CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The issue on senior high student preparedness has been tossed to the higher

education. Due to a lack of motivation, even high achievers may find the transition to

senior high difficult. Higher motivation to learn has been linked not only to better

academic performance, but to greater conceptual understanding, satisfaction with

school, self-esteem, social adjustment, and school completion rates. Motivation often

declines as students progress from elementary through high school. Upwards of 40%

of high school students are disengaged from learning, are inattentive, exert little effort

on school work, and report being bored in school, according to a 2004 analysis by the

National Research Council.

In National Institute of Education, Singapore shows a study that Psychological

factors contribute to motivation and learning for international students as much as

teaching strategies. 254 international students and 144 local students enrolled in a

private education institute were surveyed regarding their perception of psychological

needs support, their motivation and learning approach. The results from this study

indicated that international students had a higher level of self-determined motivation

and used a deep and surface learning approach more extensively than local students.

Perceived psychological needs support positively predicted intrinsic motivation,

identified regulation and a deep learning approach for both groups. There were also
differences in the effects of motivation on learning approach between the two groups.

Further possibilities for exploration are discussed in this study.

Motivation increases the initiation and persistence of activities. In in Bestlink College

of the Philippines. This descriptive method study was conducted on 80 HUMSS

Strand students who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected

by a valid and reliable questionnaire, consisting of questions about the role of

motivation on the academic performance of the students. The results of this study

showed that being motivated helps the students to drive creativity and curiosity,

sparking the desire needed for students to want to learn and participate. The findings

indicated that motivation has a considerable impact on the student’s performance. It

has a huge role in helping a student to persist a good work. Motivation uplifts

student’s enthusiasm, increases the students’ effort and energy, and helps the students

become determined in accomplishing their goals.

Davao City, Nacito (2006) and Azarcon, [Link]. (2004) found that Grade Six

students enrolled in Piedad District of Toril S.Y. 2005-2006 as well as the Freshmen

students of Erico T. Nograles National High School both need to improve their study

habits due to their low academic performance. In addition, college students of the

University of Mindanao, where the researcher is currently studying, observed that most

of the students lack study habits.

This purposed of this study was to discover the motivations of students who decided

taking business program. The researchers are interested in investigating why students

select the business program as their pre course before entering collage.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to determined what really motivates student in choosing

particular program in senior high school. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following

question:

1. How does business program helps ABM students?

2. What influences the student to choose a business program?

3. What are the benefits of taking-up business program?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the objectives of this study:

1. To explore what drives ABM students to get enrolled in business programs.

2. To gain knowledge of the aspects that affect students' choices to enroll in business

program.

3. To determine the typical causes that inspire ABM students to enroll in business-

related courses.

4. To be aware of the significance of a great academic background and senior high

school.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Primarily, the study aimed to encourage students as they select their next course

for the coming days. This study also inspires and motivates students to pursue the

business program as their pre-college courses before entering college.

The following stakeholders and officers shall benefit the study:

Students the importance of this study to students is to help them enhance and become

motivated learners of business programs. Teachers. This study will assist teachers in

their efforts to persuade and inspire students to learn.

Teachers this study will assist teachers in their efforts to persuade and inspire students

to learn. School Administrators. The school administrators will be enlightened by this

study that their students are motivated to learn business program courses.

School Administrators the school administrators will be enlightened by this study

that their students are motivated to learn business program courses.

Future Researchers the findings of this study will be beneficial to future researchers.

The outcome of this study is to inspire and motivate future researchers so that they

will not let problems prevent them from conducting future research.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study focuses on exploring the motivations of ABM students in choosing

the business program at Doña Carmen Denian National High School. This study will
be conducted with five senior high school students at Doña Carmen Denian National

High School, SY 2023–2024.

This study will not cover other problems that are not considered to be among the

motivations of ABM students. Each of the respondents is given the same questions to

answer.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined operationally in the context of this study:

Volitional -refers to the power of choosing or determining: will: an act of making a

choice or decision. also: a choice or decision made.

Stakeholders – refers to individual or group that has an interest in any decision or

activity of an organization.

Human agency - human agency is defined as an individual's capacity to determine

and make meaning from their environment through purposive consciousness and

reflective and creative action.

 CHAPTER 2

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter provides the relevant studies and literature that the researcher

takes into consideration in emphasizing the importance of the current study. In order

to completely comprehend the research and improve understanding of the study, it

also gives the study's synthesis.

Empirical Studies on Entrepreneurial Inclination and Intentions 

 
The results magnified that students who are entrepreneurially inclined have

higher risk taking propensity, internal locus of control, higher need for achievement,

and higher innovativeness. On the other hand, Yasin, Mahmood, and Jaafar (2011)

investigated students’ entrepreneurial inclination in a polytechnic in Malaysia. 

Tolerance of ambiguity and motivation to start a small business.  

The degree to which one might persevere and live with these conditions

depends on how accepting of ambiguity they are as a person. According to Altinay,

Madanoglu, Daniele, and Lashley (2012), entrepreneurs frequently make decisions

based on incomplete information and devote a significant amount of time and energy

to ventures with unclear outcomes. 

Cambodian Higher Education System 

There are at least four faculties that offer bachelor's degrees at a university.

greater levels. A facility or independent school, however, focuses primarily on

providing instruction in a specific topic, but not a broad spectrum of multidisciplinary

research or training topics (MoEYS, 2011). 

The role of education in creating entrepreneurs 

Developing entrepreneurial mindsets in the classroom is a problem. The

conventional wisdom holds that According to Sarasvathy (2015), education involves

imparting to students a method of casual or anticipatory thinking. The pupils are given

business training. She goes on to remark that when someone goes into business, the

first thing should first assess the environment, then think about the business, then

define the mission and goals, and then identify the essential Outcome areas,

performance measures, and approaches. 

Cambodian Higher Education System 

 
 There are at least four faculties that offer bachelor's degrees at a university.

greater levels. A facility or independent school, however, focuses primarily on

providing instruction in a specific topic, but not a broad spectrum of multidisciplinary

research or training topics (MoEYS, 2011). 

Quality and accreditation of higher education in Cambodia 

In order to plan their futures, a growing number of young people are leaving

school with aspirations of earning university degrees and well-paying professions

(World Bank, 2012). 

Factors influencing prospective students choice of MBA program

Greg black burn, (2011) in Journal of Higher Education Policy and

Management. The Master of Business Administration selection process has a number

of influencing factors. The diversity in these factors' relative weight among the student

body is examined. This study also examines how students view the management

school relative to the university as a whole and the characteristics of a university that

draw students to it. We spoke with 76 current Master of Business Administration

students in semi-structured interviews. 

Choosing business as a college major 

 

Kerrit K. Kohli, Steven Chen, and Neil Granitz (2014) Journal of the Academy

of Business Education 15 (1): 11–32 The most crucial decision that high school

students must make is the college major they will pursue. The consequences for their

professional careers are considerable. It's interesting that no research has ever been

done on how high school students decide whether to major in business or not. In order

to understand high school students' decision-making processes, we conducted a survey

for this paper. Our research demonstrates that the decision-making process begins in

high school. 

Journal of information technology education  

David Roach, James P. Downey, and Ronnie Mcgaughey (2011). Since the dot,

it has become commonplace for many colleges, if not most, to see declining

enrollment in MIS Departments in Colleges of Business. the dot com bust of 2000. 

Motivation is probably the most important factor 

Both types are combined to create a well-rounded instructional approach in the

clas(Harackwiewicz & San Sonsone, 2000; Harackwiewicz & Hidi, 2000; Lepper &

Henderlong, 2000; Williams, & Williams, 2011). Time and context affect how

effective internal and extrinsic motivation is. This can be used by educators at a

certain time and for a specific activity. According to many studies (Areepattamannil,
Freeman, & Klinger, 2011; Butler, 2012; Gulay; Chanal, Ratelle, Marsh, Larose, &

Boivin, 2010; Pintrich & Shunk, 2002), different students may view the same activity

as intrinsically motivating. 

Growing proportion of the adult population under taking higher education 

In a university course, one-third of the students were unmotivated to learn how

to learn, according to Beardsley et al. (2020). Therefore, it is important to support

pupils in developing the capacity to learn efficiently and to comprehend what they

wish to learn. In order for upper secondary pupils to be prepared for college or

university, Conley and French (2014) contend that student ownership of learning is a

crucial factor. Students' learning experiences should focus on developing their

capacity to take responsibility for their learning because doing so will be essential to

their success throughout their life (Conley and French (2014) and Case (2000). 

Factors affecting students chice for MBA program 

International Journal of Business and Management, AM Abdullah, Muna Saeid

(2011). In this study, an attempt is made to pinpoint students' motivations and factors

for enrolling in MBA programs provided by universities. 

 
Parents job\occupation 

According to Mtemeri (2017), parents' influence was ranked higher than that of

other family members. Forges (2018) also noted that the parents' occupation and level

of education are the most important factors that have an impact on ABM students. It

implies that parents have a significant impact on students' decisions to select ABM as

their strand. Most frequently, parents persuade their kids to enroll in a course that they

believe will benefit them (Hoffeses, 2018). Many parents believe that what they

practiced is beneficial for their own children as well. Some people wish to develop and

launch their own company. They already believe that owning a business will improve

their financial security. their own legacy by putting up their own business, both

Hemandez (2016) and Pedragoza (2016) revealed. On the other hand, Pecilicious

(2018), concluded that choosing ABM track is just choosing to be more future

oriented because this program will not just give you learns but also knowledge to

stand alone, to start a business and to be financially free without investing a large of

money, but just a big risk and faith. In relation to this article, Cruz (2016) revealed that

she sees herself as a businesswoman, manager or a boss in the future. She wants to

have a sari-sari store and it will become grocery store someday. Another reason why

she chooses ABM strand, simply, because it is a marketable career where she can

easily find a job or make her own business. She thinks that ABM is suitable for her

since she wants to manage a company as well as establish effective business-related

policies. We can see in this comments and statements that most students took into
consideration on their future before choosing the strand that they will take. According

to admissions@[Link], they think that it will be easier to apply for a

job if you will take ABM strand in Senior High since now a day's graduates find it

difficult to find a job even if they have finished well know courses. Whilst some of

them al so think that if they won't be able to find a job, they can still find ways to earn

money because they have the option to grow their own business and able to manage it

because they will have the knowledge that they will get if they choose ABM strand in

Senior High. To sum it up, they believed that future is much secured with ABM that

any other strands due to you have already trained proper time management and

develop other skills that is applicable for almost any career path that you choose to

pursue. Mtemeri (2017), further agree that it is a strand for those people who seek to

grow their money by risking going into business with the hopes that it will help them

succeed in life. Overall, they all thought that ABM is a track that related her much to

business. 

Passion 

Digos (2016) contends that passion should be your primary consideration while

selecting a course. Your enthusiasm for both your academic program and your

intended job path, as the key to happiness lies in being able to love whatever it is that

you do in life. You should examine your current experience and skill set while

selecting a course, as well as potential jobs and employment opportunities, as well as

subjects that interest you. You should also consult with your employer, coworkers, or
peers to determine which courses are pertinent and may advance your career.

Hernandez (2016) claimed that whereas working hard for something we don't care

about is referred to as stress, working hard for something we love is referred to as

passion. In connection with this, Soriano (2017) also stated that when she discovered. 

Facilities at the school 

The Scotts College (2017) noted that "multiple studies indicate the quality of a

school's physical resources plays a large hole in determining student choice of career,

even though for most parents, a school's facilities are not usually the highest priority

when choosing a course in school." Likewise, Urbecon (2017) shed some light on the

role of school facilities in influencing student career choice. McGovem (2017)

emphasized that the majority of today's millennials have a mindset that is particularly

focused on fashion or the aesthetics of the school. Furthermore, Ferlazo (2018) said

that the majority of kids today desire to attend schools that are well-known and

visually appealing. They want to attend schools where they feel at home and where

they will enjoy attending class each day. They choose to attend a school that is close to

their home and neighborhood so that traveling there won't be difficult and they can

unwind and not worry about the facilities on campus. 

Education is available 

 
The accessibility of the school was mentioned by Chico (2018) as one of the elements

influencing the students' decision regarding their strand. Mtemeri (2017) consistently

stated that the student's career choice is influenced by a variety of factors, including

the school's location. In a similar vein, Medha (2018) noted that the accessibility of

schools in students' neighborhoods affects their decision on a career. While attending

school is increasingly necessary for people to keep up with the current rapid change,

most rural areas lack access to local schools and other challenging opportunities.

Students have a limited number of schools from which to choose, but limited schools

also mean limited opportunity (Ayers, 2019). Students in rural areas are struggling

financially and can't afford the few strands and courses that are available. 

Parents' prior ideal occupation  

Instead of promoting their own interests, parents should encourage their kids' passions and

interests. Some students' professional decisions were impacted by the dreams of their parents

(Dollaga, 2019). Other parents today have also had the experience of being compelled to

enroll in courses that their parents wanted when they were in school, which is related to the

parental impact on their children. They were unable to pursue their own ambitions as a result,

which is why they frequently pass them on to their own children. They promise their children

a better future and encourage them to follow their own unrealized goals. Still other parents

wish to pass down their dream profession to the younger generation since they have already

achieved it. (Gooding, 2001). Their thinking is that whatever they have attained in their

education, their child should be able to attain also or even better. Though, most parents were

not able to take up a degree in their school years, they want their children to be better and

since ABM is the easiest way to get into, they influence their children to choose ABM strand. 
 

Academic experience 

Dollaga (2019) specified that the academic experience is the most influencing factor

in choosing junior, senior academic track. The academic ability may account for differences in

assessment of the importance of choosing a course. In the same way, Paschal (2016)

enunciated that their experiences in their elective subject can be used as bases in suited

courses students can take in after high school. These findings presented that students subject

interest, high grades, talents, skill and ability can be a factor that influence their decision in

choosing the strand or course to take. Students who excel in a certain subject tend to look for a

course related to their skills. So those who excel in subjects related to ABM, most of the time,

take ABM as their chosen track. 

Peers 

According to Mtemeri (2017), peer pressure is one of the elements that influences

how the students decide on their strand. While Chico (2018) also made the point that students'

aspirations for their future careers or ways of living are influenced by their friends. It is based

on his research into the factors that influence students' strand choices. Similar to this, Villoga

(2019) claimed that a close friend can encourage someone to visit the business program. Many

aspects of peer influence and adolescent decision-making have been described by psychology

experts Jason Chein and Laurence Steinberg. He stated that a person's peers might have a

significant impact on their lives. Every person has seen firsthand how peer pressure affects

every choice we make in life (National Center for Biotechnology Information, US, 2012). It

merely serves as evidence that peers exist and nearly completely alters how we perceive the
outer world. How peers affect our decisions while picking the best track or course in senior

high or college is relevant to this research. According to a proverb by an unidentified author,

"Your friends don't just influence your decisions; they can change your perspective on the

world, alter how you see things, and make you into a different person! (2018)". 

Future earnings 

Financial results, topic ease, and future employment and pay chances, per Afac

(2017), were found to have little bearing. Additionally, Pecilicious (2018) stated that she

choose the ABM orcourse because she wants to be more future-focused. Because the ABM

route will not only provide her with education but also the information she needs to run her

own business and be financially independent. 

Amount of Education Available 

The accessibility of the school is one of the elements, according to Chico (2018), that

influence students' decisions about which strand to pursue. Mtemeri (2017) consistently said

that factors influencing a student's profession decision also include the school's location.

Similar to this, Medha (2018) stated that the accessibility of schools in a student's

neighborhood affects their decision about a vocation. While attending school is becoming

more and more important for people to keep up with the current rapid change, most rural areas

lack access to local schools and other trying opportunities. Students have a limited number of

schools from which to choose, but limited schools also mean limited opportunities (Ayers,

2019). 
 

 
THEORY BASE

This research was based on the Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory the theory states
that humans are motivated to fulfill their needs in hierarchical order. According to this
theory human are motivated by five basic categories of needs. The physiological
needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization.  Maslow’s
theory is based on the premise that human beings are motivated by needs ranked in
order hierarchically. Some of these needs are simply essential to all human beings.
When a basic need is satisfied, we begin to seek higher-order needs.

Ames (1990) stated that motivation to learn is dependent on long-term, quality

attachment in learning and pledge to the process of learning. A student is intrinsically
motivated when he or she is motivated from within: Intrinsically motivated students
keenly engage themselves in learning out of oddity, interest, or enjoyment, or in order
to achieve their own scholarly and personal goals. This is because research shows that
students who use cognitive strategies such as elaboration and organization engage the
contents at a deeper level and are more likely to remember information and retrieve it
later. Conscious of the fact that these concepts (students' motivations and learning
strategies) are teachable, this study was very beneficial because it established Liberian
junior and senior high school student’s motivational beliefs and the learning strategies
they use to learn various subjects. It also identified potential hindrances to students
learning and proffered suggestions for enhanced academic performance in Liberia. It
is foreseen that these research findings would provide better and clearer
comprehension of Liberian students' motivation and use of learning strategies to help
students, administrators, and poli improve teaching and learning through the
development or alignment of poli programs in the interest of nation-building. Pintrich,
Zimmerman, and Motivation in According to this theory, it will be easier to manage if
you are with someone who shares your personality type.

This theory was supported by the study of Hattie, Hadis and Kang (2020), where
it was stated that motivation is the fundamental reason for human agency and
volitional behavior and why individuals choose or persist in a course of action over
others. And also in this theory, it is stated that "the theoretical models covered in this
special issue each have their unique aspects and contributions, but four major
dimensions cut across them: person factors comprising self (expectations, self-
efficacy), social (modeling, comparisons), and cognitive aspects (self-regulation); task
values; goals; and perceived costs and benefits."

Kotera et al. (2021) also believed that Academic motivation is recognized as a key
factor for academic success and wellbeing. Highly motivated students actively engage
with academic activities and maintain good wellbeing. Despite the importance of
motivation in education, its relationship with engagement and wellbeing remains to be
evaluated. Accordingly, this study explored the relationships between motivation,
engagement, self-criticism and self-compassion among UK education postgraduate
students. Of 120 postgraduate students approached, 109 completed three self-report
scales regarding those constructs. Correlation, regression and moderation analyses
were performed. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were positively associated with
engagement, whereas a motivation was negatively associated with it. Engagement
positively predicted intrinsic motivation.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study determining the needs and goal importance of exploring the

motivations of ABM students in choosing a business program or ABM strand cannot

be overstated. Understanding why students choose these programs can help educators

tailor their curriculum and teaching methods to better meet the needs and goals of their

students.

Motivation is a crucial factor in determining the success of any individual or

organization. For aspiring business professionals, motivation plays a significant role in

choosing the right program to pursue. There are several variables that influence the

motivation of ABM students in selecting a business program.

Firstly, perspective, views opinions, play a vital role in motivating ABM

students to choose a specific business program. Students who have clear career goals

tend to select programs that align with their interests and future aspirations.

Secondly, the aspects in the need by their decision, student’s decisions offering

the program motivating factor for ABM students. Students often opt for programs

offered by reputable institutions as they believe it will enhance their employability

prospects.

Thirdly, Challenges, experienced by students also play an essential role in

motivating ABM students to choose a particular business program. The cost of tuition

fees and other expenses associated with pursuing a degree can significantly impact

their decision-making process.

 motivation is an important factor that influences ABM students' choice of business

programs. Career aspirations, institutional reputation, and financial considerations are

some of the key factors that motivate them to make informed decisions about their

academic pursuits.

PERSPECTIVE, VIEWS AND ASPECTS INFLUENCED BY THEIR CHALLENGES EXPERIENCES BY

OPINIONS DECISIONS STUDENTS

MOTIVATIONS OF ABM STUDENTS

IN CHOOSING BUSINESS PRGRAM