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Capacitance

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Capacitance

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স্নেহা আইচ
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ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 2, (b) It is clear from Fig. 2.78 that the charge on each 4 Ya — Va) (Vg - Vy) = 2 ~ of the capacitors C, C, and C, is same. Let it be q. Let 4G the charge on C, be q’. Putting the values of q, and q,, we get = [Link] AB, V,= 4 G ve, VC, P.D. across BC, a G . | P.D. across CD, 4 (G+ GUG+G) c we have of ano, QG imple 64. Five identical capacitor plates, each of area A fre arranged such that the adjacent plates are at distance d apart. The plates are connected to a source of emf V, as shown in Fig. 2.80. Find the charges on the various plates. (ar) But -V,+V,+V3=V 8 =17%10°C Also, P.D. across AD= 1) 2} 3} 4 5| q'= 500 x C, = 500 x 10 wc = 5000 x 10° C=5x 10° C. a Example 63 Determine the potential difference V, ~Vp between points A and B of the circuit shown in Fig. 2.79. Fig, 2.80 Under what condition is it equal to zero ? Solution. As shown in Fig. 2.81, the given network is equivalent to three parallel-plate capacitors con- q q t+ nected in parallel. —y 2 ; pe B eG Their capacitances are 7 ae! ad | fA 2604 ang SA tt d da d v The p.d. across each v Part ; capacitor is V. 4 Solution. Suppose the charge 4, flows in the upper . branch and 4, in the lower branch. Then = aa Charge= Capacitance x p.d. atl c So charges on various plates are _VOG, -. AV | 2H AV ba! NOG eerie a 1 wy 2to AV | 2 ty AV Also, vea(d grt, a, _s. AV « VES gt. BOG ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 8. Find the equivalent capacitance of the combination shown in Fig. 2.87 between the points A and B (5-288) Fig, 2.87 9. For the network shown in Fig. 2.88, calculate the ‘equivalent capacitance between points A and B. mee om Fig. 2.98 10, Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor C in Fig. 2.89. The equivalent capacitance of the combi- nation between P and Q is 30 uF. [CBSE OD 95] 20 WF (Ans. 60nF) tk ic 20 nF rota 4,28 20 uF 7 11. Calculate the equivalent capacitance between points A and B of the combination shown in Fig. 2.90. LaF (Ans. 0.5 nF) 1 . 12, Find the equivalent capacitance between points 4 (anc $n") a 1), Lalculate the equivalent capacitance between the s A and Bof the circuit given below. G ICBSE F 95) Ih tr | oka iy Ti Tt Fig. 292 wh sac of six identical capacitors, each of value is made, as shown in Fig. 2.93. Find the equivalent ‘capacitance between the points A and B ZEN Fig. 2.93 15. Find the equivalent capacitance between the points A and B of the network of capacitors shown in 28 (Ans ith) nF 2 uF Ae + Fig. 294 (Ans 1nF) uF 2uF uF uF ct t+ IPSS uRS= WF 28 na. 204 _ yf in tne capstan bene he pints and of the assembly shown in Fig. 2.95. FF (Ans.225 0B) Hh A Su joes LA uF Ou ae 17. Find the resultant capacitance between the points X and Y of the combination of capacitors shown in Fig.296. 5 uF (Ans. 254F) 1OuF | Sur oI 3 I Sur Fs. 296 WY Find the total charge stored in the network of capacitors connected between A and Bas shown in Fig. 297, {CSE OD 20) an, 2 uF A a uF uP | av Fig. 2.97 19. In Fig, 2.98, G = 1pF, C, = 2uF and C, = 3yF. Find the equivalent capacitance between points A and B. (Ans. 6) Fig. 2.98 Four capacitors of equal capacitances are con- nected in series with a battery of 10 V, as shown in Fig. 2.99. The middle point B is connected to the earth. What will be the potentials of the points A and C? (Ans. V4 =#5V, Ve=-5V) gov th 2 at Te Ic fi. 2.98 21. Determine the potential difference across the plates of each capacitor of the network shown in Fig, 2.100. Take E, > E, (B-B)G B=) Ans. V, = Va= ( men GHG 8 GHG 4) ¢, 1-* + 2D +h Ak MG, q Fig. 2.100 PHYSICS xi 22. Pind the potential difference between the points 4 and Hof the arrangement shown in Fig, 2101 fy {J av ay 2uh 4 uh Fig. 2.101 of nv copacitor hav n plates and the distanc iL Deter between two successive plates i capacitance ( a Ans.¢ 24. A network of four capacitors cach of 12 pF capacitance is connected to a 500 V supply as shown in Fig, 2.102, Determine (a) equivalent capacitance of the network, and (b) charge on each capacitor ICBSE OD 19), [Ans. (a) 16 HF (b) 4, = 4 = 4, ~2000 nC, 4g, = 60000 iC] ae i e— sv —- va the network shown in Fig. 2.103, compute ie oe + ree typ ae (@ the equivalent capacitance between points a and b. (ii) the charge on each of the capacitors nearest toa and b when V,,, = 900 V. (iit) Vig , when V,,, = 900 V. [Ans. (i) 1 F (i) 900 wC (vii) 100 V) 64 (id) The arrangement (#) can be supposed to be a series combination of two capacitors, each with plate area A and separation 4/2. Therefore, the total capacitance C' is given by ee es CoG Ge AR * ey AK, d/2 d/2 aoe © 2eA\ Ky K, or crn 2toA_rike d (ey +, Ratio of the capacitances in the two arrangements is PHYSICS-xiI itance of the capacitor becomes 2/3rd of its original value. What is the new distance between the plates ? [CBSE OD O8C1 (Ans. 8 mm) The distance between the parallel plates of a chargeq capacitor is 5 cm and the intensity of electric field is 300 V cm”. A slab of dielectric constant 5 and thick. ness 1 cmis inserted parallel to the plates. Determine the potential difference between the plates, before and after the slab is inserted ?- (Ans 1500 V, 1269 v) A parallel plate capacitor with plate separation 5 mm is charged by a battery. It is found that on introducing a mica sheet 2 mm thick, while keeping the battery connections intact, the capacitor drawe 25% more energy from the battery than before. Find dielectric constant of mica. (ns 2) ANN, Ky 40%, Ry + +R), K ax, +3) _ (6, En So Met ty) dey tv) (ey +) Figure 2.132 shows a parallel plate capacitor of ¢ 2d Rey ARK, 4K te area A and plate separation [Link] entire space (b) Here x, =2,x,=3 is filled with three different dielectric slabs of same . thickness. Find, the equivalent capacitance of the C_@+3% 25 arrangement. 36 AX, = Ans C= = 24 A _/roblems For Practice I A parallel-plate capacitor having plate area 100 cm? and separation 1.0 mm holds a charge of 0.124C when connected to a 120 V battery. Find the dielectric constant of the material filling the gap. (Ans. 113) Find the length of the paper used in a capacitor of capacitance 2uF, if the dielectric constant of the paper is 2.5 and its width and thickness are 50 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively. (Ans. 90 m) 3. A parallel-plate capacitor consists of 26 metal strips, each of 3cm x4cm, separated by mica sheets of dielectric constant 6 and uniform thickness 0.2 mm. Find the capacitance. (Ans. 7.97 x 10"? F) 4. A parallel-plate capacitor of capacity 0.5 uF is to be constructed using paper sheets of thickness 0.04 mm. as dielectric. Find how many circular metal foils of diameter 0.1 m will have to be used. Take the dielectric constant of paper used as 4. (Ans. 73) 5. When a slab of insulating material 4 mm thick is introduced between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, it is found that the distance between the plates has to be increased by 3.2 mm to restore the capacitance to the original value. Calculate the dielectric constant of the material. (ns. 5) The two plates of a parallel plate capacitor are 4 mm apart. A slab of dielectric constant 3 and thickness 3 mm is introduced between the plates with its faces parallel to them. The distance between the plates is so adjusted that the capa- " ea —_,_ Fig. 2.132 10. The space between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is filled with three dielectric slabs of equal thickness, as shown in Fig, 2.133. If the dielectric constants of the three slabs are x,, K, and x, find the new capacitance. Fig. 2.133 [Ans c= Ses 4p +5) A slab of material of dielectric constant x has the ‘same area as the plates of a parallel plate capacitor but has thickness d/2, where d is the separation between the plates. Find the expression for the capacitance when the slab is inserted between the plates. [CBSE F 10; OD 13) =) ASS 1 HINTS 1, Capacitance, cud -OGHE If is the dielectric constant, then Ca ROA _ «x8.85x10! «100x104 d 0x1 =10°% =10°F K=113 ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE (Competition Section) () The potential energy of the system is zero, © The magnitude of the force between the charges at Cand Bis 54neyR? (® The potential at point 0 is —1 12 ne, ‘oR ur 20094 7, Ametal foil of negligible thickness is introduced between two plates of a capacitor at the centre, The capacitance of capacitor will be (@) same (b) double (half (@) Ktimes irr s2, AIRE 03} 8, A solid sphere and a hollow sphere of equal diameters are raised to the same potential. Then, (@) hollow sphere has more charge. (6) both have equal charge. (0) only hollow sphere has charge. (@) solid sphere has more charge. UT 1984) 9. Two capacitors of capacitances C, and C, are connected in parallel. If a charge q is given to the assembly, the charge gets shared. The ratio of the charge on the capacitor C, to the charge that on C, is q Gq @o Oe & Gq 1 OGG @ , GG {UIT 1990] 10. Two identical metal plates are given positive charges q, and q,( (a)+32pC (6) +40 pC (c)+48 pC (d) +80 pC [arr 2012) 2ele 12, Two identical capacitors have the same capaci- lance C. One of them is charged to potential V, and the other to V, The negative ends of the capacitors are con- nected, the decrease in energy of the combined system is @iew-vy — & few? + v2) 2 1 - LCV, +, 4 2 a scm +P rT 2002) 134A parallel plate capacitor of area A, plate sepa- ration d and capacitance Cis filled with three different dielectric materials having dielectric constants x, x, An an e I a | c a 4 and x, as shown. Ifa single dielectric material is to be used to have the same capacitance C in this capacitor, then its dielectric constant x is given by att gt, 1 1 2k; Ie, x +h, KK, yk OK. ()xs—t2 +2n, (@ xs + Kite Ky tks RQ +K3 {UT 2000] 14, Consider the situation shown in the figure. The capacitor Ahas charge q on it, whereas Bis uncharged. Ap ‘The charge appearing on the capacitor B a long time after the switch Sis closed, is (a) zero 4/2 ©q (d)2q {ur 2002] 15, For the circuit shown in figure, which of the following statements is true ? (ITT 1999 ey =2pF (a) With S, closed, V, =15 V, V; =20V. (b) With S, closed, V, = V, =25V. (0) With $, and S, closed, V, (a) with S, and S, closed, V, =0. V, Vo =20V. 13. Xa parallel plate capacitor C with plates of unit ‘rea and separation dis filled with a liquid of dielectric constant x=2. The level of liquid is : initially, Suppose the 4 liquid level decreases ata constant speed v the ti constant asa function of time (Sd + 9eH)6gR 2d? ~3dvt -90"? Sd -90r eR 2d? + 3dot 907? L: A 2 uF capacitor (5 charged as shown in y 12 the figure. The TT ee oF (b) @ (Ur 2008] percentage of its stored energy dissipated after the switch Sis turned to position 2 is (@)0% (6) 20% (6) 75% (4) 80% UT 2011) 18. A thin spherical insulating shell of radius R carries a uniformly distributed charge such that the potential at its surface is V,..A hole with a small area a4nxR*(a <<1) is made on’ the shell without affecting the rest of the shell. Which one of the following statements is correct ? (a) The potential at the centre of the shell is reduced by2ay%, (b) The magnitude of electric field at the centre of the shell is reduced by se. (© The magnitude of electric field at a point, located on a line passing through the hole and shell’s centre, on a distance 2.R from the centre Ve of the spherical shell will be reduced by zt (@) The ratio of the potential at the centre of the shell to that of the point at 5 R from centre towards the hole will be + 12a EE Ady. 2019) Multiple Choice Questions with one or more than one correct answers 19. A charge + qis fixed at each of the points x = xy, 4g =3x9;7= 54y,--to won the X-axis and a charge ~gis PHYSICS-XIt fixed at each of the points x =2 Xp, © , Here iy is a positive constant, Take the electric potential at a point due to a charge Q at a distance r ) from it to be 2. 4ney 7 Then, the potential at the origin due to the above system of the charges is (ao (x 4 qin2 4 @-1 O Seg ind Any ty TT 199 20. A solid conducting sphere having a charge Qis surrounded by an uncharged concentric conducting hollow spherical shell. Let the potential difference between the surfaces of the solid sphere and that of the outer surface of the hollow shell be V. If the shell is now given a charge ~3Q, the new potential difference between the same two surfaces is @v ()2Vv wav (d-2V IT 1980 21. An ellipsoidal cavity is carved within a perfect con- ductor as shown in figure. A positive charge q is placed at the centre of the cavity. The points A and B are on the cavity surface. Then, (a) electric field near A in the cavity = electric field near Bin the cavity (6) charge density at A = charge density at B (©) potential at A= potential at B (@) total electric field flux through the surface of the cavity is q/ ey. UT 1999) 22, A spherically symmetric charge system is centred at origin. Given that Electric potential, t a2 > pe LN i tar’ OR @ Within 1 =2 Ry total enclosed net charge is Q. () Blectric field is discontinuous at r= R,, (© Charge is only present at r= Ry. @) Electrostatic energy is zero for r< Ry. {il 2000) 150 PHYSICS Xt Based on Electric Potential due to a Point Chorge, Group of Point Charges, Electric Dipole and Charged Spherical Shell» 1. Two points P and Q are maintained at the potentials of 10 V and -4 V respectively, The work done in moving 100 electrons from P to Qis (@) -19*10°7) (6) 9.60% 107'7 J ()2AAxAO™]—— ()2.24 x10" J [AEE 2009] 2. An electric charge 10° Cis placed at the origin (0,0) of X-¥ co-ordinate system. Two points Aand Bare situated at (v2,v2 )and (2,0) respectively. The potential difference between the points A and B will be (@ 45 volt (0) 9 volt (0) zero (@ 2 volt 3. Charges are placed on the i vertices of a square as shown. Let [3 7 E be the electric field and V the potential at the centre. If the charges on A and B are |p c intercharged with those on Dand 4 C respectively, then (a) E changes, V remains unchanged. (® E remains unchanged, V changes. (c) both E and V change. (@ E and V remain unchanged. _ 4 Ten charges are placed on the circumference of a circle of radius R with constant angular separation between successive charges. Alternate charges 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 have charge (+4) each, while 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 have charge (~9)each. The potential V and the electric field E at the centre of the circle are respectively (Take V =0 at inliebigs [AIEEE 2007] [AIEEE 2007] JEE Main Sept, 20} ‘A charge Qis uniformly distributed over a long rod ABof length Las s! re. The electric — 0. — potential at the point O lying at distance [from the end Ais JEE Maies 14 39 b © nel » 2 Qin2 () Fraytin? OV Gah 6. The two thin coaxial rings, each of radius a’ and having charges + Q and ~Q respectively are separated by a distance of 's’. The potential difference between the centres of the two rings is afi tonhin 32! o 2! eal ofa Qfio4 ose wale eal EE Main Aug 21] 7.A point dipole p) =—py% is kept at the origin. The potential and electric fields due to this dipole on the y-axis at a distance d are, respectively (Take V =0 at infinity) ie agi? ages OO ie nd @ ?” anegd? * Y negd? {JE Main Apeil 19) 8. The electric dipoles, A, B with respective dipole moments d, =~4qai and d, = —2qai are placed on the axis with a separation R, as shown in the figure. a A B * The distance from A at which both of them produced the same potential is 42R V2R RA OB R R ag @ =1 OF +10 [JEE Main Jan 19] ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE (Competition Section) 9. The given graph shows variation (with distance r from centre) of (@) Potential of a uniformly charged spherical shell (#) Electric field of a uniformly charged sphere (© Electric field of uniformly charged spherical ell (@ Potential of a uniformly charged sphere UEE Main Jan 19} 10. Thin spherical conducting shell of radius R has a charge g. Another charge Qis placed at the centre of the shell. The electrostatic potential at a point P at a distance R/2 from the centre of the shell is 2Q_ 22. -_24_ axe )R FnegR IneyR e244 Ue 4neyR 4xe,R 4ne,R @) [AIEEE 2008] 11. A charge Q is distributed over two concentric conducting thin spherical shells of radii rand R( >). Ifthe surface charge densities on the two shells are equal, the electric potential at the common centre is 1 (R+n) py 1_(R+2Q « me, (R74)? : ) Fre, 2(R?+ 2) 1 (Ren _1_@R+n) Ore, (R mrt © Frag (REP) EE Main Sept. 20) 12. A charge Qis distributed over three concentric spherical shells of radii a, b, c(a(R,~R,) (b) R, #0 and (R, ~R,)>(Ry~R) (©) R, =and R, <(R,~R) @2R> R,)have equal charges. The potential would be one (d)30N. [AIPMT 14] (a) more on bigger sphere f potential (in volts) in a region is expressed as (&) more on smaller sphere V(x,y,2)=6xy-y+2yz, the electric field (in N/C) at (©) equal on both the spheres point (1, 1, 0) is (@) dependent on the material property of the aeiesfety @-elesf+st sphere iNeerjuy2 — AOEFOT ED OG 457 38) 5 -. B: (6 p+2k (d) ~(21 +. k Based on relation between Electric Field ond ()18#*5/ +24) (2143) +8) Electric Potential and on Equipotential Surfaces UAT Be 18! 7. In a certain region of space with volume 0.2 m>, Va The diagrams below show regions of the electric potential is found tobe 3 V throughout. The °diPotentials. magnitude of electric field in this region is 2V wv Vv 4OV IOV dV on (@) 05 NIC (1 NIC aa (O5NIC (@ zero INEET 25) 8. A, Band Care three points in a uniform electric | an a A field. ares wv B z 0% 4___- wv wv WV xv mv ay a @ ) © @ ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITAI Based on Energy Stored in Capacitors and Loss of Energy on Redistribution of Charges 31. A capacitor of capacitance C, is charged upto potential V and then connected in parallel to an uncharged capacitor of capacitance C,. The final potential difference across each capacitor will be GV CV @ ) GtG ore lofts cfr \v J tease 2002) 32. The dimension of JeyE*, where cy is 20 permittivity of free space and E is electric field, is (@ MET? (6) MET? (OMT (d) MLT! ICBSE Pre 2010) 33. In a parallel plate capacitor, the distance between the plates is d and potential difference across plates is V. Energy stored per unit volume between the plates of capacitor is {CBSE 2001] 34. A parallel plate capacitor has a uniform electric field E in the space between the plates. If the distance between the plates is d and area of each plate is A, the energy stored in the capacitor is ©) pege (b) E2Ad/ (0 pgE*Ad (a) ¢EAd (NEET 21] 35. A capacitor of capacitance C =900 pFis charged fully by 100 V battery Bas shown in Fig. (p). Then it is disconnected from the battery and connected to another uncharged capacitor of capacitance C =900 pF as shown in Fig. (q). The electrostatic energy stored by the system (q) is (@) 45x10} 3 Af: (6) 3.25 x 10°} 7] qe c c (0) 2.25=10°°J @isx10*y L_1y i [NEET July 22) ‘B # @ re i (Competition Section) 6. Two condensers, one of capacity Cand the other of capacitor C/2 are connected to a V volt battery, as =o + shown. The work done in charging fully both the condensers is on a loy2 =cV’ (b) = CV) @ 7a @5c 0 Sey? (d2cv? {CBse. 2007) ee combination of 1, capacitors, each of value C,, is charged by a source of potential difference 4.V. When another parallel combination of n, capacitors, each of value C,, is charged by a source of potential difference V, it has the same (total) energy stored in it, as the first combination has. The value of C,, in terms of C,, is then 2G ny —— (b) 16 C, (@) tim (b) mt 22>, @ a nm My [CBSE Pre 2010] 38. A capacitor is charged by a battery. The battery is removed and another identical uncharged capacitor is connected in parallel. The total electrostatic energy of resulting system (a) increases by a factor of 4 (b) decreases by a factor of 2 (c) remains the same (@) increases by a factor of 2 [NET 17] ‘A capacitor of 2 is charged as shown in the fagram. When the switch Sis turned to position 2, the percentage of its stored energy dissipated is Sur T (b) 20% (a),80% INET 16} lo Based on Capacitors filled with Dielectrics 40. Polar molecules are the molecules (a) having zero dipole moment (8) acquire a dipole moment only in the presence of electric field due to displacement of charges (©) acquire a dipole moment only when magnetic field is absent (@ having a permanent electric dipole moment INEET 21] 41. A parallel plate capacitor with oil between the plates (dielectric constant of oil, x=2) has a capacitance C. If the oil is removed, then capacitance of the capacitor becomes: c Cc @2C @M2C OF aS " © x2 @ 2 [CBSE 1999) 42. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium is 6 uF. With the introduction of a dielectric medium, the capacitance becomes 30 F. The permittivity of the medium is (6 =8.55x10 CNM) @177~10°? CNM? (©) 04410 CNA? (0) 5.00 CN im (@)0.44 x10 8CN Tm? INEET 20] Two thin dielectric slabs of dielectric constants {and x,(, cv 1) (©) The charge on the capacitor is not conserved (@) The potential difference between the plates decreases x times. [AIPM 45. A parallel plate capacitor having cross-sectional area A and separation d has air in between the plates. Now an insulating slab of same ra area but thickness d/2 is inserted between the plates as shown in the figure having dielectric constant x(= 4). The ratio of new capacitance to its original capacitance will be (aya: (2:1 () 8: (6:5 CA parallel plate capacitor of area A, plate ration d and capacitance C is filled with four dielectric materials having dielectric constants x, *, x, and x, as shown in the figure below. If a single ees 77 1T Yili i ! dielectric material is to be used to have the same capacitance C in this capacitor, then its dielectric constant x is given by 3 bans [NEE AB * A (=n, +, +g +3 Ky 2 (x =2 (x, +, +K3)+2K, Bhi tha tes)t 2K (NET 161)

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