Class 7th Subject Science Chp#1 Heating And Cooling

Chose the corect options A B C D

1 Why does a spark from a fire work not hurt very much if it lands on your hand?
A) the spark has a huge amount of heat energy. C) the spark has a lot of heat energy
B) The spark has little energy. D) The sprk has no heat energy.
2 Heat energy is measured in…. A) Degrees B) Jouls C) Newtons D) Pascals
3 Which of these does kinetic theory Not explain,
A) condensing of steam B) heat coming from the sun C) meltin of ice D) evaporation of water
4 what happens when one end of a metal bar is heated?
A) molecules at the heated end more as fast as at the other end B) molecules at the heated end move faster then at other end
C) molecules at the heated end move more slowly then of the other end D) molecules at the heated end moves tward the other end
5 what is the name of the continuous circultaing steam of water set up inside a kettle
A) Charging current B) Conduction current C) Convection current D) Combustion current
Blanks
1 Solids liquids and gases are made up of tiny particles.
2 When solid cools, heat energy is removed.
3 Everthing is made up of atoms.
4 The motions of particles that creates form of energy called heat.
5 Water is turning to steam in the kettle because heat is making its particles move faster.
6 The kinetic word comes from the greek word kinesis which means motion.
7 The movement of heat through called conduction.
8 Copper is the best conductor of heat.
9 The vaccume flask was designed and invented by Sir Jomes Dewar in 1892.
10 Salol is asweet smelling chemical used in the making of soap.
True False
1 You can still burn your tongue on a cup of tea eve though it may not be every hot. T
2 Heat is measured with a thermometer. F
3 when water changes state from ice to a liquid, the total mass of the water never changes. T
4 A short metal spoon is better for stirring hot soup then a long metal spoon. F
5 Heat can only be carried by convection in liquids and gases. F
Short Questions
1 Explain why a spark from a firework with not hurt you as much as a cup of hot tea?
Ans. A spark from firework may be very hot but it will not hurt very much because it is does not contain much heat energy.
2 What is heat? What are units of heat energy called?
It is the transfer of energy from a higher temprature object to a lower temprature object. It is measured in Joules(J) or
Ans.
kilojoules (KJ).
3 What is temprature? How is temprature measured?
Ans. Temprature is a measure of how hot or cold something is. It is measure in degrees celcius (oC). Temprature is measuredwith a thermometer.
4 Describe how the movement of its particles change as the temprature of a substance changes?
Ans. Temprature effects the movement of particles. The higher, The temprature, The faster the particles of the substance move.
5 What is absolute zero?
Ans. Absolute zero is the temprature is the temprature at which a material has no heat energy. This temprature is -273oC.
6 What is the kelvin scale?

Ans. It is the convinient to use a temprature scale of absolute zero. This temprature scale is called the kelvin scale.

7 What happens to the movement of particles in a liquid when it is heated?

Ans. When a liquid is heated the particles move faster.
8 What name is given to the change of state from?
a) Aliquid to a gass? Ans. Evaporation
b) A solid to a liquid? Ans. Melting
C) A gas to a liquid? Ans. Condensing
D) A liquid to a solid? Ans. Freezing
9 Where does the heat energy come from to melt ice cube which is left on a kitchen work surface?
Ans. The heat energy come from the atmosphere.
10 Which materials make the best conductors of heat?
Ans. 1) metal 2) Tron 3) Aluminium
11 What is insulator ? Name three insulators?
Ans. Poor conductor of heat are called insulators e.g Fur, Wool, Air
12 Explain how heat is conductor along a metal bar?
Ans. Bit by bit the increased vibration of particles is passed along the bar unit the whole bar is hot. Heat is conducted along the bar.
13 Sugest Why?
a) the base of the saucepan is made of metal. Ans. Because metal is a good conductor.
b) The handle of a saucepan ismade of plastic? Ans. Because plastic is an insulator.
c) Polar bears have a thick coat of fur. Ans. Because this insulaes them from the cold.
d) Birds fluff out their feathers in winter. Ans. To save themselves from winter.
14 Why can liquids and gasses carry heat?
Ans. Because their particles are free to move to around.
15 Explain how a heater warms all the air in a room?
Ans. warm air less dende their cold ai, so the warm air above the heater replaced by dense cold air.
16 Why do you think it takes a long time to a heat a room with a high cellings?
Ans. Because in convection warm air rises up to the roof and cold air sinks down.
17 Why do you think convection cannont happen is solids?
Ans. Because the particles are held in aframework and cannot have arround.
18 In hot countries, houses are often painted white.
Ans. White and silvery surface are poor absorbers because they reflect most of radiation, and to keep them cool inside.
19 on a hot a summer's day the inside of a white car is cooler than the inside of a black car?
Ans. Whit and silvery surface are poor absorbers because they reflect most of radiation and to keep them cool inside.
20 Aluminium foil helps keeps, food warm?
Ans. Because aluminium is best conductor of heat.
21 central heating radiators work better if they are painted blacks?
Ans. the dark surface absorber of heat more quickly them the shiny one.
22 Suggest why the vaccum flask is commonly called thermoflask?
Ans. A thermos flask can keep drinks hot or cold. Because it is an insulating storage vessel.
23 Explain why a vaccum flask can keep drinks cold as well as hot?
Ans. The stopper and the space between walls reduce heat loss by convection and conduction
24 what is the function of silver lining in a vaccum flask?
Ans. the silver lining of thewalls reduce heat loss by radiation.
25 Describe what happens to particles in
a) A solid when it melts? Ans. It particles move faster and become part of a liquid.
b) A liquid when it evaporates? Ans. The particles move faster. At the surface the faster break free to form a gass.
0°C
26 What happens to ice at ?
Ans. Ther is very little temprature rise.
0°C
27 What happens to water at ?
Ans. Ther is not temprature rise.
28 Explain why the temprature of boiling water does not change, no matter how much it is heated?
Ans. Heat energy is used to all water molecules to break free completely.
Long Questions
1 Use the given words to fill the gaps.
Ans. Melt State
Condness\ Freezes Gas Liquid
Ice is a solid when it is heated, it melt and becomes water. Water is a liquid which boils at . At100°C
this temprature, it
turns into a gas called [Link] steam cool it condenenses and turns black into water. At water freezes°C and
turns back into ice. These are examples of changes of state.
2 The kelvin scale starts at absolute zero and has degrees which are the same size as degrees on the celsius scale.
i i-Fill in the missing tempratures on these scales
Ans. Celsius Kelvin
473
373
273
173
73
0
ii Write a rule of changing temprature on the celsius scale to temprature on the kelvin scale
Ans. T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15 when T(K)=kelvin temprature, T(°C)=Celsius temprature
iii Use your rule to convert the following celsius tempratures to the kelvin scale. A) 300°C b) 150°C c) -50°C
Ans. (a) 300°C T(K) = T(°C) + 273 T(K) =300°C +273 T(K) = 300°C+273 = 573k
(b) 150°C T(K) = T(°C) + 273 T(K) =150+273 T(K) = 150°C+273 = 423K
(c) -50°C T(K) = T(°C) + 273 T(K) =-50+273 T(K) = -50°C+273 = 223K
iv Use the kinetic theory to explain why it is not sensible to convert tempratures lower than -273°C to the kelvin scale.
Ans. Absolute zero is the temprature at which a material ha no heat energy. This temprature is -273°C
The diagram shows the kinetic theory model euaporating liquid
i Describe what is happening?
Ans. If heart is applied to a liquid the particles more faster.
ii What is needed to make this happen? Ans. Heat energy is required.
iii Suggest where this energy might come from? Ans. From the sun
iv Give an example of where evaporation takes place In the home? Drying cloths in the sun
The diagraram shows a refrigerator? Which process mainly responsible for:
i Cool air dropping from the freezer compartment? Ans. By convection.
ii Heat loss to the outside air from the cooling fins? Ans. By radiation.
iii Heat from the kitchen entering refrigerator through its outer panels? Ans. By conduction
iv Heat from the kitchen entering refrigerator each time the door is opened? Ans. By convection.
Class 7th Subject Science Chp#2 Plant and their System
Blanks
1 Flower is the reproductive organs of a plant.
2 Cell that do the same job group together to make tissue.
3 Stomata are found on the lower side of leaf.
4 the flow of water in the xylem from roots to leaves is called the transpiration.
 5 A large oak tree can transpire over 15000 liters of water per year.
6 The ovary protects the ovules.
7 The stamens of the poppy flower are in a ring around the carpel.
8 Raflesia is the world largest flowers.
9 Tree flower hang in the air so wind can carry pollen away.
10 Sugar is made in the leaves by photosynthesis.
True False
1 An organisms is something that is able to survive on its own. T
2 Xylem tissue carries water and minerals from the leaves to the roots of a plant. F
3 Phloem is dead tissue, xylem, is living tissue. F
4 Sugar solution can go up and down Phloem at the same time. T
5 A growing plant root tips is protected by a root cap. T
MCQ's A B C D
1 What part of a plant absorbs water .. a flowe Leaf root stem
2 What does the stem of a plant do?
A) absorbs minerals B) carries food up to the leaves C)makes seed D) support the plant above the ground
3 Which of the following is not a plant organ? flower pollen root stem
4 What are vascular bundles? Phloem only xylem only xylem & Phloem neither xylem or Phloem
5 The joob of root hairs is to…. A) protects the roots from damage.
B) keeps the roots warm C) increase the area of the roots D) provide the roots with food
Short Questions
1 List two jobs carried by the roots of a plant?
Ans. 1) hold a plant 2) take in water
2 In many plants leaves and flowers are held above the ground by the stem suggest a reason for this?
Ans. the stem is a plant's main support above the ground.
3 What do we cell a group of cells that do the same job?
Ans. Tissue
4 Name flowers kinds of plant tissue?
Ans. 1) Xylem tissue 2) Phloem tissue 3 Protective tissue 4) Photosynthetic
5 What are buds?
Ans. Buds are where growth starts.
6 Where does grouth take place in plants?
Ans. Grouth takes place at the tips of root and shoots.
7 What is an organ?
Ans. Different tissue combine to make an organ.
8 Name three plants organ and say what each one does?
Ans. Root hold a plant in place in the ground. The stem is the plant main sport. Leaves mates its food during photosynthesis.
9 What is transport system?
Ans. corsist of xylemand Phloem xylem tubes carry water and minerals. Phloem carry sugar solution from leaves.
10 What is a vascular bundles?
Ans. Xylem an phloem tubes are buhclled together in vascular bundle.
11 What are xylem and phloem tissue the same?
Ans. Because these are parts of transport system of a plant.
b) Differat
Ans. Xylem tissue are dead while phloem are living.
12 Explain how xylem tubes help support a plant?
Ans. The word xylem comes from the greek word xylem which means wood. That is why xylem helps support a plant.
13 What happens at the root tip?
Ans. Growth takes place at root tip.
14 What is the job of the root cap?
Ans. The growing roots tips is protected by a root cap.
15 What do leaves do?
Ans. Leaves makes food by the process of photosynthesis.
16 Why are leaves able to. i) Absorbs lots of light?
Ans. i) Because leaves are broad and flat.
ii)Get gases in and out? Ans. Leaves have holes called stomata to get gases in and out.
iii) Get gases to the cells easily? Ans. Because leaves are thin.
iv Get water and in and sugar out? Ans. Because leaves have lot of veins to get water in and sugar out.
17 a) What are leaf veins?
Ans. Veins are a network on the leaf. These are made up of xylem and phloem.
B) What are they for?
Ans. A vein is made up of xylem to carry water and phloem to carry sugar ou
18 Explain why narrow leaves stilltheir jobs well?
Ans. Grass leaves are narrow but very thin gases can get to every cell.
19 What makes a leaf waterproof ?
Ans. Cuticle makes waterproof.
20 Explain why the uper skin of a leaf is transparent?
Ans. The uper skin of the leaves is transparent to let light through cell below.
21 Why do the cells in the middle of a leaf have lots of chloroplants?
Ans. Because middle of leaf has greater surface area.
22 Why do growing shorts need sugar?
Ans. Becaues sugar is the main source of energy.
23 Why do the fruits taste sweat?
Ans. Fruits store sugar that is why they taste sweet.
24 Why are there holes in the end of phloem tubes?
Ans. So sugar solution can pass through.
25 Explain why the speed and direction of sugar solution moving in the phloem change.?
Ans. Because its depends on how much sugar is needed by parts of plant and when.
26 Suggest and explain what happens to the movement of sugar in winter when tree has no leaves?
Ans. The movment of sugar slows down durring winter.
27 In spring sugar solution rises quickly up through the phloem in plants stems. Gives reason for this?
Ans. Because short are growing.
28 What is osmosis?
Ans. The movement of water molecules from a rigion of light concentration across membrane called osmosis.
29 Explain why osmosis is a special kind of diffusion?
Ans. Because it is only about the movement of water molecules.
30 What is partially permeable membrane?
Ans. A membrane which has very thin holes in it and aloows some molecules to pass through.
31 Explain why the liquid rises up the tubing in the experiment shows on top of page?
Ans. The liquid rises up in the tubing due to the process of osmosis.
32 What is transpiration?
Ans. The process by which the water molecules are moved from the surface of leaves is called transpiration.
33 What are stomata?
Ans. Stomata are the small opening for the exchange of gases.
34 Describe how guard cells change the shape of stomata?
Ans. When guard cells have plenty of water close the openings, shen have no water become flaccid.
35 List four things that are effect the rate of transpiration?
Ans. 1) Temprature 2) Wind 3) Humidity 4) Time of day
36 Explain why a pot plant will soon start to wilt when it is kept on a sunny window still?
Ans. Because the process of transpiration increase in the present of sulight.
 37 Why do leaves and flowers need support?
Ans. Because these are very delicate organs.
38 Explain how vascular bundles support a plant?
Ans. Xylem tubes in vascular bundles have strong wall which is supporting a plant.
39 Give one place where vascular bundle are: a) Close together b) Speed out
Ans. a) Leaf stalk b) Leaf
40 Explain how a plant cell become flaccid?
Ans. When a plant has plenty of water causing the cell to expand.
41 What is whilting and what cause it ?
Ans. If plant does not get good supply of water causes wilting. Loss of water causes wilting.
42 Why are flowers important to a plant?
Ans. Because these are reproductive organ.
43 What is the name of the female reproductive organ in a flowering plant?
Ans. Carpel
44 What is the name of the male reproductive organ in a flowering plant?
Ans. Stamen
45 How are flowers adopted to attract insects?
Ans. 1) Petals are brightly coloured. 2) Have smell to attract insects.
46 What is nector?
Ans. Nector is a sweet liquid found in flowers.
47 What do sepals do?
Ans. Sepal protects the flower when it is bud
Long Question
1 The diagram show a stem and a root Pg # 29
i Label
A) Vascular Bundles B) Xylem C) Phloem D) Root half E) Root Cap F) Growing Tip
ii Name two things that both roots and stems have.
1) Xylem 2) Phloem
iii Which part carriers water around the plant? Ans. Xylem
iv Which part absorbs water and minerals from the soil? Ans. Root hairs.
v Which part carriers food around the plan? Ans. Phloem
vi Which part protects the growing root from demage? Ans. Root Cap
2 Fill in the gapes using these words.
Chlorophyll gases green
Light Energy Photosynthesis
Stomata Support Vascular
Leaves are where plant makes food during Photosynthesis. Laves are usualy green athough other colours
exist whatever their colour all leaves contain chlorophyll the chemical that absorbs light energy from the sun.
Leaves are thin so gases can get to the cells easily. they have holes called stomata to get gases in from the
surrounding air veins made from Vascular bundles, carry water and sugar to and from the leaf. they are also to
support to the plant.
3 Two identical ptotato are measured. One piece is put into a beaker of water. The other piece into a beaker of
strong sugar solution. Diagram Pg#30
i Describe what has happened to the potato piece in: a) Water b) Sugar
Ans. a) Water enter the potato through the process of osmosis and increase the size of it.
b) Water comes out of potato pieces through the process of osmosis and size of it increase.
ii What makes water move in and out of cells?
Ans. Endosmosis and exosmosis makes water in and out of cells.
iii Explain why the potato piece in water is firm and rigid but the putato piece in the sugar solution is floppy.
Ans. In water the targidity ocell makes the potato firm and rigid.
 A plant that has plenty of water is upright and well supported. A plant there is short of water starts to wilt suggest a
iv reason for this.
Ans. Short supply of water makes the cells flaccid.
4 The table shows the transpiration rate of a plant in different weather conditions. Pg # 30
i Which single weather condition causes the a) Fastest rate of transpiration b) Slowest rate of transpiration
Ans. a) Moving air b) Moist air
ii How much greater is the transpiration rate in warm air them cold air? Ans. 10mm
iii How much smaller is the transpiration rate in moist air then in day air? Ans. 6mm / min
iv What sort of day wil cause the fastest rate of transpiration? Ans. Sunny day with warm dry air.