MODULE 3
COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
• differentiate research-based argumentative
Objectives: essay from the explanation essay and blog;
• exhibit appreciation and understanding of
the benefits in doing research; and
• demonstrate the ability to transfer research
Introduction
into sound arguments.
Welcome to Lesson 1! This lesson introduces you to the basics of writing an
academic paper. Enjoy this lesson and keep reading!
Gather Information about these topics
• After COVID-19 [you may choose different topics like school related issues
or situation, personal life, economy (local, national, international), etc.] •
Another Marcos as President or the current Political situation in the
Philippines
• The current situation of Education of the Philippines as a whole
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Analysis
1. How essential is critical thinking and communication skills in academic research?
2. What tools are needed in writing an academic paper effectively?
3. Discuss at least three (3) barriers in writing an academic paper effectively.
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Abstraction
Ste
ps in Arriving an Academic Paper
1. Select a topic
2. Formulate a working thesis statement
3. Prepare preliminary questions
4. Find cross-sectioned sources
5. Create a timeline
6. Design a system to organize and take notes
7. Outline your paper
8. Develop your thesis statement
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9. Revise
10. Edit
11. Check documentation
Example:
1. Topic: Relevance of Wearing School Uniform among USTP Students
2. Thesis Statement: Wearing school uniform among Education – USTP students
promotes unity and loyalty towards one another.
3. Preliminary Questions:
1. What do the design and the color of the school uniform among Education
– USTP students reflect?
2. Besides unity and loyalty matters, why is the wearing of school uniform
among Education – USTP relevant?
3. How does the wearing of school uniform among Education – USTP
students promote unity and loyalty among student themselves?
4. References
List down all sources you used for this supports your paper. Use latest edition.
Citations
It is used to properly address the author of selected references.
The format should be APA.
Author Citation
a. One Author
Dela Cruz, J. A. (2004).
b. Two Authors
Mackey, A.G. & Gass, S.M (2005).
c. Three – Five Authors
For three, four, or five authors, refer to all authors in the first citation, then
use the first author’s last name followed by the abbreviation "et al." (not
italicized and with a period after "al") in all subsequent citations:
First citation: Cortez, A.S., Gold, B.A. & Hammond (1998)
Subsequent citation: Cortez et al. (1998)
d. Six or More Authors
For six or more authors, use the first author's last name followed by the
abbreviation et al.
Mitchell et al. (2017).
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Book
Structure:
Last Name, First Name Initial, Middle Name Initial. & Last Name, First Initial.
(Date). Title. Location: Publisher
Examples:
1. Goldin, C.D., & Katz, L.F. (2008). The race between education and
technology. Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University
Press.
2. Ranos, M., & Martin, I. P. (2018). Purposive communication using English
in multilingual contexts. (Gen. Education ed). Quezon City : C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Website
Structure:
Author Last Name, First Name Initial. Middle Name Initial. (Year, Month,
Date Published). Title of webpage. Retrieved from URL.
Examples:
1. Austerlitz, S. (2015, March 3). How long can a spinoff like ‘Better Call
Saul’s last? Retrieved from [Link]
long-can-a-spinoff-like-better-call-saul-last/
2. Ocampo, A. R. (2011, January 04). The death of Jose Rizal: Ambeth
Ocampo’s version. Retrieved from [Link]
jose-rizal-ambeth
ocampo%E2%80%99s-version
Newspaper
Structure:
Author’s Last Name, First Name Initial, Middle Name Initial. (Year, Month,
Day Published). Title of Article. Title of Newspaper, page range.
Example:
Frost, L. (2006, September 14). First passengers ride monster jet. The Salt
Lake Tribune, p. A2.
Page numbers: If the article is only one page long, use ‘p.’ For any
articles longer than one page, use ‘pp.’
If an article appears on non-sequential pages, separate each page
number with a comma.
Example: pp. D4, D5, D7-D8
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Research Paper
Research paper involves:
a. Gathering of data
b. Formulating hypothesis
c. Testing of hypothesis
d. Forming a new theory
e. Confirming an existing one
Research Paper Structure
1. Literature Review
2. Methodology
3. Findings
4. Analysis
Types of Research
Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods
Methods include focus groups, in Surveys, structured interviews &
depth interviews, and reviews of observations, and reviews of records
documents for types of themes or documents for numeric
information
Primarily inductive process used to Primarily deductive process used to
formulate theory or hypotheses test pre-specified concepts,
constructs, and hypotheses that
make up a theory
More subjective: describes a problem More objective: provides observed
or condition from the point of view effects (interpreted by researchers) of
of those experiencing it a program on a problem or condition
Text-based Number-based
More in-depth information on a few Less in-depth but more breadth of
cases information across a large number of
cases
Unstructured or semi-structured Fixed response options
response options
No statistical tests Statistical tests are used for analysis
Can be valid and reliable: largely Can be valid and reliable: largely
depends on skill and rigor of the depends on the measurement device
researcher or instrument used
Time expenditure lighter on the Time expenditure heavier on the
planning end and heavier during the planning phase and lighter on the
analysis phase analysis phase
Less generalizable More generalizable
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Characteristics of a Good Paragraph
A good paragraph has unity, coherence, brevity, and emphasis.
Discourses
The word discourse comes from the Latin word discursus, which means
“running to and fro.”
Types of Discourses
1. Narration. It simply tells a story. And in the process of telling a story, a
description can be a helping device to make the story more interesting.
2. Exposition. Exposition is a type of discourse intended to give information about
(or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea.
3. Argumentation. It is a type of discourse that centers on a thesis. It is used for
proposing a solution or defending a proposal or criticizing existing practices,
systems and approaches.
The Writing Process
Here are the basic steps of the writing process. Knowing these steps and
following them will help you become a better writer.
Step 1. Prewriting/Planning.
First choose a topic. Then plan and organize what you
are
going to write. You can use a mind map or graphic
organizer to help you plan and organize your ideas.
Step 2. Drafting.
Write a rough draft of your ideas. Do not worry too
much
about making mistakes. You can correct them later. Just
write!
Step 3. Revising.
Get other readers’ responses to what you have written.
Make revisions based on their comments and your own
ideas to improve your draft. Think about what to add,
what to cut and what to change.
Step 4. Proofreading / Editing.
Read your revised draft carefully and look for mistakes
in
grammar, spelling, capitalization and punctuation.
Correct any mistakes that you find. Then get other readers
to help you find errors that you have missed.
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Step 5. Publishing / Presenting.
Complete your final copy. Share it with others by
publishing it or presenting it.
Sometimes you need to go through the earlier steps several times before
a piece of writing is ready for publishing or presentation.
Questions that will help generate ideas
1. What is my purpose for writing?
2. For whom am I writing?
3. What message do I want to communicate?
4. What is the best writing discourse in conveying your message should you use?
5. How do I want to sound my audience or readers?
Application
Write an academic paper related to the current situation of our country using
appropriate tone, style, conventions, and reference styles. You may select one from the
suggested topics given below or think of your own topic.
Suggested topics:
• After COVID-19 [you may choose different topics like school related issues
or situation, personal life, economy (local, national, international), etc.] •
Another Marcos as President or the current Political situation in the
Philippines
• The current situation of Education of the Philippines as a whole
Congratulations! You have successfully completed the activities and tasks of
Module 3. This is the final module for GEEN 111 (Purposive Communication). Should
there be questions and clarifications in some part of the lesson, kindly message your
instructor. GOD Bless!
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