The City School
Prep Girls North Nazimabad
Science Worksheet
Class 8
Name: __________________________ Sec: _______ Date: _________
Sankey Diagrams
A Sankey diagram shows you how well a machine uses energy. In other words, it tells you if it uses it efficiently
(without much waste) or inefficiently (with a lot of waste).
The thickness of the arrows shows how much energy is involved. (The length of the arrows does not matter in a
Sankey Diagram.) Useful energy transfers are shown going left to right. Wasteful energy transfers are shown going
upwards.
Energy into
machine Useful
(100 %) Energy out
of machine
(50 %)
Wasted
Energy
(50 %)
Q.1Write in these labels on the diagram above:
a. INPUT ENERGY
b. USEFUL OUTPUT ENERGY
c. WASTED OUTPUT ENERGY
Q.2A normal filament bulb transfers 10% of energy as light (useful) but 90% as heat energy (wasted). Draw
a Sankey diagram in the space below.
Note: On this scale, each tiny square on the graph paper represents 10%
Note: On this scale, each tiny square on the graph paper represents 10%
Remember to label it with: INPUT ENERGY, USEFUL OUTPUT ENERGY, WASTED OUTPUT
ENERGY
Q.3An energy efficient bulb transfers 40% of the energy as useful light energy.
a. How much energy is transferred as heat? _____________________
b. Draw a Sankey Diagram in the space below
Remember to label it with: INPUT ENERGY, USEFUL OUTPUT ENERGY, WASTED OUTPUT ENERGY
Q.4A team of scientists test an “old banger” car. They find out that only 10% of the energy is transferred as
kinetic energy (useful) and 70% is transferred as heat energy (wasted).
[Link] much energy is wasted as sound? _______________________
[Link] a Sankey Diagram in the space below
Label the arrows with input energy, useful output energy (kinetic), wasted output energy (heat), wasted
output energy (sound)
Q.5A team of scientists test a brand new hybrid car. They find out that 40% of the energy is
transferred as kinetic energy (useful) and 55% is transferred as heat energy (wasted).
a. How much energy is wasted as sound? _______________________
b. Draw a Sankey Diagram in the space below
Q.6Comlete the given Sankey diagrams
1.
1000 J 900 J
Electrical KETTLE Heat energy
energy in water
____ J Heat energy in
the surroundings
2.
400 J 350 J
_______ MICROWAVE Heat energy
energy in food
____ J ____ energy in
the surroundings
3.
1000 J 400 J
______ HAIRDRYER ____ energy
energy in air
100 J ____ energy in ____ J _____ energy of
the surroundings the air
4.
10,000 J 9,000 J
______ LIFT MOTOR ____ energy
energy in the lift
500 J ____ energy in ____ J _____ energy of
the surroundings the surroundings
Q.7 The drawings below show what happens to the energy supplied to four appliances. Complete the
sentences below 98 % o f th e e n e rg y is
u s e d to h e a t th e w a te r
2 % o f th e e n e r g y is w a s te d
% o f th e e n e rg y
is g iv e n o u t a s lig h t
95 % o f th e e n e rg y is w a s te d
5 0 % o f th e e n e rg y
is g iv e n o u t a s s o u n d
5 0 % o f th e e n e rg y i s w a s te d
40 % o f th e e n e rg y is
u s e d to m o ve th e w h is k s
.
% o f th e e n e rg y is w a s te d
Parts of the mixer become hot because some of the electrical energy is changed into...........................
energy which is wasted.
Energy is wasted as sound in many appliances. Which appliance in the drawings produces sound
which is not wasted.............................? In which of the appliances is the highest percentage of energy
wasted? ........................
Q.8 The table below gives information about three fuels that can be used in cars.
shows a
some of the substances produced
energy substance is
fuel physical when the fuel burns
released, produced
state in kJ/kg carbon sulphur water when the fuel
monoxide dioxide burns.
X shows a
petrol liquid 48 000 substance is
not produced
hydrogen gas 121 000 X X when the fuel
burns.
ethanol liquid 30 000 X
(alcohol)
(a) Which fuel, in the table, releases the least energy per kilogram
(kg)? .......................................................
(b) Some scientists say that if hydrogen is burned as a fuel there will be less pollution.
From the information in the table, give one reason why there will be less pollution.
______________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Which of the three fuels in the table can be compressed into a small
container?....................................
(d) Petrol and ethanol are both fuels. Petrol is made from oil. Scientists say that oil could run out
in 100 [Link] some countries people plant sugar cane and use it to make ethanol. Sugar cane
will not run out. Explain why.
__________________________________________________________________________
Q.9 Meera found out how wave energy can be used to generate electricity.
She saw the diagram below on the Internet.
Each box below shows a stage in
generating electricity.
A The air turns the turbine.
The turbine turns the generator
B
C The wave move up the chamber
D The generator produces electricity.
On the lines below write the letters of the stages in the correct order.
Two have been done for you.
The waves push the air up the
E chamber. .....C..... ........... ......A...... ........... ............
Q.10The tides can be used to generate electricity. A dam is built across a river estuary, as shown below.
da m
w a te r le v e l
(a) The water is higher on one side of the dam than tu rb in e s p in s
on the other. As the water begins to flow through to ge n e ra te
e le c tric ity
the dam it turns a turbine. The turbine generates w ate r le v el
electricity. w a te r flo w
Describe the useful energy changes which take
place in this process. s e a b ed s ea b e d
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
(b) Explain why tides are classified as a renewable energy source.
.........................................................................................................................
(c) Give one way, other than from the tides, of generating electricity by using the sea.
.........................................................................................................................
(d) Apart from cost, give one advantage and one disadvantage of an oil-fired power station
compared with a tidal power station.
advantage .......................................................................................................
disadvantage ..................................................................................................
Q.11Key words: fossil, pressure, non-renewable, oxygen, animals, crude oil
Millions of years ago lived microscopic plants and
___________. When they died they did not rot down. They
probably became covered in some way, so that conditions
lacked ___________. Over many years they became trapped
by rock layers, and were changed into ___________ and
natural gas by heat and ___________.
They are called ___________ fuels because they formed from
dead organisms. They are ___________ because it would take
millions of years before they could form again.
Q.12The house is showing the percentage of energy wasted from our houses. Write total energy wasted from walls
and windows
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By insulating your home and becoming more energy efficient, you can significantly reduce the heat loss from each
of the areas shown above. This will mean that your home will be much warmer and more comfortable, as well as
saving you money on your fuel bills. In turn, because less energy used means less Carbon Dioxide, you will be
helping the earth to combat Climate Change.
The diagrams showing the ways by which you make your house energy efficient
This is the diagram of thermal power station. Draw energy
transformation chain with the help of labelled parts as1,2,3,4