CS6360 - Computer Graphics
Tutorial 1; Total time: 50 mins
Question 1:
Consider a raster monitor of resolution 640*480 pixels. A scanning is used with horizontal retrace time
of 4 micro seconds and vertical retrace time of 20 micro seconds respectively. Calculate the time
available to display a pixel for both cases of (i) non-interlaced and (ii) interlaced. Assume a scan rate of
50 frames per seconds
Answer:
(A)
(i) Non-interlaced:
Time per scan = (1000/50) = 20 m sec
Retrace/ scan = (20 + 480x4) micro sec = 1.94 ms
Total time to scan pixels = 20 – 1.94 = 18.06 ms
Therefore, time per pixel = = 58.8 nano sec
(ii) Interlaced:
Time per fields = 100 ms
Retrace/ field = (20 + 240 x 4) = 0.98 ms
Total time to scan pixels/ field = 10 – 0.98 = 9.02 ms
Therefore, time per pixel = = 58.7 nano sec
(B) No. of pixels displayed per second = 640*480*50.
No. of horizontal retraces per second = 480*50
No. of vertical retrace per second for non-interlaced case = 50
No. of vertical retrace per second for interlaced case = 50*2 = 100
Total horizontal retrace time per second = 480*50*4 micro-secs ≈ 96 milli-secs
Total vertical retrace time per second for non-interlaced case = 50*20 micro-secs ≈ 1 milli-sec
Total vertical retrace time per second for interlaced case = 100*20 micro-secs ≈ 2 milli-secs.
(i) Non-interlaced total retrace time in a second for non-interlaced case is 97 milli-secs.
So, time available for all pixel displays during a particular scan is: (1000-97)milli-secs =
903 milli-secs.
Therefore, time available to display a single pixel for non-interlaced case is :
903/(640*480*50) milli-sec = 58.8 nano-secs.
(ii) Interlaced total retrace time in a second for interlaced case is 98 milli-secs.
So, time available for pixel display during a particular scan is: (1000-98) = 902 milli-secs.
Therefore, time available to display a single pixel for interlaced case is :
902/(640*480*50) milli-sec = 58.7 nano-secs.
Question 2:
Write the pixels to be considered to draw a line between (10,15) and (17,20) using mid-point line
drawing algorithm. Mention the initial values of the required parameters as well as the change in values
of the necessary parameters.
Answer:
x1 = 17, y1 = 20; x0 = 10, y0 = 15; dx = 7, dy = 5, Dstart = 3
Sl. No. d x y change
0 d=3 10 15 -
1 d = 3+(-4) = -1 11 16 NE
2 d = -1+10 = 9 12 16 E
3 d = 9-4 = 5 13 17 NE
4 d = 5-4 = 1 14 18 NE
5 d = 1-4 = -3 15 19 NE
6 d = -3+10 = 7 16 19 E
7 d = 7-4 = 3 17 20 NE
Question 3:
A plane determined by the points and and a line passing through the points and intersect
the plane at a point, Q. Find the coordinates of Q.
Answer:
The point Q satisfies eqn of both line and plane,
Parametric eqn of plane,
⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗) (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗)
Parametric eqn of line,
⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗) (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗)
(⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗) (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗) (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
t can be solved as,
[ ]
[ ]
This value can then be plugged back in parametric eqn of line to give the point of intersection.
Question 4:
Consider the line L and the triangle ABC as shown in the figure given below. The equation of the line L is
y=x+2. The coordinates of the points A, B and C are (2,5,1), (2,8,1) and (4,8,1) respectively. A*B*C*
represents the reflection of the original triangle ABC through the line L. Find the co-ordinates of A*, B*
and C*.
Answer:
The line will pass through the origin by translating it -
2 units in the y direction. The resultant line can be
made coincident with the x axis by rotating it by –tan-
1
(1) = -45 degree about the origin. After that, the
triangle ABC can be reflected through the line L,
which now coincides with the x axis. The transformed
position vectors of the triangle are then rotated and
translated back to the original orientation. The
combined transformation is:
√ √ √ √
[ ] [ ] [ ]
√ √ √ √
[ ] [ ]
√ √ √ √
[ ] [ ]
√ √ √ √
[ √ √ ]
√ √ √ √
[ ]
√ √ √ √
[ √ √ ]
=[ ]
Hence, the transformed position vectors for the triangle A*B*C* are:
[ ] [ ] [ ]
Question 5:
Let a point P moves with at an uniform velocity v on a linear path in 3D. Find the velocity of point Q,
which is the perspective projection of P on a 2D plane. Consider the focal length of the camera be f.
Answer:
Let the velocity of P along x, y and z coordinates be v1, v2 and v3 respectively ( ⃗⃗ = [v1 v2 v3]). Let after one
unit time, the point P moves to the location P’. Hence, in the projection plane, the point Q moves to the
new location Q’. If the projection matrix is given by the matrix T, where:
[ ]
⁄
Then, displacement of P’ from P is [ ]
Displacement of Q’ from Q = P’T-PT = [ ]*T = [ ]
Hence the velocity in the projection plane is [ ]