Sample Number 1

Chapter III
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

This chapter will present the methodology to be used in this study. It

includes the research design, participants of the study, research instrument,
data gathering procedure, and data processing procedure. These will explain
why the researchers will use certain methods as the study progresses and give
clear academic justification of all the choices they make.

Research Design
The research design to be used in this study will be descriptive
phenomenology research design in addressing the research questions.
According to Welch, [Link]. (2017), this type of phenomenology is always used in
social science research as a method to explore and describe the lived
experiences of people. While, Matua GA, [Link]. (2015) said that this is the
“pure” description of people’s experiences that is often differentiated with
interpretive phenomenology. 
This method will be appropriate for this study because it attempts to
systematically understand the problem and provide useful information about
the phenomenon. 

Participants of the Study

Two (2) students, who have obtained the first and second rank of their
class in 3rd grading period, will be chosen from each of the five (5) HUMSS
sections to be interviewed. Therefore, ten (10) students from Grade 11- HUMSS
strand will be picked using purposive sampling, specifically homogenous
sampling. A purposive sample is also known as judgmental, selective, or
subjective sampling. Its main goal is to focus on characteristics of a population
that can enable them to answer research questions. While homogenous
sampling is a type of purposive sampling that is chosen for having the same
traits or set of characteristics. (Crossman, 2018)
Purposive sampling will be an appropriate method to be used in this
study because it will sample participants who are reflected to explain and
describe their experiences on smart- shaming. Also, one of its types, the
homogenous sampling, was suitable because the participants must have the
same trait of being intelligent for intelligent people are usually victims of being
smart- shamed. 
Research Instrument
There are many techniques in gathering data for the analysis of
experiences.  Interviews, questionnaires, observations, and records are the
different tools for collecting data. But for this study, semi- structured
interviews will be the most suitable research instrument. 
Interview is a formal face-to-face meeting or conversation in which facts
or statements are elicited from one another. One of its types is called semi-
structured interview that is most often used in social sciences. This kind of
interview is open, and it allows new ideas to be brought up during the interview
as a result of what the interviewee says. This is the most suitable information
gathering because it is believed to provide a deeper understanding of social
phenomena than would be obtained from purely qualitative methods such as
questionnaires. 
But before all this, the researchers will request three master teachers,
teachers in Practical Research I, to validate the research questions and
instruments to be used in their study. Then, they will start building rapport
and stimulate openness from the participants. During the interaction, probing
questions will be asked with due consideration. The participants will be
assumed and expected to respond with utmost honesty and sincerity.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will write and submit a letter seeking permission from
the principal of Pangasinan National High School to conduct this study. Upon
receiving the approval of the principal, the researchers will begin selecting
participants in Grade 11- HUMSS students using purposive sampling.
Then, choosing the first and second ranked students in every Grade 11-
HUMSS strand, they will first be asked if they are willing to participate in this
study. With their compliance, they will be given a participant consent form to
serve as the evidence and assurance of their willingness and obligingness. They
could withdraw if they could not succeed any further with the interview such
as being too sensitive about the topic. With the consent form signed, the
researchers will find a good location and a specific time to conduct the
interview. 
The research instrument, the semi- structured interview, will be used to
ask them questions that will be ordered in a logical sequence. It will avoid a
yes- or- no question to allow the participants to give more detailed information
about their experiences on smart- shaming. Audio- recording through mobile
phones will be used to record their details for more accurate data. In the on-
going interview, some researchers write and take note of the observations they
will notice such as their facial expressions, hand gestures, eye contact, etc.
These observations will be important as they truly show what the participants
really feel. These will all be written in a field note, which refers to the
qualitative notes recorded by the researchers during an interview and
observation of a specific phenomenon they are studying.
Lastly, the confidentiality of the information will be assured and
maintained as it offers respect and protection to the research participants.
Therefore, as part of the data gathering procedure, all details that could reveal
the participants’ identities will be replaced with pseudonyms which are
appropriate to maintain the privacy of those interested parties, as Rodger
(2011) stated. Informational replacements will be observed during the
transcription process so that only the participants and the researchers know
their real identities and other private details.
After all these steps are accomplished, the participants will receive full
gratitude from the researchers as they will obligingly share their experiences to
the researchers and be a part of the research study.
Finally, recordings and transcriptions will be analyzed through
descriptive phenomenology research design, a scientific method which involves
observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any
way. 

Data Processing Procedure 

The researchers will begin transcribing the data they will gather in the
semi- structured interview and observations written in their field notes.
Transcription process in qualitative research, according to Tiwari [Link]. (2018),
has made the overall process of interpreting data very simple for researchers. It
will be useful for them to analyze and interpret information with ease as the
participants’ details are easily understandable for the need for better structure.
First, transcribing the data they will obtain using the audio- recording from the
semi- interview which the participants will share how it means to be smart-
shamed and what experiences they have encountered. Second will be their
facial expressions, hand gestures, eye contact, the sound of their voice, and
their focus on the main topic which were all written in the field notes. Lastly
will be their personal information which they wanted to keep confidential, a
sign of respect and agreement between the researchers and the participant. 
After all these three important pieces of information are accomplished
and transcribed, the researchers will start analyzing, interpreting, and
reporting all the results and data they will obtain. This will associate all the
responses to answer and give results to the two main objectives of the study.
Data analysis will be done using coding analysis. With this, themes and
subthemes will be derived from the responses of the participants. 

 
Sample Number 2

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, participants of the study,
research instrument, data gathering procedure and data processing procedure.

Research Design
The researchers employed a phenomenological method to achieve the
objective of the study which is to understand and discover the lived
experiences of the Grade 11 ABM students involved in online shopping. This
method allowed the participants to describe their experiences towards the
modern way of buying which is online and it helped the researchers to take all
necessary information that is needed to make the research reliable and
truthful. 
The phenomenological approach is the most appropriate method to use
in this study because its goal is to gain a deeper understanding of a certain
issue and explore the lived experiences of an individual. It allowed the
participants, through interviews, to elicit their perspective towards online
shopping and to describe their experiences. As mentioned by Christensen,
Johnson and Turner (2010), the primary objective of phenomenological
methods is to explicate the meaning, structure, and essence of the lived
experiences of an individual, or a group of people around a particular
phenomenon.

Participants of the Study 

The participants in this study will be ten (10) Grade 11 ABM students of
Pangasinan National High School who have previous experiences on online
shopping.
This study will use purposive sampling because the participants will be
selected according to the purpose of the study. According to Arikunto
(2010:183), purposive sampling is the process of selecting a sample by taking a
subject that is not based on the level of area, but it is taken based on the
specific purpose. It is a method of sampling where the researcher intentionally
chooses who to include in the study based on their ability to give necessary
data. The reason for choosing this sampling is that the researchers seek to
discover the perceptions of Grade 11 ABM Students, which the participants
would provide by virtue of their experiences. According to Foley (2018),
researchers use purposive sampling to access a particular subset of people, as
all participants of a study are selected because they fit a particular profile.

Research Instrument
The researchers will use a semi-structured interview as a data gathering
instrument for this study.  Interviewing is the most appropriate research
instrument to be used in this study because the intent of this study is to
gather the participants’ views and experiences on online shopping by means of
interviewing the participant who have previous online shopping experiences, we
can gather enough information about this topic. 
The interview guides will be validated by three (3) Master Teachers in
Pangasinan National High School who are teaching Practical Research I. A
semi-structured interview guide containing open-ended questions will be asked
for the participants who have experienced online shopping. 
The interviews will be recorded and then transcribed and note taking of
body movements, feelings, behavior, gestures, and facial expressions will be
observed to uncover the underlying emotions from the participants during the
interview. Prior to this, the researchers will try to build rapport, openness, and
respect with the participants. 

Data Gathering Procedure

The study will begin by requesting permission for the approval of
conducting our interview from the principal of Pangasinan National High
School through a letter of consent form. The researchers will personally ask the
participants to be interviewed and they will be given a letter of consent form. 
Data will be gathered from the 10 participants with the use semi-
structured interview guide containing both closed and open-ended questions
with the aim of getting information on their experiences as well as the use of
field notes to gather essential information necessary in this study. Audio-
recording and field notes will also be used to record their thoughts as well as
their gestures, facial expressions, behavior. 
Also, the researchers will assure to offer respect and protection to our
participants through assurance of confidentiality of information and anonymity
by not revealing their identity. Therefore, as part of data collection process, all
identifying information that could reveal the participants’ identities, places or
things that could make such identities easily known was replaced with
pseudonyms or other fictitious representations as are appropriate to maintain
the privacy of those interested parties (Rodger, 2011). During the transcription,
analysis and encoding of the data, informational replacements will be observed
so that only the participants and the researchers know their identities and
other private details.

Data Processing Procedure

Data will be gathered by the researchers through interviews and field
notes. After gathering all the data, the researchers will transcribe the thoughts
of our participants that will be recorded using smartphones with the
permission of the participants. After the transcription of the data, the
researchers will analyze and understand the thoughts and responses of the
participants. Confidentiality of the identities of our participants will be
observed using fictitious or pseudonyms representations after transcribing
their responses.
Thereafter, all the data will be collected by the researchers including the
participants’ behaviors, facial expressions, gestures, movement, and their
emotions will be recorded. Then, the researchers will encode and finalize the
data that they will gather. The researchers will categorize their responses by
combining the thoughts that have similarities and getting the main idea which
will then be analyzed to come up with themes and sub-themes. The
researchers will interpret and analyze the data using coding analysis in which
they will look for the commonalities to generate themes and sub-themes based
on the responses of the participants.