PROVERB, SONG AND RIDDLES

A. PROVERB
Proverb in Indonesian language is Pepatah or Peribahasa. Now, Let me explain it briefly.
What is proverbs?
Proverb is a simple phrase that gives advice about life. Sometimes, when we talk to someone
else in conversation we often use it without realizing it. Usually, the proverb contains a wisdom
word that has been handed down generation to generation.
What is the function?
The function of proverb is to teach and advice us how to act in our life. Why? Because it reflects
our cultural values. It can be found in all languages.
Is proverb use grammatical and rhetorical?
They give the readers a deep impression as well as a good enjoyment of art. On the other
words, grammatical and rhetorical as the device that help memorable and vivid meaning
beautiful rhyme in them such as :simile, personification, metaphor, hyperbole, rhyme, parallel
structure, etc.
What is the Example?
The example of Proverbs are :
1. A friend in need is a friend indeed
Meaning : Someone who helps you when you are in trouble is a real life

2. Don’t judge a book by its cover

Meaning : Don’t judge by appearances

3. Like father, like son

Meaning : A son ‘s character can be expected to resemble his father’s

4. Kill not the goose that lays the golden egg

Meaning : Do not destroy the source of your good fortune

5. Many hands make light work

Meaning : Sharing works makes the task easier.

6. The grass is always greener

Meaning : It sis not good to be jealous to want what other people have
B. SONG
What is song? Song is a pice of music with words. There are many genres of song such as
pop, rock, jazz, dangdut, rap and so on. To make a good song, the composer needs not only
good melody, but also beautiful and meaningful lyrics.
Song has power it because of lyrics. When the listeners listen a song they can laugh during
a happy song or cry over a sad song if the lyrics touch their heart. To make a good lyrics,
the most important role are:

1. Diction
Diction is the words choices used by writers or speakers. This kind of word selection is
important, in order to create and develop certain moods or atmospheres of these
songs. A speaker or writer needs to be careful in choosing words, it may result in
misinterpretation for the listeners or readers. These are several things that need to be
given special attention about song diction:
- The word have to be precise and accurate
- The words should be suitable to the context
- The words have to be easily understood by listeners or readers.

2. Figurative language
a. Simile
It uses one object or idea with another to suggest that they are alike. Example:
Busy as a bee.

b. Metaphor
It states a fact or draws a verbal picture by the use of comparison. A simile w ould
say you are like something; a metaphor is more positive-it says you are something.
Example: You are what you eat

c. Personification
A figure of speech in which human characteristics are given to an animal or an
object. Example: The wind tells me a story.

d. Alliteration
The repetition of the same initial letter, sound or group of sounds in a series of
words. Alliteration includes tongue twisters. Example: She sells seashells by the
seashore.
e. Onomatopoeia
 The use of a word to describe or imitate a natural sound or the sound made by an
object or an action. Example: snap crackle pop

f. Hyperbole
An exaggeration that is so dramatic that no one would believe the statement is
true. Tall tales are hyperbole. Example: He was so hungry, he ate that whale
confield for lunch, stalks and all.

g. Idiom
Peculiar to itself either grammatically or in having a meaning that cannot be derived
from the conjoined meaning of its elements. Example: Monday week for “the
Monday a week after next Monday”.
Types of songs

Songs can be classified:

a. Classical songs
Classical songs are those in which traditional music has a main role. These songs
were first composed by artists like Johann Sebastian Bach. Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart, Ludwig Van Beethoven etc. These songs have had a substantial impact on
the music we hear today. Every country has a culture, which is clearly apparent in
its classical and folk songs.
Example: Symphony No.9 Ode To Joy (Ludwig Van Beethoven), The Four Season
(Antonio Vivaldi)

b. Pop songs
Pop songs are those which have contemporary lyrics and an upbeat rhtym, basically
for the youth culture. The composition of pop songs concentrates more on music
technology and recording, instead of live performances. Rhythm and effects are two
important elements in poop songs.
Example: Bye bye bye (N Syinc), My Love (Westlife)

c. Dance songs
Dance songs are those which are fast and have a thumping rhythmic pattern. Lyrics
are not given much importance in these songs. Nowadays, dance songs accompany
synth, drum machines, and electronic music. These are played in dance parties.
Example : What is love ( Haddaway), Heaven (DJ Sammy).

d. Love songs
 Love songs are slow songs and the lyrics concentrate on the feelings of love and
relationship. These songs are largely played in marriages. There are even sad love
songs that the lyrics relate to breakups. These songs are mostly composed by pop
and rock artists.
Example : My Heart Will Go On (Celine Dion), Right Here Waiting ( Richard Marx)

e. Rock songs
Rock songs are most popular among teenagers and youngsters. They consists of
clear pieces of lead guitars, base guitar, drums, and keyboards as some of the main
instruments. When the instruments are played in sync, they sound energetic along
with the vocals.
Example : Sweet Child O ’Mine (Guns N’Roses), The Final Countdown (Europe)

f. Metal songs
Metal songs are a bit more hard -sounding than rock songs. These songs have high
pitches and screaming vocals, heavy guitar leads, and solid drum work. In a majority
of metal songs power chords and rifts are used. They may consist of random lyrics
as the primary focus is on the music. Few of the metal music legends are Metallica,
Scorpions .
Example: Fear of the Dark ( Iron Maiden), Rock you like a hurricane ( Scorpions)

g. Country songs
Country songs are suitable for easy listening. They mainly consist of clean lyrics with
music pieces using classical guitars and other traditional instruments. Occasionally,
solos of instruments like banjo, mandolin, fiddle, and harmonica can also be heard
in these songs.
Example: Mean (Taylor Swift), Without You ( Keith Urban)

h. Hip hop songs

In hip-hop or rap songs, the singers recites lyrics in an off-beat manner but with the
continuity of the rhythm. These songs primarily include solid rhythmic beats and
synth, a focus on the way lyrics are sung. Hip-hop songs have become popular all
over the world
Example : Lose yourself (Eminem), Low ( Flo Rida)
.
i. Ballads
Ballads are songs which include a narration of a story in a musical way. Ballads,
have an emotional touch to them, owing to the lyrical content. This’s way they are a
great hit during live shows. Power ballads are those which combine heavy music
with emotional lyrics.
Example: Please Forgive me (Bryan Adams), Tears in heaven (Eric Clapton)
Song Structure
a. Intro
Intro is the beginning of the song. It usually consists of instrumental. The function is to
build up the feeling or suspense for the listeners.

b. Verse
The verse is the part of the song that tells an opening story. It leads listeners to the main
message of the song and it moves the story forwards. A song may have a number of
verses, depending on the form, consisting of several lines each known as stanza.

c. Chorus
Chorus is like the most anticipated part of the song. It’s commonly called as the climax of
the song. Chorus is probably the part that sticks the listeners’ mind because it sounds
different from the verse and also repeated so many times. The main theme is expressed
in the chorus; the title of the song is usually included in the chorus too. Chorus is the main
highlight of a song.

d. Bridge
Bridge is used to connect one part to another. Bridge is usually shorter than verse. Bridge
should offer a reason why the final chorus.

C. RIDDLES
A riddle is a type of poem that describes something without actually naming what it is,
leaving the reader to guess. A riddle is a light hearted type of poetry which involves the
reader. Riddles can be about anything, from riddles about animals to riddles about objects.
There are no rules on how to structure a riddle. A riddle can be funny or it can rhyme, it
depends on the person writing the riddle.
Example:
1. People write me to tell about their feelings. I have words that rhyme. What am I?
Answer:
I am poetry

2. I come in different styles. I can help you walk for miles. I come in a pair. I’m something
you wear, with heels I am glam. Can you guess what I am?
Answer:
Shoes
There are two types of Riddles:
1. Enigma
A kind of riddle expressing the problems in an allegorical or metaphorical language,
requiring careful thinking and ingenuity for solving them

2. Conundra
Which are questions relying for their effects on punning in either the question or the
answer.

Function of Riddles
Riddles deceive the audience with its meaning. As far as its purpose is concerned, it
explores questions with enough thoroughness in order to provide readers a clear view of
major issues.