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ONR3 Assignment: Central Force Motion

This document contains a 10 question assignment on classical mechanics and motion under central forces. The questions cover topics such as differential equations describing motion under an inverse cube central force, the relationship between orbit shape and force law for various orbits including elliptical, equiangular spiral, hyperbolic, and lemniscate orbits. Other questions address the period of revolution for satellites orbiting spherical planets and elliptic orbits under an inverse square central force, as well as expressions for areal velocity and the gravitational acceleration on Earth's surface.

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30 views2 pages

ONR3 Assignment: Central Force Motion

This document contains a 10 question assignment on classical mechanics and motion under central forces. The questions cover topics such as differential equations describing motion under an inverse cube central force, the relationship between orbit shape and force law for various orbits including elliptical, equiangular spiral, hyperbolic, and lemniscate orbits. Other questions address the period of revolution for satellites orbiting spherical planets and elliptic orbits under an inverse square central force, as well as expressions for areal velocity and the gravitational acceleration on Earth's surface.

Uploaded by

Jainil Patel
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur


Classical Mechanics-I
Assignment-3: Motion under a central force-2

1. For a motion under the central force − rk3 . If it starts on the +ve X-axis at a distance a away
from the origin and moves with speed v0 in direction making an angle α with X-axis, the
differential equation can be written as
2 k−ma2 v02 sin2 α
(i) ddt2r = − mr3
d2 r k−ma2 v02 sin2 α
(ii) dt2
= mr3
d2 r k+ma2 v02 sin2 α
(iii) dt2 = − mr3
d2 r k+ma2 v02 sin2 α
(iv) dt2 = mr3

2. A particle is described by an attractive central force moves in an orbit given by r = acos(θ),


the law of force is proportional to
(i) r12
(ii) r13
(iii) r14
(iv) r15

3. A particle describes an equiangular spiral r = aeθ in such a manner that its acceleration has
no radial component. Then
(i) angular velocity is zero
(ii) angular velocity is constant and magnitude of velocity is proportional to r
(iii) angular velocity is constant and magnitude of velocity is proportional to 1r
(iv) angular velocity and magnitude of velocity is proportional to r.

4. For attractive inverse square force field f (R) = − rk2 , show that the velocity at any point of
the for an hyperbolic path may be given as
(i) v 2 = m [ r − a1 ]
k 2
k 2
(ii) v 2 = m [ r + a1 ]
(iii) v = k [ r − a1 ]
2 m 2

(iv) v 2 = m 2
k [r + a]
1

5. A small satellite revolves around a planet in an orbit of radius slightly greater than the radius
of the planet, which is spherical. If the average density of the planet is ρ, the period of
revolution of satellite.
(a) independent of R of the planet
(b) depends on R2 of the planet
(c) depends on R3 of the planet
(d) depends on R4 of the planet
6. The central force necessary to make a particle describe the lemniscate r2 = a2 cos 2θ is
(i) proportional to r7
(ii) inversely proportional to r
(iii) proportional to r
(iv) inversely proportional to r7

7. If a particle describes a elliptic orbit under the influence of an attractive central force (= - rk2 )
, then the√ period of revolution of the particle is
3/2 m
(i) 2πa
√k
k
(ii) 2πa3/2 m
√
(iii) πa3/2 m
√k
k
(iv) πa3/2 m

8. Find the law of force to the pole when the orbit described by the cardioid r = a(1 − cos θ)
(i) ∝ to r−1
(ii) ∝ to r−2
(iii) ∝ to r−3
(iv) ∝ to r−4

9. Which one is the correct expression of areal velocity


(i) 12 r2 θ̇
(ii) r2 θ̇
(iii) 12 r2 θ̇2
(iv) 21 ṙ2 θ̇

10. On √the earth surface g can be expressed as


(i) GMR
(ii) GM
R
(iii) GM
√
R2
(iv) GM R

End

Page 2

Common questions

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The central force necessary is inversely proportional to \( r^7 \). This is option (iv) in the document.

The period of revolution of the satellite depends on the cube of the planet's radius, \( R^3 \). This corresponds to option (c) in the document.

On the Earth's surface, the gravitational acceleration \( g \) is expressed as \( \frac{GM}{R^2} \). This is option (iii) in the document.

The velocity \( v^2 \) at any point on a hyperbolic path is given by \( \frac{k}{m} \left( \frac{2}{r} - \frac{1}{a} \right) \). This corresponds to option (i) in the document.

The differential equation for this motion is \( \frac{d^2r}{dt^2} = -\frac{k}{mr^3} - \frac{ma^2v_0^2 \sin^2 \alpha}{mr^3} \). This is option (i) from the document.

The angular velocity is constant, and the magnitude of velocity is proportional to \( r^{-1} \). This is option (iii) from the document.

The law of force is proportional to \( r^{-3} \). This corresponds to option (iii) in the document.

The correct expression for areal velocity is \( \frac{1}{2} r^2 \dot{θ} \). This is option (i) in the document.

For a particle moving in an orbit described by \( r = a \cos(θ) \), the force law is proportional to \( \frac{1}{r^3} \). This corresponds to option (ii) in the document.

The period of revolution is given by \( 2\pi a^{3/2} \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}} \). This corresponds to option (i) in the document.

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