Bag valve
mask -
Ayeman
Aftab
Bag valve mask
NON REBREATHING
FACE MASK
ASH
NRFM
● FIO2 : 95-100 BREATHS PER
MIN
● FLOW RATE : 10-15 LITERS
PER MIN
● Flow rate must be high
enough to ensure that the
reservoir bag remains inflated
during inspiration
● 3 one-way valves
● 2 expiratory valves
- Prevents air from getting trapped
● 1 inspiratory valve
- Prevents the exhaled air from flowing into the
reservoir bag
● Indicated in spontaneous breathing individuals
with severe hypoxia
● Highest FiO2
ADVANTAGES
● Needs a tight seal
● Uncomforatble
● Unable to eat or drink
● Ear irritation
DISADVANTAGES ● Not suitable for long term use
● Chronic carbon dioxide retainers
● In patients experiencing psychological effects to
mask therapy
CONTRAINDICATI
ONS
THANK YOU
Nasopharyngeal
airway
-Shayaan
A nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is a thin, clear, flexible tube that is inserted into a patient’s
nostril. The purpose of the NPA is to bypass upper airway obstruction at the level of the
nose, nasopharynx or base of the tongue. It also prevents the tongue falling backward on the
pharyngeal wall to prevent obstruction. NPA’s maintain airway patency in patients who are
conscious or semi-conscious, they can be used in neonates to adults.
Indications for insertion of NPA.
MEDICAL PATIENTS:
A patient’s bed card team should determine whether a NPA is required and order accordingly, ensuring the appropriate
size and length are included.
Common indications for patient’s in a ward setting:
● Respiratory distress from upper airway obstructions.
● Airway obstruction/obstructive episodes noted by medical, nursing, or allied health staff
● Airway complications with episodes of mild stertor, causing a decrease in Sp02
● Significant respiratory distress, further evidenced by hypercapnia on blood gas results
Contraindications for insertion:
(ward setting only, does not include NPA’s inserted in surgical patients in OT/Recovery)
● Bleeding disorders
● Nasal or cranial trauma (ie. recent palatal surgery – risk of damage to surgical site(s)
● Newborn septal deviation
● Nasal polyps
● Craniofacial abnormality
Cervical Collar
Selinaah (BMS19096320)
Function & Types
Function: Immobilize potentially unstable cervical spine to prevent any secondary
injuries.
Types:
- Soft collar which restricts motion but does not immobilize the neck. Used for
temporary relief of pain.
- Rigid collar which restricts motion and completely immobilizes the neck.
Commonly used in trauma management.
Rigid cervical collar
Soft cervical collar
Indications & Contraindications
Indications: Absolute Contraindications:
- Penetrating injury
- Trauma (Whiplash injury) - Cervical dislocation
- Surgery of the cervical spine
- Cervical spondylosis Relative Contraindications:
- Vomiting
- Unsecured airway
Complications
- Pain
- Breathing restriction
- Tissue ischemia
- Risk of aspiration
- Chin & shoulder pressure ulcer
AED (Automatic
external defibrillator)
AED is a portable type of external defibrillator that automatically diagnose the ventricular
fibrillation in a patient.
• Automatic refers to the ability to autonomously analyze the patient's condition.
• AED is provided with self-adhesive electrodes instead of hand held paddles.
Principle
Integration of AED use with basic life support measure . When arriving at the scene of a
suspected cardiac arrest , rescuers must rapidly integrate cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR) with the use of the available AED. Interrupt
CPR only when it is necessary to analyze the rhythm and deliver a shock.
Function:
Automatically Checks victims heart rhythm to detect fibrillation.
• Advises whether victim needs a Shock.
• The Shock (defibrillation) is an attempt to return heart to a more normal rhythm.
How to use the AED:
Turn on the AED
• Expose Chest
• To Attach Pads
• Plug in Connecter
• Stay Clear
• Analyze the Rhythm
• Deliver Shock
• After Shock
• Perform CPR
Advantages
● Recommended by current resuscitation guidelines.
● Widely used.
● Allows health care professionals to override the device and deliver a shock
manually, independently of prompts.
● Safer, no risk of inappropriate shocks to the rescuer.
● Easier to use and more appropriate for lay-rescuers.
● Better compliance with resuscitation protocols.
Disadvantages
● More complex to use for the untrained responders.
● More difficult to synchronize with CPR maneuvers for lay rescuers.
● Longer times until shock delivery.
● Risk of electrocution for the rescuer if inappropriately used.
● No possibility to override the device.
● Not recommended by current guidelines except for special situations.
Conclusion
● The main purpose of our study was to determine the use of AED not only improves the
survival rate but also improves the quality of life of the survivors after discharge.
● We concluded that the use of the AED programs in the community is effective.
● Our study demonstrates that people not related to the medical field can equally
contribute to the improvement of survival rate using AED in our societies.
Central lumen
catheter
Puvetra Parantaman
Endotracheal
Tube
Kumuthamalar Parmeswaran
Bms19096692
Indications
Anaesthetic Non Anaesthetic
1. Airway protection from soiling by blood, gastric
contents
1. Airway protection
● ENT and dental surgeries a. Unconscious patients usually GCS < 8
● Emergency surgery b. Impaired laryngeal reflexes
2. Restricted access to anaesthetised patient 2. Cerebral protection - Head injury
● Prone position
● Head and neck surgery 3. Upper airway obstruction
a. Severe facial maxillary injuries
4. Surgeries requiring muscle relaxation b. Epiglottitis
● Intrathoracic and intrabdominal surgery 4. Respiratory failure: hypoxic and hypercapnic
4. Morbid obesity
5. Cardiopulmonary arrest
5. Failure of insertion of supraglottic airway
Technique
Confirm Tube Position
● Colour
● Visible chest rise
● Vapour in ETT
● 5 points auscultation
● Capnography / CO2 detector devices
Contraindications
● Suspected inflammation of Epiglottitis
● Midface instability
● Mallampati classification of class III/IV
Complications
1. Inadequate ventilation.
2. Esophageal intubation.
3. Airway obstruction (secretions).
4. Bronchospasm (light anesthesia).
5. Aspiration.
6. Trauma.
7. Stress response (especially in patients with chronic diseases). Be sure fully anesthetized
+ fully hypnotised Muscle relaxant