Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011

Name:
1. A bus traveled from one city to another at an average rate of 50 mph. On the return trip, the
average rate was 45 mph, and the elapsed time was 15 minutes longer. What is the total distance
traveled?
Solution:
We have
D = 50t and D = 45
_
t +
1
4
_
where t is time in hours and D is the distance traveled in miles.
50t = 45
_
t +
1
4
_
50t = 45t +
45
4
5t =
45
4
t = 2.25hours
Substituting this value in for one of our equations for D,
D = 50 (t)
D = 50 (2.25)
D = 112.5
So, the total distance traveled is 112.5 miles.
2. It takes a boy 90 minutes to mow his fathers yard, but his sister can do it in 60 minutes. How
long would it take them to do it if they worked together using two lawn mowers?
Solution:
x
90
+
x
60
= 1 (yard)
We want both fractions to have the same denominator, so
2x
180
+
3x
180
= 1
2x + 3x
180
= 1
180
_
5x
180
_
= 180 (1) MPE
5x = 180
x = 36 minutes
So it will take them 36 minutes to mow their fathers yard if they mowed together.
1
Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011
3. A rectangular plot of ground having dimensions 120 ft by 160 ft is surrounded by a walk of
uniform width. If the area of the walk is 1425 ft
2
, what is its width?
Solution:
x 160 ft x
x x
120 120
x x
x 160 ft x
We are given that the area of the walk is 1425 ft
2
. The area of the walk describes
(Area of walk and plot) (Area of the plot) = 1425 ft
2
Collectively, the walk and plot has a length of x + 160 + x feet and a width of x + 120 + x
feet. So,
(2x + 160) (2x + 120) (120 160) = 1425
_
4x
2
+ 240x + 320x + 19200
_
(19200) = 1425
4x
2
+ 560x = 1425
4x
2
+ 560x 1425 = 0
From here, we can use the Quadratic Formula to solve for x.
560
_
(560)
2
(4) (4) (1425)
2 (4)
=
560

336400
8
=
560 580
8
x = 2.5 or x = 2.5
We want x > 0, so the width of the walk is = 2.5 feet.
4. A man puts a fence around a rectangular eld and then subdivides it into three smaller rectangles
by placing two fences parallel to one of the sides. If the area of the eld is 31, 250 yd
2
, and 1, 000 yd
of fencing was used, nd the dimensions of the eld.
Solution:
y
x
x
x
x
We are given that the area is 31, 250 yd
2
. We know
xy = A
=xy = 31250
2
Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011
We are also given that 1000 yards of fencing was used. So,
4x + 2y = 1000
2y = 1000 4x
y = 500 2x
Substituting this value for y into our equation for area,
xy = 31250
x (500 2x) = 31250
500x 2x
2
= 31250
2x
2
+ 500x 31250 = 0
2
_
x
2
250x + 15625
_
= 0
x
2
250x + 15625 = 0
We can use the Quadratic Formula to solve for x.
250
_
(250)
2
(4) (1) (15625)
2 (1)
=
250 0
2
x =
250
2
= 125 yd
We can now nd the value for y using substitution.
y = 500 2x
= 500 2 (125)
= 250 yd
So the dimensions of the eld are 125 yd 250 yd
5. A man owns land that is bordered by a river. He wants to construct a rectangular pen that uses
the river as one of its sides to keep his animals from roaming around. If he requires that there be
a divider (running perpendicular to the river) through the middle of the pen (to separate some
of the animals) and he has 300 ft of fencing, what are the dimensions of the pen that enclose the
maximum area?
Solution:
y
x
x
x
3
Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011
The perimeter of the pen is
P = x + x + x + y
= 3x + y
We are given that the man has 300 ft of fencing, so
3x + y = 300 ft
y = 300 3x
The area of the pen is A = x y, and substituting the value above into the equation for the
area gives us the following
A = x y
A = x (300 3x)
A = 300x 3x
2
A = 3
_
100x x
2
_
We will use the Second Derivative Test to nd the dimensions that enclose the maximum
area.
dA
dx
= 3 (100 2x)
= 300 6x
Letting
dA
dx
= 0, we have
0 = 300 6x
6x = 300
x = 50
Now, we will nd the second derivative to verify that our area is maximized.
dA
dx
= 300 6x

d
2
A
dx
2
= 6
So, we see that A

= 0 when x = 50. We also see that the second derivative is the horizontal
line given by the function f (x) = 6 which does contain the point x = 50. Further,
f (50) = 6 < 0
This means, according to the Second Derivative Test, that the area has a maximum at
x = 50. Using substitution, we can now nd the value for y.
y = 300 3x
= 300 3 (50)
= 150
4
Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011
Thus, area will be maximum when x = 50 ft and y = 150 ft.
6. Two boys who are 224 meters apart start walking towards each other at the same time. If they
walk at a rate of 1.5 and 2 meters per second, respectively, when will they meet? How far will
they have walked?
Solution:
We have
b1 = 1.5 m/sec and b2 = 2 m/sec
We can write their rates in terms of time t in seconds to nd out when they will meet if they
start out 224 meters apart.
1.5t + 2t = 224
3.5t = 224
t = 64 seconds
So, the two boys will meet in 64 seconds. After 64 seconds,
b1 = 1.5t
= 1.5 (64)
= 96 meters
b2 = 2t
= 2 (64)
= 128 meters
Boy 1 will have walked 96 meters, and Boy 2 will have walked 128 meters.
7. After playing 100 games, a major league baseball team has a record of 0.650. If it wins only 50%
of its games for the remainder of the season, when will its record be 0.600?
Solution:
Note that if the team wins only 50% of its games for the remainder of the season, the teams
record will change for every 2 games played. The number of games needed to win for the
record to be 0.600 is given by the equation below.
0.600 (100 + 2x) = 65 + x
60 + 1.2x = 65 + x
0.2x = 5
x = 25
Thus the teams record will be 2 (25) = 50 games.
8. Twenty liters of a solution contains 20% of a certain chemical. How much water should be added
so that the resulting solution contains only 15% of the chemical?
Solution:
5
Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011
The amount of chemical in the initial solution is
(0.20) (20L) = 4L of chemical
To nd the amount of water needed to make 4L of the chemical compose only 15% of the
solution,
(0.15) (20 + x) = 4
3 + 0.15x = 4
0.15x = 1
x = 6.67L
So, we need to add 6.67 liters of water to the solution so that the solution contains 15% of
the chemical.
9. A projectile is ed straight upward with an initial speed of 800 ft/sec. The number of feet s
above the ground is s = 16t
2
+ 800t.
(a.) When will the projectile be 3200ft above the ground?
Solution:
Since s is the number of feet above the ground, we can substitute 3200 ft for s and
solve for t
3200 = 16t
2
+ 800t
16t
2
800t + 3200 = 0
16
_
t
2
50t + 200
_
= 0
t
2
50t + 200 = 0
We can use the Quadratic Formula to solve for t.
50
_
(50)
2
(4) (1) (200)
2 (1)
=
50

1700
2
x = 45.61553 or x = 4.38447
Both values represent times where the projectile is 3200 ft above the ground, but we
are looking for the time the projectile rst reaches 3200 ft (when its on its way up).
This time is t = 4.38 seconds.
(b.) When will it hit the ground?
Solution:
Similarly to part (a.), we can substitute 0 ft for s and solve for t since s is the number
of feet above the ground.
16t
2
+ 800t = 0
16t (t 50) = 0
16t = 0 or t 50 = 0
t = 0 or t = 50
6
Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011
t = 0 represents the initial position of the projectile before it is shot upwards. Thus,
the projectile will hit the ground at t = 50 seconds after it is shot upwards.
(c.) What is its maximum height?
Solution:
We can nd the maximum height of the projectile by applying the rst derivative test.
Note that s is continuous on R.
We rst need to nd s

(t) to determine the critical values (if any) for s.

The derivative of s
s

(t) = 32t + 800

s

(t) = 0 gives us
32t + 800 = 0
32t = 800
t = 25 seconds
is 0 when x = 25 seconds.
s

(10) = 32 (10) + 800

= 480
s

(30) = 32 (30) + 800

= 160
Since s is continuous on R, dierentiable on Z, and s

(t) changes from positive to

negative at t = 25, s has a relative maximum at t = 25 by the First Derivative Test.
s (25) = 16 (25)
2
+ 800 (25) = 10000 ft
Therefore, the maximum height is 10, 000 feet.
10. Find the ones digit of the number 47
327
.
Solution:
Since we only care about the ones digit, we can use modular arithmetic with 10 being our
modulus (because we only care about numbers 0 to 9).
47 7 (mod 10)
So we now want to nd the remainder of 7
327
with a modulus of 10.
7
327
x (mod 10)
Eulers Generatlization tells us that using the Euler-phi function, a number raised to the
power of (modulus m) where the Euler-phi function is the number of reduced residues mod
m.
7
(10)
1 (mod 10) (10) = 4 (1, 3, 7, 9 rel. prime to 10)
7
4
1 (mod 10)
7
Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011
So, we will take 327 and divide it by 4
7
327
7
481+3
7
481
7
3
exponential rule

_
7
4
_
81
7
3
(1)
81
7
3
shown above
1 7
3
7
3
= 343 3 (mod 10)
3
Thus, the ones digit of the number 47
327
will be 3.
11. The cost, in dollars, of producing x yards of a certain fabric is C (x) = 1200+12x0.1x
2
+0.0005x
3
and the company nds that if it sells x yards, it can charge p (x) = 190.00021x dollars per yard
for the fabric. Determine the number of yards that should be sold to maximize prot. What is
the price per yard of fabric that maximizes prot?
Solution:
Prot = Revenue Cost
P (x) = R(x) C (x)
Revenue = (price) (x yards sold)
R(x) = p (x) x
= (19 0.00021x) x Given p (x)
= 19x 0.00021x
2
Then,
P (x) = R(x) C (x)
=
_
19x 0.00021x
2
_

_
1200 + 12x 0.1x
2
+ 0.0005x
3
_
= 0.0005x
3
+ 0.09979x
2
+ 7x 1200
P

(x) to nd the critical points

P

(x) = 0.0015x
2
+ 0.19958x + 7
P

(x) = 0 gives us
0.0015x
2
+ 0.19958x + 7 = 0
We can use the Quadratic Formula to solve for x.
0.19958
_
(0.19958)
2
(4) (0.0015) (7)
2 (0.0015)
=
0.19958

0.08183
0.003
x = 28.8277 or x = 161.88
8
Math 441 Problem Set 1 Summer 2011
We obviously want to sell a positive amount of yards i.e. x > 0, so our critical value is
x = 162.
Now, well nd P

(x) to check if x = 162 results in a maximum prot.

P

(x) = 0.003x + 0.19958

P

(162) = 0.003 (162) + 0.19958

= 0.28642 < 0
So, since P

(162) = 0, P

(x) is linear and contains x = 162, and P

(162) < 0, prot is

maximized at x = 162 yards of fabric according to the Second Derivative Test.
Further, the price per yard of fabric that maximizes prot
p (162) = 10 0.00021 (162)
= 18.96598
= $18.97 per yard of fabric
12. Find the inverse of the matrix
_
3 7
16 13
_
Solution:
_
3 7
.
.
. 1 0
16 13
.
.
. 0 1
_
1
3
R1R1
=
_
1
7
3
.
.
.
1
3
0
16 13
.
.
. 0 1
_
16R1+R2R2
=
_
1
7
3
.
.
.
1
3
0
0 -
73
3
.
.
. -
16
3
1
_
-
3
73
R2R2
=
_
1
7
3
.
.
.
1
3
0
0 1
.
.
.
16
73
-
3
73
_
-
7
3
R2+R1R1
=
_
1 0
.
.
. -
13
73
7
73
0 1
.
.
.
16
73
-
3
73
_
So,
_
3 7
16 13
_
-1
=
_
-
13
73
7
73
16
73
-
3
73
_
9