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Dynamics

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HERRERA, Vieza D.
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2K views275 pages

Dynamics

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HERRERA, Vieza D.
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© All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER 11 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AI rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1865 PROBLEM 11.1 A snowboarder starts from rest at the top of a double black diamond hill. As he rides down the slope, GPS coordinates are used to determine his displacement as a function of time: x = 0.5U = + 2t where x and t are expressed in ft and seconds, respectively. Determine the position, velocity, and acceleration of the boarder when t= 5 seconds, SOLUTION Position: x Acceleration: = 05/5) + +2(5) rors va 15(5) +2(5)+2 vost 7 BUS 3(5)=2 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior writen consent of MeGrav- Hill Education. 1866, PROBLEM 11.2 ‘The motion of a particle is defined by the relation x=r' —12r° + 36r +30, where x and ¢ are expressed in feet and seconds, respectively. Determine the time, the position, and the acceleration of the particle when v =o. SOLUTION 12 + 361+30 ? 241 + 36=3(1" —81 +12) =30-6K1-2) Differentiating, So v=0 at r=2s and Al r=2s, x) =(2)' -1202)° +362) +30=62 4, =6(2)—24=-12 Al r=6s, ny =30001 a= 1.008 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1867 PROBLEM 11.3 ‘The vertical motion of mass A is defined by the relation x — cos(101) —0.1sin(LOr), where x and ¢ are expressed in mm and seconds, respectively. Determine (a) the position, velocity and acceleration of A when ¢ = 0.4 s, (6) the maximum velocity and acceleration of A. a SOLUTION -05(10#) O.1sin(10e) —10sin101 0.110) cos(100) =100cos101 +0.1(100)sin10r For trigonometric functions set calculator to radians: (a) At 1=048 x =cos4—0.1sin(4) = 0.578 S78mm 1Osin(4) — cos(4) =8.222 22 mms ) the position and velocity when 1 = 4s, (c) the total distance traveled by the particle from: =0101= 45. SOLUTION 3° Separate variables and integrate. f. “ava I adt= J. “(o-3e jar=9 vy-0=9-17, v=1/9-7) (a)When v is zero. 49 —P)=0 so 1=0 and 1=35(2 roots) =3s4 (Position and velocity at += 4 s, flee five Atrads, (©)Distance traveled, OverO<1<35, vis positive, so.» is increasing. Over 38 Automobiles A and B are traveling in adjacent highway lanes and at 1—0 have the positions and speeds shown. Knowing that automobile A has a constant acceleration of 1.8 {Us and that B has a constant deceleration of 1.2 fs", determine (a) when and where A will overtake B, (6) the speed of each automobile at that time. SOLUTION ay = F181 ag =—12 (a)y = 24 mid =35.2 Ys (ay =36 mi = 52.8 1s Acvertakes B erg, re x4 Gans aac} Sts Oleg eft ad Ye Ya V4 = (Va) Hagt = 35.2 = 1.80 a Sly Ooty 35214 L092 @ Vp = (plo Hagh = S28— 1.20 °) 12y? @ Sn= Odo +O nat +a? (@) Aovertakes B at Eq. (2): igi 35.2¢-+0.92 =75 +5281, ~0612 1.52 —17.61, -75=0 05s 2X4 =35.2(15.05) +.0.9(15.05)" x= Tt =3.228 and 1, 15.0546 Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1912 PROBLEM 11.42 (CONTINUED) (&) Velocities when 1, =15.05 s Eq. (1) v4 =35.2+1.805.05) v4 = 62.29 fus 4 =425 mih— 5s: Ve Cm Han-3) ay ty =Csnds +n lt=I+ alt SF ‘Assume ¢> 5s when the cars pass each other. ‘At that time (144) =¥_ Gigi gy =(88 105) ~An 9) ky = 294 fi 204 = hain ‘then exlStae~2) _ 88 Fajiy 24 or Abiiy — 3434 +245=0 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior of McGraw-Hill Education. 1917 PROBLEM 11.46 (CONTINUED) Solving typ = 0795 5 and typ = 7.008 With up> 5s, 294 = 104(7.0097 (6) From above yg = 7.008 Note: An acceptable solution cannot be found if (© Wehave = 204 +440 f+ (88 108)(2.00 s) + 2{—4 12,00 tus? (2.00 5)? 26 or d= 906 8 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. i918 PROBLEM 11.47 ‘The elevator shown in the figure moves downward with a constant velocity of 4 mms, Determine (a) the velocity of the cable C, (b) the velocity of the counterweight W, (c) the relative velocity of the cable C with respect t0 the elevator, (d) the relative velocity of the counterweight W with respect to the elevator. SOLUTION Choose the positive direction downward. (a) Velocity of cable C. Ye + 2yp = constant ve+2y <0 But, vp =4ms oe ve 2yp = 8 ms ve=800 mit (B) Velocity of counterweight W. Sy + Jp constant vy tM 0 vy = arp 4 mls vy = 4.00 mist (©) Relative velocity of C with respect to E. Ve: = Ye ~ Y= (C8 mls) — (4 mls) =—12 mis Ven =12.00 mvs} (a) Relative velocity of W with respect to vp = C4 mis) (4 my Vue — 8.00 mis Copyright © McGrav-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1919 PROBLEM 11.48 The elevator shown starts from rest and moves upward with a constant acceleration. If the counterweight W moves through 30 ft in 5 s, determine (a) the acceleration of the elevator and the cable C, (b) the velocity of the elevator after 55, SOLUTION We choose positive direction downward for motion of counterweight. =55, (a) Accelerations of E and C. Since dw + ye = constant vy +e =O, and ayy Fag = ‘Thus: Gy, = dy =-(2.4 fs?) a, = 2.40 fils? Also, Yet 2yp = constant, ve +2vy—0, and ae + 2ay 0 ‘Thus: de = —2ay =—2-2.4 FU) = +48 fs’, aie = 4.80 tS | (b) Velocity of elevator after 5s (py Hapl =0-+(-2.4 fus?)S 8) =—12 fs (vp)s = 12.00 tus | Copyright © McGrav-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1920 Problem 11.49 An athlete pulls handle A to the left with a constant velocity of 0.5 mis. Determine (a) the velocity of the weieht B, (b) the relative velocity of weight B with respect to the handle A, ‘SOLUTION From the diagram: x4 ~4y~ =constant Sketch: . Ys (a) Differentiate vy 4yy o x4 =0.5 mis " Solve (1) for vp vq = 0.125 mis vp = 0.125 mis (b) Finding the relative velocity: in = 0.1257 ms ¥y=05— ms Yaa = Tn —Fa 125} -(0.5—) mis or Vain = 0S +0125 | ms Vea = 0.5154 mls 14° ryright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior ten consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 1921 Problem 11.50 An athlete pulls handle A to the left with a constant acceleration. Knowing that after the weight B has been lifted 4 in. its velocity is 2 fs, determine (a) the accelerations of handle A and weight B (b) the velocity and change in - position of handle A after 0.5 sec. SOLUTION (a) From the diagram: Sketch: | 4 +3yq = constant v4 +3vy=0 a ye ay +3ay =0 a * Unilorm Acceleration of weight B ), +209» -(¥n),) 4 Substitute in known values Fao) Using @) (b) Uniform Acceleration of Handle A v= (ra), beat 4 =0+ (18 s2)(05 s) or vy =o ts Lo Also Ya=(¥a), +(%a),¢ +z aK Lig suc) Ya (94), =0+5 (188 )(05 3? or Ay = 225 Copyright © MeGrave-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1922 PROBLEM 11.51 ofthe cable with respect to collar B. “ In the position shown, collar B moves to the left with a constant velocity of 300 mnvs. Determine (a) the velocity of collar A, (b) the B® Velocity of portion C of the cable, c) the relative velocity of portion C SOLUTION Let x be position relative to the right supports, increasing to the left. Constraint of entire cable: 2x4 + xy + (xy ~ x4) = constant 2vp $04 Constraint of point C of cable: 2x, constant 2vq (@) Velocity of collar A. —600 mmis 2)(300 (b) Velocity of point C of cable. 200 mnvs Ye = —2v, = —(2)(—600) = (0) Velocity of point C relative to collar B. 1200 — 300 = 900 mms 600 mms —~ ve =1200 mms — ee | Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1923 PROBLEM 11.52 Collar A starts from rest and moves to the right with @ constant acceleration, Knowing that after 8 5 the relative velocity of collar B ‘with respect to collar A is 610 mvs, determine (a) the accelerations of A and B, (b) the velocity and the change in position of B after 6 s, SOLUTION Let x be position relative to the right supports, increasing to the left Constraint of entire cable: 2x4 + x9 + (49 —%4) = constant L and. (a) Accelerations of A and B. ~50.8 mmis* 508 mms? — ) the velocity of pulley B with respect to load L. SOLUTION coed covle L Let xp and x, be the positions, respectively, of pulley B and load L measured downward from a fixed elevation above both. Let xy be the position of a point on the cable about to enter the rec! driven by the motor. Then, considering the lengths of the two cables, xy +3uy = constant — yy +3yy=0 xy +(,—x9)= constant — vy, +y¢=0 with ¥y = 100 mms (a) Velocity of load L. vy, — 16.67 mmis | () Velocity of pulley B with respect to load L. vyy, = vy —¥, = 33.333 — (16.667) = —16.667 Vay, = 16.67 mmis| Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1927 PROBLEM 11.55 Collar A starts from rest at t= 0 and moves upward with a constant acceleration of 3.6 ind Knowing that collar & moves downward with a constant velocity of 18 ins, determine (a) the time at which the velocity of block C is zero, (6) the corresponding position of block C. SOLUTION Define posi Constraint of cable. Differentiate Differentiate again Motion of block C: Using (1) Using @) Constant acceleration Constant acceleration @ Time at ve =0 Using @) ns as positive downward from a fixed level. (ve — ya) + [ve — ya) +2[ve — 99) = constant 3yc — Ye — 2y4 = constant Be — vp — 204 = 0 io) Bag ~ ay 24, =0 @ (vq) =O. ay =-36 inds*, vp = (vp), =18 ins, ay = [(va)y + 2( alg] =6 ins 5[0+(2)(-36)] Ve =(ve)y + det oy —12r = (xe) =(ve)yt + baer? e—Uel Veh t= 3H oy = 6t — 0.60" 240 () Corresponding position of block C: Using (4) Sin Be ~ (re = (28) +|5]-24)057 fe — (Xe) = (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1928 PROBLEM 11.56 Collars A and B start from rest, and collar A moves upward with an acceleration of 31° mnvs*. Knowing that collar B moves downward with a constant acceleration and that its velocity is 150 mm/s after moving 700 mm, determine (a) the acceleration of block C, (6) the distance through which block C will have moved after 3. SOLUTION Let x be position relative to upper support, positive downward. Let d= value of x at lower support. Constraint of cable: (d= x4) + (4-4) +246 + Accelerations: Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1929 PROBLEM 11.56 (CONTINUED) (a) 402=1.57 mms? | 1 4 (ay +24, glta+ 2a, 16. o7=(2\(-3°)] a (rely se —(oe)y= fet = 20007 —0. (b) Velocity and position: di =0=4.0181-0.5° 2.009)(3)° — (0.125)(3)* Are =7.96 mm | ¥e—(%el Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior writen consent of MeGrav- Hill Education. 1930 PROBLEM 11.57 Block B starts from rest, block A moves with a constant acceleration, and slider block € moves tothe right witha constant acceleration of 75 mm/s". Knowing that at r— 2 s the velocities of B and C are 480 mms downvard and 280 mnvs tothe right, respectively, determine (a) the accelerations of A and B, (b) the initial velocities of A and C, (c) the change in position of slider block C after 3s. SOLUTION . 4 3y4 + 4y9 +X¢ = constant ‘Then By, 3a, +4ay + ae =0 @ From the diagram 4yp + ve =0 co) 44 =constent (ac) = 75 mms? — Aue vp=480 mm ve =280 mmis—~ (@ Eq. 2)and a, =constant and ag = constant + ay = constant Thea vp =O agt 480 mas = ag(2 8) ay =240 mas? or ay = 240 mms? | a, =—345 minis or ay = M5 mms) Copyright © McGrav-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1931 PROBLEM 11.57 (CONTINUED) (6) Wehave Ye = Cele tact Aura 280 mun (oo +5 mmis}2 8) ve =130 mvs or (ey =130.0 mmis—~ Then, substituting into Eg (1) at ¢= vo + 4(0) = (130 mnvs) = 0 yy =-433 mms or (%y)y =443 mms} (o Wehave ie =We)a +O ot + Atr=3s: Xe —(ie)y = (30 nusyS 93+ (75 mais? 8? 28 mm oF Xo (Ney =728 mm —= Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1932, PROBLEM 11.58 Block B moves downward with a constant velocity of 20 mnvs. At 1— 0, block A is moving upward with a constant acceleration, and its velocity is 30 mnvs. Knowing that at 1 —3 s slider block C has moved 57 mm to the right, determine (a) the velocity of slider block C at r — 0, (6) the accelerations of A and C, (c) the change in position of block A after 5s. SOLUTION From the diagram 3yy + 4¥9 — Xe = Constant Then Buy +4vy tHe = 0 “ and Bay +4ap tac =0 Q Given Vg = 20 mms (ao =30 mms} @ to Eq. (1) at ¢=0 3-30 mms) +4(20 mms) + (vey =O (e))=10 mms or (¥¢)p = 10.00 mms —~ Weave e=(oh Hoot pact Atra3s: S57 mm= (10 mmv/s)(3 95a »e a =6 mm/s” or a, = 6.00 mays’ Now Yq = constant — a, =0 Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1933 PROBLEM 11.58 (CONTINUED) ‘Then, substituting into Eq. (2) 3ay +4(0)+(6 mms?) =0 (© Wehave Atia5 “ Ya—(a)o =175.0mmh Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1934 PROBLEM 11.59 “The system shown starts from rest, and each component moves with a constant acceleration. If the relative acceleration of block C with respect to collar B is 60mnvs* upward and the relative acceleration of block D with respect to block A is 110 mmvs* downward, determine (a) the velocity of block C after 3 5, (b) the change in position of block D after 5 s. SOLUTION From the diagram Cable 1 2y4 +2yp = ye — constant ites Thea 204 + 2p ve =0 a “ Cuble2: (yp —¥4)+ (0p ~ yp) = constant | se wo o Sand ay — ag +2ap =0 “ Given: At ¢=0, y= 0, all aoeterations constant; (a) Wehave ay = 4c +60 and yy — ay —a,—110 of ay —ay 110 ‘Substituting into Eqs. (2) and (4) Eq. Aap —110)+2a¢ +60)~ ae =0 or Bag + 2ay =100 (5) Fg.(4). “(ap ~ 110) ~(ae +60) +2ay = or de + ay =—50 (6) Copyright © McGrav-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1935 PROBLEM 11.59 (CONTINUED) o Solving Eqs. (5) and (6) for a, and ap, Now Alr=3s: We have AlraSs: de =40 mm/s? a =—10 mms? Ye =0-Lact (40 mm/s?) s) vc =120.0 mmis| lie Yo =Oplo +O + ape 1 Yo — Opp = 5 C10 mmis* (5s Yo —(¥p)o = 125.0 mm] Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1936 PROBLEM 11.60° ‘The system shown stars from rest, and the length of the upper cord is adjusted so that A, B, and C are initially at the same level. Each component moves with a ‘constant acceleration, and after 2s the relative change in position of block C with respect to block A is 280 mm upward. Knowing that when the relative velocity of collar B with respect to block A is 80 mm/s downward, the displacements of A and B are 160 mm downward and 320 mm downward, respectively, determine (a) the accelerations of A and B if ap > 10 mnvs*, (6) the change in position of block D when the velocity of block C is 600 mm/s upward, SOLUTION From the diagram Cable 1: 2y4 +29 + ye = constant ‘Then v4 +20 +e = and Day +2ay +a =0 Cable 2: (vp 94) + Up ~ Yq) = constant ‘Then vy — vp 20 =0 and way dy + 2ay =0 Given: At t 0 (00 = Cade =Coo All accelerations constant. Atr=2s You = 280 mmf When qq =80 mnvs| Ya —(ra)o = 160 mm Ya (aly = 320 mm a, >10 mvs? o @ @ a Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrav-Hill Education. 1937 PROBLEM 11.60* (CONTINUED) 1, (@ Wehave n= Ono HOt Saye and ve“ Weh HOF+ Lac Then = 30-4 = ae —a, Yon =Ye~Y4 = Hae ay AU E22, yoy =—280 mm: (dg = a4 )(2 8° or te = ay 140 © ‘Substituting into Eq. (2) Daly + 2g + (ay 140) = or 4, 440-245) iG) Now vn =p —%q = (dy ~ 44) Also y= Ome +O dog? When Vn =80 mmls\: $0 (ap ay) 0 Ay, =160 mm|: Wwo=tar Ayy =320 mm): s00— Saye 1 2 Then 160 =H ay ~ a4) Using Eq. (7) 320=(80 or r= 4s Then 160 4a,(4)? or a, =200 mwvs"| and 320= dag? or ay = 40.0 mvs| Note that Eq. (6) is not used; thus, the problem is over-determined. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1938) PROBLEM 11.60" (CONTINUED) (b) Substituting into Eg. (5) d¢ = 20-140 = 120 mm's* and into Eq. 4) (20 mnvs*)— (40 mnvs*) +2a, = or ay =30 mov Now ve =O Hach When ve. 600 mm/s = (—120 mm/s?) or : Lo Also Yoo HON +S apt? Atr= 5s: (30 mm/s* (5 8° or Yo-(Yp)o Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1939) PROBLEM 11.61 A particle moves in a straight line with a constant acceleration of —4 vs? for 6, zero acceleration for the next 4s, and a constant acceleration of +4 fs? for the next 4s. Knowing that the ° Soa Patcle starts from the origin and that its velocity is —8 fs “4 during the zero acceleration time interval, (a) construct the v—t and 2x—1 curves for 0 < 1-< 14s, (b) determine the position and the velocity of the particle and the total distance traveled when r= 14s, SOLUTION ateie") From the af curve | Ay =—24 fs, A (a) Construct the vt eurve: y, = —8 fuls From the v—rcurve (b) Construct the xf curve ‘Total Distance Traveled d=s8 id Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1940. Problem 11.62 A particle moves in a straight line with a constant acceleration of 4 fUs* for 65, zero acceleration forthe next 4 5, and a constant acceleration of +4 fs? for the next 4s, Knowing that the "particle starts from the origin with », = 16 f¥s, (a) construct the vat and x—r curves for 0 < # < 14s, (b) determine the amount of time during which the particle is further than 16 ft from the origin, SOLUTION aucteres) From the a—1 curve 6 6 fus Ay = 24 fs, A, (@) Construct the =F curve: yy =16 fs Y= Mo Ay =16~(-24) =-8 tus 8 tus tee =8 tus “ar Fromthe y-feuve —A,=32 Ay =-8R An HBA RBA HRM Construct the x—r curve 4 =0 Aya aytAy=220 wea yt Ay =24 ft Xi =e FAG =—B I (6) Time for j}> 16 0 From the xf diagram, this s time interval 1, tf & — 40 ai From 0 n=10.695 Between 26 s and 41: vam Using similar triangles 4l-p _ 1S 20” 300 = Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior writen consent of MeGrav- Hill Education. 1946, Problem 11.65 ‘A particle moves in a straight line with the velocity shown in the figure. Knowing that x= — 48 ft at r= 0, draw the a—rand.x—1 curves for 0 < t < 40s and determine (a) the maximum value of the position coordinate of the particle, (b) the values of ¢ for which the particle is ata distance of 108 ft from the origin. SOLUTION ‘The a1 curveis the slope of the »—1 curve O ve Therefore, CX4/p)yq Will occur when v4, = vp, Which occurs for a), (tp), [Note (fg), © 1 yyy 1 Then, for 1> (15): arp = Cara min THE tin XA nal! oe +l =tta)s IPs} -{t00. — Cun) 2 Of = 34.6231 + [(F ~2.00909)s x (441Us)] or —[[Link]— zoom, (S08 Jus 2usrsxcan cor or rats Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1965 02 Te a@) YF curve for 0 PROBLEM 11.77 ‘An accelerometer record for the motion of a given part of a ‘mechanism is approximated by an arc of a parabola for 0.2 s and a straight line for the next 0.2 s as shown in the figure, Knowing that v= 0 when 1=0 and x= O08 ft when = 0.4 5, (a) construct the (04 5, (b) determine the position of the part atr=03 sand1=0.25. SOLUTION vide the area of the a—t curve into the four areas Ay. Ay and Ay A 200 2) = 1.0667 fs Ay = (16)(02)= 3.2 tus 2 tus 1 316+ 8x0.0) (8)(0.1) A fus van = 4.27 tus vas = 547 tus 5.87 fs Sketch the y—1 curve and divide its area into A, A,, and A, as shown, foe 8— poo or x = 08 f “vat Ati=038, fag = 08 A; —B.47}0.1) 2 with 4.=2(04)0.)= 002670, ys = 0207 ag =0.8— (As + Ag) Ay (1.6)(0.2) 121338, and A7-= (4.27)(0.2) = 0.8533 ft gg = 0.8 0.2133 0.8533 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1966, PROBLEM 11.78 A car is traveling at a constant speed of ato) 54 km/h when its driver sees a child run into the road. The driver applies her brakes until the child retums to the sidewalk and then accelerates to resume her original speed of 54 km/h; the acceleration record of the car is, shown in the figure. Assuming x=0 when f= 0, determine (a) the time ¢, at which the velocity is again 54 knv/h, (b) the position of the car at that time, (c) the average velocity of the car during the interval 1s < rf, SOLUTION Given At 10, x20, v= 54 kmh; For 1=4, v= S4kmm First note =15m/s (@ — Wehave vy=y, + (area under a—t curve from ¢, 0 4) Then Mra2s: yaIS—()6)=9 mis t=45 8: (2.5)(6)= 1.5 mis 15=15 Ft 4510) or 1-18.05 € () Using the above values of the velocities, the v—r curve is drawn as shown. Ys is Copyright © MeGrav-Hill Education. AU rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeCrav-Hill Education. 1967 PROBLEM 11.78 (CONTINUED) Now (O— Firstnote Now wal r= 18s jg =0+5 (area under the v—s curve from ¢=0 to 1=18) =«isxsmis) +a), + QS 991.5 ms) +50.59)07.5m)) = oasoessiny Zn sents =178.75m aA ar (178.75 =15)m (G8—Ds 2 =9.6324mis IS +12 + (3.75 + 6.25) + (20.25 + 121.50)]m ny=178.8m vac 47k Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1968) PROBLEM 11.79 An airport shuttle train travels between two terminals that are 1.6 mi apart. To maintain passenger comfort, the acceleration of the train is limited to =4 fis’, and the jerk, or rate of change of acceleration, is limited to 0.8 fils’ per second, If the shuttle has a maximum speed of 20 mish, determine (a) the shortest time for the shuttle to travel between the two terminals, (b) the corresponding average velocity of the shuttle, SOLUTION Giver First note 1.6 mi =8448 ft (@ To obtain ,,,, the (rain must accelerate and decelerate at the maximum rate to maximize the time for which y= y,... The time Ar required for the train o have an acceleration of 4 [Us is found from da Gan Imax At tus? or ss 0.8 fUs"Is or Ar=5s Now. after 5 s, the speed of the trai ‘Then, since vs < va... the train will continue to accelerate at 4 fis" until » must then have the shape shown. Note thatthe magnitude of the slope of each inclined portion ofthe curve is 0.8 fis! oR Copyright © MeGrav-Hill Education. AU rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeCrav-Hill Education. 1969 PROBLEM 11.79 (CONTINUED) Now at = 0+ AK), 2]E65 904 Ws?) + (As MA?) = 29.33 ls or An = 2.2333 s ‘Then asses: =0+ 115 =10 tvs 12733338: v=10+(2.3333)4)= 19.3332 tvs 1=123333 198332 fs 193332 L5y) Using symmetry, the v—F curve is then drawn as shown, ape, — amas ss tga] Ss bees 5” Noting that A; = Ay = A Ay and that the area under the v—1 curve is equal t0 ,,.,We have 2313 of 02222 = (0+ Ans x(29.3332 1% Saas nt or tp =275.67 8 Then tain = (58) +2(0.3933 5) +275.67 5 300345 or ‘na Ax L6mi 3600s ‘Ar 3003¥8” Th (0) Wehave ne or =19.18 mim Copyright © MeGrav-Hill Education. AU rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeCrav-Hill Education. 1970 PROBLEM 11.80 During a manufacturing process, a conveyor belt starts from rest and travels a total of 1.2 ft before temporarily coming to rest. Knowing that the jerk, or rate of change of acceleration, is limited to =4.8 fils’ per second, determine (a) the shortest time required for the belt to move 1.2 ft, (b) the maximum and average values ofthe velocity of the belt during that time. SOLUTION Gi en: At £20, 1-0, v= OF ty 12 when =F V=0: @ We have al rar + EAM ga) 122A Ya = Fel + HAM ga )= gy Mt Using symmetry, the v—1 is then drawn as shown, Te eat Sat ta Noting that A, = A; we have = Ay and that the area under the v—r curve is equal 0 ,..., (2AD 0g) = Sims Vax = Oar Mt = gay AP? = an Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AU rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeCrav-Hill Education. ion PROBLEM 11.80 (CONTINUED) Now ‘Then ()— Wehave Also So. = 4,8 fUS7IS so that At " 2(4.8Ar tus )AP A 20 an = Minx Mt = (4.8046 ANAL = 4.817 Is x (0.5 SF 128 2.008 Yous =1.2 fs vac = 006 05 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1972 ~e (evs) PROBLEM 11.81 40 “Two seconds are required to bring the piston rod of an air eylinder to rest; the acceleration 30 record of the piston rod during the 2s is as shown, Determine by approximate means 20 (a) the initial velocity of the piston rod, (6) the distance traveled by the piston rod as it is 19] brought to rest, 025 a5 075 10 125 15 178 20 1@) SOLUTION Gives a1 curve; al 1=25, v=0 1, The a—r curve is first approximated with a series of rectangles, each of width A= 0.25 s. The area(s) (a,,) of each rectangle is approximately equal to the change in velocity A for the specified interval of time, Thus, a Aye At where the values of «,,, and Ay are given in columns I and 2, respectively, of the follo 2 Now va=n+ fiad=o and approximating the awa f ‘adt under the a—1 curve by Sa,,.At ~ Av, the initial velocity is then equal 10 Finally. using + Ay, ‘where Avi is the change in velocity between times f, and 4, the velocity at the end of each (0.25 interval can be computed; see column 3 of the table and the »—r curve, 3. The vf curve is then approximated with a series of rectangles, each of width 0.25 s, The area (An(vj¢) of each rectangle is approximately equal to the change in position A.x for the specified interval of time. Thus Ave tye where v,,. and Ax are given in columns 4 and 5, respectively, of the table. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. AUl rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1973 PROBLEM 11.81 (CONTINUED) 4, With xy =0 and noting that pT AN Where Ax is the change in position between times 1, and ¢,. the position at the end of each 0.25 s interval can be computed; see column 6 of the table and the x—r curve. a 4 as | Es [ae fe es Wi] sh of 2% 96 arsvo us iS 10 4s 2b seo eefawo i sr a] 28 | 248 ys fare fo enfaue | 9.50 [140 [es oie} Toaifows =| 3] 25 [88s stons | aware 50 1:0 1-92.52 179 an0 |[-[Link] D.vs2 [Link] Be 3s [-o8 Se] 49 125 [0.28 osf-o0si| 27H dots nove POY te [on 28 FSH Sool ots B08 Sy Zoot 0 ised 0 pas Apes ©. 8] BUSSE AS BS NS (@— Webad found v= 1.914 mis Mrmrs osiom Copyright © MeGrav-Hill Education. AU rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeCrav-Hill Education. i974 (ms?) PROBLEM 11.82 79 ‘The acceleration record shown was obtained ct) during the speed trials of a sports car. so| Knowing that the car starts from rest, determine by approximate means (a) the velocity of the car at 1 = 8 s, (b) the distance the car has traveled at ¢ = 20 40) 20) 10] D2 Fos WRN KDR WO SOLUTION a—1 curve; at Ox=0¥ 1. ‘The a=t curve is first approximated with a series of rectangles, each of width Ar=2s. The area (A)(q,,) of each rectangle is approximately equal to the change in velocity Aw for the specified interval of time. Thus, a AyeAt where the values of a,,, and Av are given in columns 1 and 2, respectively, of the following table. 2. Noting that vy =0 and that yyy tA, where Av, is the change in velocity between times f, and 1, the velocity at the end of each 2.5 interval can be computed; see column 3 of the table and the v—r curve. 3. The v—2 curve is next approximated with a series of rectangles, each of width Ar 2s. The area (A1)vy,) of each rectangle is approximately equal to the change in position 2x for the specified interval of time. Thus, Ax ®ve Where »,,. and Ax are given in columns 4 and 5, respectively, of the table. 4. With xy =0 and noting that mat Ane ‘where Axis isthe change in position between times 1, and 1, the position atthe end of each 2's imterval can be computed; see column 6 ofthe table and the xf curve Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeGrave-Hill Education. 1975 PROBLEM 11.82 (CONTINUED) 12s 4 ls ER ERSTE aN AN EN | es, ©. ° Se [ie | 2 {see fun 12 2 at Lose Pas Peas tt 4 3.38 | une [2 [Link]] 10.08) se iS So ate Peet ates [ene | 2 [s zoe [an ff saa| aan PES 8 at [aan ff eat ae PS 4 war [een PM Ta se [eseg PS ‘= 123 | 24 Me eae [8838 posse We a5 ee ee fa a 4.02 [57.24 ee = oa one 1.8 [tT sossfonn Pe @ Mr=8s» 32.58 mis or (b) Atr=208 17.3 kmh | Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. written consent of MeCrav-Hill Education. 1976 No reproduction or distribution without the prior PROBLEM 11.83 A training airplane has a velocity of 126 fs when itTands on an aircraft carrier. As the arresting gear of the cartier brings the airplane to rest, the velocity and the acceleration of the airplane are recorded; the results are shown (solid curve) in the figure. Determine by approximate means (a) the time required for the airplane to come to rest, (b) the distance traveled in that time, "ya 40 10012014) SOLUTION Given: a—v curve: 1 = 126 tus ‘The given curve is approximated by a series of uniformly accelerated motions (the horizontal dashed lines on the figure), on For uniformly accelerated motion - = HS «| i » ore or =| lol | i of Sa For the five regions shown above, we have Region | v,fus | v,,fus | afus? | Ax | Ans 1 6 | 0 | -125 | 500 | 0.80 2 | 120 | 10 | —33 66.7 | 0.606 3 100 80 45.5 396 0.440 4 80 40 4 44 | O74) 5 40 0 | 38 138 | 0.690 = 235 | 2937 (@ From the table, when »=0 1=2965 4 (®) From the table and assuming x, = 0, when v= 0 sant Copyright © MeGravs-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeCrav-Hill Education. 1977 i) PROBLEM 11.84 ~ — ‘Shown in the figure is a portion of the experimentally | determined v—x curve for a shuttle cart, Determine by ” approximate means the acceleration of the cart (a) when o = 10 i. (b) When » = 80 Inds. af 028) SOLUTION Given: v—x curve s oS | °s 1626 3s First note tat the slope of the above curve is Now dv @ When ‘Then or 01630 inds? () Wheny =80 inJs, we have a= inn ($24) 28 in, or a=1143 ins? Note: To use the method of measuring the subnormal outlined at the end of Section 11.8, itis necessary that the same seale be used forthe x and v axes (2. 1 in. = 50 in, 1 in. = 50 inJs). In the above solution, Av and Ax were measured directly, so different scales could be used. Copyright © MeGrav-Hill Education. AU rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of MeCrav-Hill Education. 1978.

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