Year 7C

Subject: Mathematics
Subject Teachers: Teacher Ong
Lesson for June 15 - June 20
Topic: Algebra III.
Sub-Topic: (A) Expansion Algebraic Expressions.
(B) Solving simple Linear Equations.
(C) Constructing and solving Word Problems.

Lesson Objective:
(1) Understand the term ‘expansion of Algebraic Expression’,
(2) Thus, able to multiply a constant over a bracket (integer coefficients).
(3) Able to construct simple linear equations (integer coefficients and constants, unknown on one side only),
(4) Able to evaluate and solve simple linear equations,
(5) Able to solve word problems that involve constructing and solving simple linear algebraic expressions and
equations.

Instructions:

1. For this topic, please refer to

(a) The textbook SPN21 Mathematics Year 7, from page 159 to 172.
(b) More examples in these links:
(i) What is an algebraic equation? - [Link]
(ii) What is a linear equation - [Link]
(iii) Solving a linear equation using Inverse method - [Link]
(iv) Solving a linear equation using Transposed method -
[Link]
(v) Solving Word Problems - [Link]

2. Answer the following questions from this worksheet (page 5).

3. Deadline to submit the work to school before or on Saturday, 20th June 2020.
(Remember to write your name, class and date in your work)
Option 1: Send the hard copy to school. (Remember to write your name)
Remember to click the turn in (hand in) button in your respective “View assignment tab” after
submission of your works.
Option 2: Online submission.
Step 1: Take a photo of your work (make sure the photo is clear).
Step 2: Paste it or upload in your Class Notebook under the section Homework, + Page, name the
page as Algebra 3. (Photo must be upright and in order)
Step 3: After uploading your work, click Hand in/Turn in Assignment.

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 ALGEBRA III
(A) Expansion of Algebraic Expressions
Expansion is the process of removing the brackets from the expression.
It can be done by multiplying each term inside the brackets with the outside term.
Example,

𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐

Example 1:
Expand the following.
(a) 2(3𝑥 + 4𝑦), (b) 5(2𝑥 − 3𝑦), (c) −3(7𝑥 + 2𝑦), (d) −2(11𝑥 − 8𝑦)

Solution:
(a) 2(3𝑥 + 4𝑦) (b) 5(2𝑥 − 3𝑦) (c) −3(7𝑥 + 2𝑦) (d) −2(11𝑥 − 8𝑦)
= 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 10𝑥 − 15𝑦 = −21𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −22𝑥 + 16𝑦

Example 2:
Expand the following.
(a) 3𝑎(−𝑎 + 3𝑏), (b) −9𝑝(2𝑞 − 𝑟) (c) 5𝑚(𝑚 + 3𝑛), (d) −2𝑠(𝑡 + 5)

Solution:
(a) 3𝑎(−𝑎 + 3𝑏) (b) −9𝑝(2𝑞 − 𝑟) (c) 5𝑚(𝑚 + 3𝑛) (d) −2𝑠(𝑡 + 5)
= −3𝑎2 + 9𝑎𝑏 = −18𝑝𝑞 + 9𝑝𝑟 = 5𝑚 2 + 15𝑚𝑛 = −2𝑠𝑡 − 10𝑠

Example 3:
Expand and simplify the following expressions.
(a) 2(2𝑥 − 3𝑦) − 2𝑦 (b) 3(𝑎 − 𝑏) + 4(2𝑎 + 5𝑏)

Solution:
(a) 2(2𝑥 − 3𝑦) − 2𝑦 (b) 3(𝑎 − 𝑏) + 4(2𝑎 + 5𝑏)
= 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 2𝑦 = 3𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 8𝑎 + 20𝑏
= 4𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 3𝑎 + 8𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 20𝑏
= 11𝑎 + 17𝑏

Example 4:
Expand and simplify the following algebraic expressions.
(a) 𝑝(𝑞 + 4) − 𝑞(7 + 𝑝) (b) 3𝑚(𝑚 − 4𝑛) − 4𝑛(2𝑚 − 5)

Solution:
(a) 𝑝(𝑞 + 4) − 𝑞(7 + 𝑝) (b) 3𝑚(𝑚 − 4𝑛) − 4𝑛(2𝑚 − 5)
= 𝑝𝑞 + 4𝑝 − 7𝑞 − 𝑝𝑞 = 3𝑚 2 − 12𝑚𝑛 − 8𝑚𝑛 + 20𝑛
= 𝑝𝑞 − 𝑝𝑞 + 4𝑝 − 7𝑞 = 3𝑚 2 − 12𝑚𝑛 − 8𝑚𝑛 + 20𝑛
= 4𝑝 − 7𝑞 = 3𝑚 2 − 20𝑚𝑛 + 20𝑛

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(B) Solving Simple Linear Equations.

An equation is a mathematical statement that two or more expressions are equal.

It must have an equal sign.
Solving simple linear equations means finding the value of the variable.
It can be done in two ways: (1) Inverse method, and (2) Transposed method.

Example 1:
Solve the following.
𝑥
(a) 𝑥 + 2 = 3 (b) 𝑥 − 4 = 3 (b) −2𝑥 = 18 (b) =3
4

Solution:
Inverse method Transposed method

(a) 𝑥 + 2 = 3 𝑥 +2−𝟐 = 3−𝟐 𝑥 +2 = 3−𝟐

𝑥=1 𝑥=1

(b) 𝑥 − 4 = 3 𝑥−4+𝟒=3+𝟒 𝑥−4=3+𝟒

𝑥=7 𝑥=7

(c) −2𝑥 = 18 −2𝑥 ÷ −𝟐 = 18 ÷ −𝟐 18

−2𝑥 = −𝟐
𝑥 = −9 𝑥 = −9

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
(d) =3 ×𝟒 = 3×𝟒 = 3×𝟒
4 4 4
𝑥 = 12 𝑥 = 12

Example 2:
Solve the following.
(a) 10𝑥 + 15 − 5𝑥 = 25 (b) −3𝑥 + 15 = 2𝑥 − 30

Solution:
(a) 10𝑥 + 15 − 5𝑥 = 25 (b) −3𝑥 + 15 = 2𝑥 − 30
10𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 15 = 25 −3𝑥 − 2𝑥 = −30 − 15
5𝑥 + 15 = 25 −5𝑥 = −45
5𝑥 = 25 − 15 −45
𝑥 = −5
5𝑥 = 10
10 𝑥=9
𝑥= 5
𝑥=2

Example 3:
Solve the following.
(a) −(𝑥 − 4) + 2(4𝑥 − 3) = 5 (b) 6(2𝑥 − 5) − (5 − 3𝑥) = 10

Solution:
(a) −(𝑥 − 4) + 2(4𝑥 − 3) = 5 (b) 6(2𝑥 − 5) − (5 − 3𝑥) = 10
−𝑥 + 4 + 8𝑥 − 6 = 5 12𝑥 − 30 − 5 + 3𝑥 = 10
−𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 4 − 6 = 5 12𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 30 − 5 = 10
7𝑥 − 2 = 5 15𝑥 − 35 = 10
7𝑥 = 5 + 2 15𝑥 = 10 + 35
7𝑥 = 7 15𝑥 = 45
7 45
𝑥=7 𝑥 = 15
𝑥=1 𝑥=3

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(C) Solving Word Problems.

In solving word problems in algebra, a mathematical problem may be expressed in algebraic equation or in
words.
Several steps must be applied to construct and solve the word problem.
Step 1: Understand the problem,
Step 2: Identify the unknown and represent them by letters,
Step 3: Translate the given problem into a linear equation,
Step 4: Solve the equation to find the unknown.

Example 1:
I think of a number, multiply by 2 and then add 3 and I have 11. What is the number?

Solution:

STEP 1: [Understand the problem] ____?___ × 2 + 3 = 11

STEP 2: [Identify the unknown as letter] Let the unknown number = 𝑥

STEP 3: [Construct the equation] 𝑥 × 2 + 3 = 11

2𝑥 + 3 = 11

STEP 4: [Solve the equation] 2𝑥 + 3 = 11

2𝑥 = 11 − 3
𝑥 =8÷2
𝑥=4

Example 2:
Two brothers bought together 10 books. One bought 4 books. How many books did the other brother buy?

Solution:

STEP 1: [Understand the problem] ____?___ + 4 = 10

STEP 2: [Identify the unknown as letter] Let the unknown number = 𝑏

STEP 3: [Construct the equation] 𝑏 + 4 = 10

STEP 4: [Solve the equation] 𝑏 + 4 = 10

𝑏 = 10 − 4
𝑏=6

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 Name: _______________________________ Class: 7C Date: _______________

WORKSHEET (ALGEBRA III)

Instructions: (1) Write your full name and date.
(2) Answer all the questions given below in examination pad. Show all your
workings.

1) Simplify each of the following by removing the brackets.

(a) 7(𝑥 + 3)
(b) 4(3𝑥 − 5)
(c) −5(2𝑥 + 1)
(d) −7(−𝑥 − 2)

2) Expand and simplify each of the following.

(a) 3(𝑎 + 3) + 2(𝑎 + 4)
(b) 4(𝑛 − 3) + 4(2𝑛 − 3)
(c) −4(𝑥 + 3) + 3(2𝑥 − 5)
(d) −5(2𝑥 − 7) − 5(𝑥 − 2)

3) Simplify the following.

(a) 7𝑎 + 5(3𝑎 − 𝑏) + 5𝑏
(b) 3𝑝 − 4𝑞 + 6(𝑝 − 2𝑞)

4) Solve the following equations.

(a) 𝑥 + 8 = 10
(b) 2𝑥 + 4 = 10
(c) 6 − 3𝑥 = 18

5) Solve the following equations.

(a) 6(𝑎 + 2) = 24
(b) −2(𝑝 − 5) = 28
(c) 2(3𝑥 − 4) − 4𝑥 = 12

6) Answer the following questions.

(a) When 3 is added to a number 𝑥, the result is 10. Find the number.
(b) Kamsiah is 3 times as old as her daughter. Their total age is 52 years. Find Kamsiah’s age.
(c) When a number is multiplied by 3, the result is the same as when 12 is added to the
number. Find the number.
(d) An equilateral triangle has 3 equal sides. If one side of the triangle is (2𝑥 − 3) cm, find its
perimeter.

MARKS = / 20

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