NAME LINGE SOPSE MUHAMED SHERIFA

MTRICULE FE20A058

COURSE TITLE/COURSE CODE ANALOG ELECTRONICS 2

LABORATERY(EEF476)

DEPARTMENT ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING

PRELAB SESSION 1:

PASSIVE FILTERS

a) First order low pass filter.

i) Frequency response.

Vout
G(ω)=
Vin
Zc
From voltage divider rule, H(ω)= ……(i)
R +Zc
1
But Zc= , inserting in (i) above gives
jω c
1
jω c 1
H(ω)= = …..(ii) for ω=0,
1 1+ jRwc ii) The output phase shift is given as, φ
R+
j ωc
H(ω)=1 −1
From (ii), φ= tan ( 1 ) −tan
−1
( ωRc1 ), for ω = Rc1
1
and |H|= , φ =−450, ω =0 φ =0 0
√2
iii) The cutoff frequency ω c ω =∞ φ =−90 0

1 1
ω= ⇒ 2 π f C= iv) Output gain, in dB
Rc Rc
1 G ( ⅆB )=20 log G ( ω )
So, f C =

|Vout |=| |
2 πRC 1 1
But |G ( ω )|= = so the gain becomes,
Vin 1+ jRwc √ 1+ ( Rωc ) 2

G ( ⅆB )=20 [ log ( 1 )−log √ 1+ ( Rωc ) ]

2

G ( ⅆB )=−20 log √ 1+ ( Rωc )

2
So
 b) First order high pass filter.

v) Frequency response.

Vout
G(ω)=
Vin
R
From voltage divider rule, H(ω)= ……(i)
R +Zc
1
But Zc= , insert in (i) above gives
jω c
R
jR ω c
H(ω)= 1 = …..(ii) for ω=0, |H|=0
R+ 1+ jR ω c
j ωc
and ω=∞, |H|= 1

( R ω c) 1 1
|H|= for ω= , |H|=
√1+( R ω c ) 2
Rc √2

vii) The cutoff frequency ω c

1 1
ω= ⇒ 2 π f C=
Rc Rc
1
So, f C =
2 πRC

vi) The output phase shift is given as, φ

From (ii), φ=90−tan

−1
( ωRc1 ), for ωviii)
=
1
and |H|=
1
RcOutput gain, in√dB
2
, φ =45 0
G ( ⅆB )=20 log G ( ω )
0
ω=0 φ =9 0

ω=∞ φ =0 0 |Vout
But |G ( ω )|=
Vin |=|
jR ω c
|=
R ωc
1+ jR ω c √ 1+ ( R ω c ) 2 so the gain

becomes,

G ( ⅆB )=20 [ log ( R ω c )−log √ 1+ ( R ω c ) ]

2
Simulation results and graphs.

 Low pass filter table

Frequency(Hz 2 60 100 150 160 1K 100K

Vin 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Vout 0.84 0.24 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.005 0.0006

Vout 0.42 0.12 0.005 0.03 0.02 0.005 0.0003

G=
Vin

G(dB) -7.53 -18.42 -46.02 -30.45 -33.98 -52.04 -70.46

 High pass filter table

Frequency(Hz 2 60 100 150 160 1K 100K

Vin 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Vout 0.21 0.48 0.39 0.36 0.92 0.80 0.86

Vout 0.105 0.24 0.195 0.18 0.46 0.4 0.43

G=
Vin

G(dB) -19.58 -12.39 -14.199 -14.895 -6.745 -7.959 -7.331

Output graph below.