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Linear Transformations and Matrix Similarity

This document contains a chapter test on linear transformations and matrix representations with 10 multiple choice questions. The questions cover determining if operators are linear, finding matrix representations of operators with respect to different bases, properties of similar matrices including having the same determinant, and calculating transition matrices between bases.

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shuvroo khan
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25 views1 page

Linear Transformations and Matrix Similarity

This document contains a chapter test on linear transformations and matrix representations with 10 multiple choice questions. The questions cover determining if operators are linear, finding matrix representations of operators with respect to different bases, properties of similar matrices including having the same determinant, and calculating transition matrices between bases.

Uploaded by

shuvroo khan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

29th December 2014 M04_LEON2218_09_SE_C04 page 216

216 Chapter 4 Linear Transformations

7. Let E = {x1 , x2 , . . . , xn } be an ordered basis for Rn . n × n matrix B will also be a matrix representation
If L1 : Rn → Rn and L2 : Rn → Rn have the of L if and only if B is similar to A.
same matrix representation with respect to E, then 9. Let A, B, and C be n × n matrices. If A is similar to
L1 = L 2 . B and B is similar to C, then A is similar to C.
10. Any two matrices with the same trace are sim-
8. Let L : Rn → Rn be a linear transformation. If A ilar. [This statement is the converse of part (b) of
is the standard matrix representation of L, then an Exercise 15 in Section 4.3.]

CHAPTER TEST B
1. Determine whether the following are linear operat- 7. Let L be the translation operator on R2 defined by
ors on R2 : ⎧ ⎫
(a) L is the operator defined by L (x) = x + a, where a = ⎪ ⎩2⎪ ⎭
5
L (x) = (x1 + x2 , x1 )T . Find the matrix representation of L with respect to
(b) L is the operator defined by L (x) = (x1 x2 , x1 )T . the homogeneous coordinate system.
2. Let L be a linear operator on R2 and let 8. Let
⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
⎪
⎩ 1⎪⎭ ⎪
⎩ −3 ⎪ ⎭ ⎪
⎩ −9 ⎪ ⎭
v1 = , v2 = , v3 = u1 = ⎪⎩2⎪ ⎭ , u2 = ⎪ ⎩7⎪ ⎭
3 5 1 1 4
If
⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫ and let L be the linear operator that rotates vectors
⎩2⎪
L (v1 ) = ⎪ ⎭ and ⎩3⎪
L (v2 ) = ⎪ ⎭ in R2 by 135◦ in the counterclockwise direction.
4 5
Find the matrix representation of L with respect to
find the value of L (v3 ).
the ordered basis {u1 , u2 }.
3. Let L be the linear operator on R3 defined by 9. Let
⎧ ⎫
⎪
⎪ x2 − x1 ⎪
⎪ ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
⎪ x − x2 ⎪
L (x) = ⎪ ⎪
⎩ 3
⎪
⎪
⎭ u1 = ⎪ ⎩2⎪ ⎭ , u2 = ⎪⎩7⎪ ⎭
x3 − x1 1 4
and let S = Span((1, 0, 1)T ). and
(a) Find the kernel of L. ⎧ ⎫ ⎧ ⎫
(b) Determine L (S). v1 = ⎪
⎩7⎪ ⎭ , v2 = ⎪
⎩4⎪ ⎭
5 3
4. Let L be the linear operator on R3 defined by
⎧ ⎫
⎪ x2 ⎪ and let L be a linear operator on R2 whose mat-
⎪
⎪ ⎪
L (x) = ⎪
⎪ x1 ⎪⎪
⎪ rix representation with respect to the ordered basis
⎩ ⎭
x1 + x2 {u1 , u2 } is
Determine the range of L. ⎧ ⎫
5. Let L : R2 → R3 be defined by A=⎪ ⎩1 2⎪ ⎭
2 5
⎧ ⎫
⎪
⎪ x1 + x2 ⎪
⎪
⎪
L (x) = ⎪ x − x2 ⎪⎪ (a) Determine the transition matrix from the basis
⎪
⎩ 1 ⎪
⎭
3x1 + 2x2 {v1 , v2 } to the basis {u1 , u2 }.
(b) Find the matrix representation of L with re-
Find a matrix A such that L (x) = Ax for each x in
spect to {v1 , v2 }.
R2 .
10. Let A and B be similar matrices.
6. Let L be the linear operator on R2 that reflects a
vector about the x-axis and then rotates the result- (a) Show that det(A) = det(B).
ing vector by 60◦ in the counterclockwise direction. (b) Show that if λ is any scalar, then det(A − λI) =
Find the standard matrix representation of L. det(B − λI).

Common questions

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To find the matrix representation of an operator L with respect to basis {u1, u2}, apply L to u1 and u2, express the results as linear combinations of u1 and u2, and place the coefficients as columns of the matrix .

If matrices A and B are similar, there exists an invertible matrix P such that A = PBP⁻¹. The determinant of a matrix product is the product of the determinants, so det(A) = det(P)det(B)det(P⁻¹). Since det(P⁻¹) = 1/det(P), the determinants of A and B are equal .

Two n x n matrices represent the same linear transformation if and only if they are similar .

A transition matrix changes coordinates from one basis to another. To find the matrix representation with respect to a new basis, apply the transition matrix to convert between basis representations .

To find the kernel of a linear operator L on R3 defined by L(x) = (x2 - x1, x3 - x2, x3 - x1)T, set L(x) equal to the zero vector and solve the system of equations: x2 - x1 = 0, x3 - x2 = 0, x3 - x1 = 0 .

No, the statement that any two matrices with the same trace are similar is incorrect; it is the converse of part (b) of Exercise 15 in Section 4.3 .

Yes, similarity among matrices is transitive. If matrix A is similar to matrix B, and matrix B is similar to matrix C, then matrix A is similar to matrix C .

The standard matrix representation of the linear operator requires first applying reflection about the x-axis, represented by the matrix [[1, 0], [0, -1]], and then applying the rotation matrix for 60° counterclockwise: [[cos(60°), -sin(60°)], [sin(60°), cos(60°)]]. Matrix multiplication of these yields the final representation .

Yes, if two linear transformations L1 and L2 have the same matrix representation with respect to an ordered basis E = {x1, x2, ..., xn} for Rn, then L1 = L2 .

To determine if an operator is a linear transformation on R2, check if it satisfies linearity: (1) L(x + y) = L(x) + L(y), and (2) L(kx) = kL(x) for any vectors x, y in R2 and scalar k. For example, L(x) = (x1 + x2, x1)T is a linear transformation, while L(x) = (x1x2, x1)T is not .

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