ႔ ရ င္ထဲ တစ္သက္တ ာစြဲထင္က်န္ရစ္သည္။ အသင္အျပ ေကာင္းသည့ ္ အခ်ိန္ဆို လွ်င္ တစ္တန္းလုံ း တု ပ္ တု ပ္မွ် မလႈပ္ ။ အပ
င္ပန္းခံ လု ႔ံ လစု ိက္ ႏု ိင္ပါမွလည္း စာသင္ေကာင္းသည္ မည္သည္။ ဆရာတု ိ႔ ပီတိျဖာရသည္။ ဆရာသမားေကာင္းတု ိ႔မည္သည္ ဂု ဏ္ပကာသနမမက္။
ဓနဥစၥာမလု ိ။ ပညာဥာဏ္၊ ၀ါသနာအေလ့ အထုံ ႏွင့္ ျပီးျပည္႕စုံ သည္႔ ျမင့္ျမတ္သူမ်ားသာျဖစ္သည္။ ဆရာေကာင္းမွန္သမွ ် ေငြေၾကး လာဘ္

လာဘကု ိ မေမွ်ာ္။ မိမိတပည့္ငယ္မ်ား အခ်ိန္တ န္သင့္၍ လူ တစ္လုံးသူ တစ္လုံး ေပါက္ေျမာက္ေအာင္ျမင္သည္ကုိ သာ အစဥ္ေမွ်ာ္ကုိး သည္။

There is a saying, “Charity begins at home”. A person who is kind at heart and possesses compassion from
his early days towards the weak and needy in the society, is generally found to help and make gifts to the
poor when he grows old. He finds joy and satisfaction in giving alms to a beggar, or renders some financial
relief to the needy persons who are near at hand. Thus charity begins at home. In other words, charity, a
noble quality in man, brings welfare in the society.
*******************************
ဆရာသမားေကာင္းတု ိ႔ကု ိ္ တပည္႕တို ႔ ရ င္ထဲ တစ္သက္တ ာစြဲထင္က်န္ရစ္သည္။ အသင္အျပ ေကာင္းသည့ ္ အခ်ိန္ဆို လွ်င္ တစ္တန္းလုံ း တု ပ္ တု ပ္မွ် မလႈပ္ ။ အပ
င္ပန္းခံ လု ႔ံ လစု ိက္ ႏု ိင္ပါမွလည္း စာသင္ေကာင္းသည္ မည္သည္။ ဆရာတု ိ႔ ပီတိျဖာရသည္။ ဆရာသမားေကာင္းတု ိ႔မည္သည္ ဂု ဏ္ပကာသနမမက္။
ဓနဥစၥာမလု ိ။ ပညာဥာဏ္၊ ၀ါသနာအေလ့ အထုံ ႏွင့္ ျပီးျပည္႕စုံ သည္႔ ျမင့္ျမတ္သူမ်ားသာျဖစ္သည္။ ဆရာေကာင္းမွန္သမွ ် ေငြေၾကး လာဘ္

လာဘကု ိ မေမွ်ာ္။ မိမိတပည့္ငယ္မ်ား အခ်ိန္တ န္သင့္၍ လူ တစ္လုံးသူ တစ္လုံး ေပါက္ေျမာက္ေအာင္ျမင္သည္ကုိ သာ အစဥ္ေမွ်ာ္ကုိး သည္။

There is a saying, “Charity begins at home”. A person who is kind at heart and possesses compassion from
his early days towards the weak and needy in the society, is generally found to help and make gifts to the
poor when he grows old. He finds joy and satisfaction in giving alms to a beggar, or renders some financial
relief to the needy persons who are near at hand. Thus charity begins at home. In other words, charity, a
noble quality in man, brings welfare in the society.
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The Concept of Translation: The term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general
subject field, the product or the process. The process of translation between two different languages
involves the translator changing an original written text (ST) in the original verbal language (SL) into a written
text (TT) in a different verbal language (TL). This corresponds to ‘interlingual translation’. According to
Roman Jakobson (2000), there are three types of translation:

1. Intralingual translation, or rewording: ‘an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the
same language’:

2. Interlingual translation, or translation proper: ‘an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other
language’:
3. Intersemiotic translation, or transmutation: ‘an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-
verbal sign system’:

Intralingual translation would occur when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain
something we might have said or written. Intersemiotic translation would occur if a written text were
translated into music, film or painting. It is interlingual translation which is the traditional focus of translation
studies.
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I. Translate the following news headlines into Myanmar.

1. MERS under control in Thailand

2. Japan to host G-7 summit, 26-27 May next year

3. Syrian Kurds seize military base from Islamic State

4. US-ASEAN Business Council discuss ICT development in Myanmar

5. North Korean sentences two South Korean men to life imprisonment

II. Translate the following news headlines into English.

1. ေရဆင္းတကၠသု ိလ္၌ စစ္တုရင္ျပိဳင္ပြဲမ်ားက်င္းပ

2. ရခု ိင္ျပည္နယ္တြ င္း မဲေပးႏု ိင္သူ ၁ သန္း ၃သိ္န ္းေက်ာ္ရွိ

3. တယ္လီေနာကြ န္ယက္က ုိ ေတာင္ၾကီး၌ စတင္မိတ္ဆက္

4. ေက်းလက္ဖြံ ံ ႕ျဖိဳးေရး လု ပ္င န္းမ်ားျမွင့္တင္ရန္ ဂ်ာမနီကယူ ရု ိ ၂၅သန္း ကူ ညီ

5. မႏၲေလးတြင္ ေနေရာင္ျခည္စြမ္းအင္သုံး ဓါတ္အ ားေပးစက္ရုံတည္ေဆာက္မည္

1. Over 1.3 million voters in Rakhine State

2. Chess competitions held in Yezin University

3. Telenor network first introduced in Taung-gyi

4. Solar generator factory to build in Mandalay Region

5. Germany aids Euro 25 million to upgrade rural development in Myanmar

II. Translate the following news headlines into English.

1. ထို ္င ္းတြင္ မားစ္ေရာဂါ ပ်ံ႕ပြားမႈ ထိမ္းခ်ဳပ္ႏု ိင္

2. ဆီးရီးယား ကာ့ ဒ္ တပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ား IS စစ္အေျခစု ိက္စခန္းမ်ား သိမ္းပု ိက္

3. အေမရိကန္-အာဆီယံ စီးပြားေရးေကာင္စီ ျမန္မာ ICT ဖြံ ႕ျဖိဳးေရး ေဆြးေႏြး

4. လာမည္႔ႏွစ္ G-7 ထိပ္သီးညီလာခံ ကု ိ ဂ်ပန္က အိမ္ရွင္အျဖစ္ လက္ခံ က်င္းပမည္

5. ေတာင္ကုိရီးယားႏု ိင္ငံ သားႏွစ္ဦးကု ိ ေျမာက္ကုိရီးယားက တစ္သက္တ စ္က ၽြန္းျပစ္ဒဏ္စီရင္

1. US-ASEAN to co-operate startegically

2. El Niño warning puts fish farmers on alert

3. Millions of under-five children to receive polio vaccines on 20-22 Feb

4. Evidences of ancient habitation discovered in Monywa

5. Ministry steps up conservation efforts for golden deer

6. Jade exports bring Myanmar $500 million up to December

7. China urges United States, North Korea to hold direct talks

8. Obama urges Russia to stop bombing ‘moderate’ Syria rebels

9. VP U Nyan Tun talks entrepreneurship at US-ASEAN Leaders Summit

10. Myanmar to encounter impacts of strongest El Niño in history

11. Cash donation for fire victims continue

12. Former Hong Kong chief secretary’s appeal against bribery conviction dismissed

13. Bamboo cultivation improves livelihoods, health of rural people

14. Austria says migrant flow to be slowed ‘step by step’

15. UN peace envoy visits Syria as ceasefire plan struggles

16. Winter storm hits US East Coast, tornadoes tear inot South

17. US philanthopist donates $18.5 million to restore Lincoln Memorial

18. Pay homage to the Buddha’s footprints, cool ourselves in Mann Creek in Minbu
19. Earthen brick makers in Thahton face declining profits

20. Rice husk power plant to be built in Myaungmya

21. Zika link to birth defects could be proven within weeks: WHO

22. Knitting workers go on strike after increment cut

23. Tourist numbers to Mrauk U back up in February

24, Real estate in Mandalay goes cold, byers eyeing political situation

25. Falling demand threatens survival of earth ware manufacturers

26. Stimulants seized in Mongmit and Tamu Townships

27. North Korea artillery shots heard from South Korea island prompts alarm

28. US assistant secretary of state to tour Asia on space security

29. Except five pagodas, visitors banned from scaling monuments in Bagan

30. Water levels of Ayeyarwady River to continue to rise over next five days

Reorder and translate the following paragraph into Myanmar.

1. Good teachers leave an ever-lasting mark on the lives of students. They do not really hope for
external rewards such as money and power. For teachers, money does not matter nor should it
matter. The best reward for a true teacher is to see his or her student learn, grow and develop. In the
end, he or she wants to see students’ crowning success.

2. Some people like to understand life by listening to advices of people around them. This offers a
good chance to gain knowledge and experiences form others who have already experienced
hardships and tasted the bitterness of life. This method is much convenient and faster than the other
one because there are a lot of experiences in life that have already been experienced by other people.
Other people’s opinions and advices simply offer us a shortcut to success.