CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
CONTRAINDICATION
[Link] SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- Depress the CNS, Antianxiety agents, anticonvulsants, sedative/hyptonics, skeletal muscle relaxants (centrally acting) probably by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. - Produces skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways. - Has anticonvul-sant properties due to enhanced presynaptic [Link]
NDICATION: -Adjunct in the management of: 1) Anxiety 2) Preoperative sedation 3) Conscious sedation - Provides light anesthesia and anterograde amnesia - Treatment of status epilepticus/ uncontrolled CONTRAINDICATIONS: - Hypersensitivity - Cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may occurs - Comatose patients - Pre-existing CNS depression - Uncontrolled severe painUse cautiously in: 1) Hepatic dysfunction 2) Severe renal impairment NURSING IMPLICATIONS/RESPO NSIBILITIES: - Monitor BP, PR,RR prior to periodically throughout therapy and frequently during IV therapy. - Assess IV site frequently during administration, diazepam may cause
- CNS: 1) dizziness 2) drowsiness 3) lethargy 4) hangover 5) headache 6) depression - EENT: 1) blurred vision - RESP: 1) respiratory depression - CV: 1) hypotension
3) History of suicide attempt or phlebitis and venous drug dependence thrombosis. - Prolonged high-dose
effects: (1) Relief of Anxiety (2) Sedation (3) Amnesia (4) Skeletal muscle relaxant (5) Decreased seizure activity I
seizures - Skeletal muscle relaxant - Management of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal
therapy may lead to psychological or physical dependence. Restrict amount of drug available to patient. Observe depressed patients closely for suicidal tendencies. - Observe and record intensity, duration and location of seizure activity. The initial dose of diazepam offers seizure control for 15-20 min after administration. - IM injections are painful and erratically absorbed. If IM route is used, inject deeply into deltoid muscle for maximum absorption.
- GI: 1) constipation 2) diarrhea 3) nausea 4) vomiting - DERM: 1) rashes - LOCAL: 1) pain (IM) 2) phlebitis (IV) 3) venous thrombosis - MISC: 1) physical & psychological depen-dence 2)tolerance
- Caution patient to avoid taking alcohol or other CNS depressants concurrently with this medication. - Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by decrease anxiety level; control of seizures; decreased tremulousness.
JODESH FE A. SUMAYLO VALIUM(DIAZEPAM)
JODESH FE A. SUMAYLO
DRUG STUDY LIDOCAINE
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE EFFECT
NSG. CONSIDERATION
LOCAL ANESTHETICS
hydrochloride of 2 (diethylamino) -2.6 acetoxylidide monohydrochloride is potent local anesthetic which blocks the nerve impulse conduction by
Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% injection is recommended for infiltrations and regional nerve block anesthesia in general
: Lidocaine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity either to local anesthetic agents
As with other local anesthetics, transient Central nervous system reactions characterized by nervousness, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, and
decreasing membrane permeability to sodium ions, thus elevating the threshold for electrical excitability and stabilizing the nerve potential.
surgical and dental procedures. It is also suitable for topical mucosal anesthesia during surgery or instrumentation.
of the amide type or to other components of the injectable formulation
tremors or convulsions may occur. Drowsiness merging into unconsciousness and respiratory arrest are the manifestations of toxicity. Treatment of patient consists of assuring and maintaining as patients airway, supporting ventilation with oxygen, and assisted or controlled respiration as required. Should convulsions persist despite ventilatory therapy small increments of
anticonvulsive agents may be given intravenously
JODESH FE A. SUMAYLO
DRUG STUDY NITROGLYCERIN
CLASSIFICATION
ACTION
INDICATION
CONTRAINDICATION
ADVERSE EFFECT
NSG. CONSIDERATION
NITRATES
Reduces cardiac oxygen demand by decreasing left ventricular pressure and Indications: - treatment of angina pectoris Contraindications
Cardiovascular: Face and neck flushing, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia Monitor blood pressure and heart rate on a regular basis. Instruct patient to take
systemic vascular resistance; dilates coronary arteries and improves collateral flow to ischemic regions
- hypersensitivity to nitroglycerin and other components - closed-angle glaucoma -severe anemia - increased intracranial pressure - head trauma - uncorrected hypovolemiA
CNS: headache, restlessness GI: nausea, vomitiNG
medication while sitting down and to change positions slowly. Instruct patient to allow tablets to dissolve under tongue, and not to chew or swallow sublingual tablets. Instruct patient to seek emergency help promptly if chest pain is unresolved after 15 minutes. Instruct patient not to change brands without consulting prescriber. Instruct patient to keep tablets in original,
airtight container. Advise patient to use caution when engaging in activities requiring mental alertness. Advise patient to report acute headache, rapid heartbeat, unusual restlessness or dizziness, or blurring of vision