Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information

Candidate surname Other names

Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number

Mock - 2
International
Advanced Level

Time 1 hour 45 minutes

Paper
reference WCH14/01
Chemistry
International Advanced Level
UNIT 4: Rates, Equilibria and Further Organic
Chemistry

You must have: Total Marks

Scientific calculator, Data Booklet, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 90.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• structure
In the question marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to
your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are related or
follow on from each other where appropriate.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
• Good luck with your examination.
Turn over

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P64626A
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1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1
 SECTION A

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.

For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box .
If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer
with a cross .

1 Which of these has the highest standard molar entropy at 298 K and 1 atm pressure?

A carbon dioxide, CO2

B copper, Cu

C ethanol, C2H5OH

D hydrogen, H2

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 The entropy change of the surroundings, ¨Ssurroundings , and the entropy change of the
system, ¨Ssystem , for four different reactions are given.

¨Ssurroundings ¨Ssystem
Reaction
/ J K−1 mol−1 / J K−1 mol−1
P +245 +34
Q +350 −276
R −482 +65
S −563 −128

Which of these is thermodynamically feasible?

A reaction P only

B reactions P and Q only

C reaction R only

D reactions R and S only

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

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*P67746A0228*
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3 Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of atomisation, ¨atH , of bromine?

A ½ Br2(l) → Br(g)

B Br2(l) → 2Br(g)

C ½ Br2(g) → Br(g)

D Br2(g) → 2Br(g)
(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

4 This question is about four ionic compounds.

(a) Which of these compounds would be expected to have the least exothermic
lattice energy?
(1)
A calcium chloride

B magnesium chloride

C potassium bromide

D sodium bromide

(b) Which of these compounds would be expected to have the largest difference
between their experimental (Born–Haber) and theoretical lattice energies?
(1)
A calcium chloride

B magnesium chloride

C potassium bromide

D sodium bromide

(Total for Question 4 = 2 marks)

5 The standard enthalpy change of solution of potassium chloride, KCl, is +17 kJ mol−1.
The solubility of potassium chloride in water at 298 K is 359 g dm−3.
Which of these explains the solubility of potassium chloride in water?

A the hydration enthalpy of K+ and the lattice energy of KCl are exothermic

B the hydration enthalpy of K+ and the lattice energy of KCl are endothermic

C the total entropy change when KCl dissolves is positive

D the total entropy change when KCl dissolves is negative

(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

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6 The total entropy change, ¨Stotal , of a reaction at 298 K is −85.0 J K−1 mol−1.
What is the value of the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 298 K?
[R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1]

A 3.61 × 10−5

B 9.07 × 10−1

C 9.66 × 10−1

D 2.77 × 104

(Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)

7 Propanone reacts with iodine in the presence of a catalyst of dilute hydrochloric acid.
The reaction occurs in aqueous solution.

CH3COCH3 + I2 → CH3COCH2I + HI
The rate equation for this reaction is

rate = k[CH3COCH3][H+]
Which is a possible mechanism for the reaction?
+
A CH3COCH3 + H+ U CH3C(O H)CH3 fast
+
CH3C(O H)CH3 → CH3C(OH) CH2 + H+ slow

CH3C(OH) CH2 + I2 → CH3COCH2I + HI fast

+
B CH3COCH3 + H+ U CH3C(O H)CH3 fast
+
CH3C(O H)CH3 → CH3C(OH) CH2 + H+ fast

CH3C(OH) CH2 + I2 → CH3COCH2I + HI slow

C CH3COCH3 → CH3COCH2− + H+ slow

I2 → ,௘+ + ,௘− slow

CH3COCH2− + I+ → CH3COCH2I fast

D I2 → ,௘+ + ,௘− slow

CH3COCH3 + ,௘− → CH3COCH2− + HI slow

CH3COCH2− + ,௘+ → CH3COCH2I fast

(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)

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8 The rate equation for a reaction is

rate = k[A]2[B]0
The initial rate of reaction is 9.0 × 10−5 mol dm−3 s−1 when [A] = 0.30 mol dm−3
and [B] = 0.20 mol dm−3.
What is the value of the rate constant in dm3 mol−1 s−1?
A 8.1 × 10−6

B 3.0 × 10−4

C 1.0 × 10−3

D 5.0 × 10−3

(Total for Question 8 = 1 mark)

9 This question is about weak acids.

pKa of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH = 4.8
pKa of chloroethanoic acid, CH2ClCOOH = 2.9
(a) What is the pH of a 0.100 mol dm−3 solution of chloroethanoic acid?
(1)
A 0.27

B 1.95

C 2.90

D 3.90

(b) Which is the acid-conjugate base pair in the reaction between ethanoic acid and
chloroethanoic acid?
(1)
Acid Conjugate base

A CH3COOH CH3COO−

B CH3COOH CH3COOH2+

C CH2ClCOOH CH2ClCOO−

D CH2ClCOOH CH2ClCOOH2+

(Total for Question 9 = 2 marks)

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10 A titration was carried out by adding 0.1 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid to
0.1 mol dm−3 aqueous ammonia.

HCl(aq) + NH3(aq) o NH4Cl(aq)

The titration curve is shown.

14

T
U
pH
7
V

0
Volume of HCl / cm3

(a) Which region of the graph represents the most effective buffer solution?
(1)
A region T

B region U

C region V

D region W

(b) Which of these is the best indicator to use in this titration?

[Refer to the Data Booklet]
(1)
A methyl red

B phenol red

C phenolphthalein

D thymol blue

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 (c) What is the approximate pH of an ammonium chloride solution?
(1)
A 2.0

B 5.8

C 9.7

D 11.3

(Total for Question 10 = 3 marks)

11 A diprotic acid, H2A, was titrated with sodium hydroxide solution.

H2A(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) o Na2A(aq) + 2H2O(l)
A 25.0 cm3 portion of 0.100 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide solution required 12.80 cm3 of
the solution of the diprotic acid for complete neutralisation.
What is the concentration of H2A in mol dm−3?

A 2.56 × 10−2

B 9.77 × 10−2

C 1.95 × 10−1

D 3.91 × 10−1

(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

12 A sample of a bromoalkane, RBr, containing a single optical isomer reacts with

hydroxide ions in an SN1 mechanism.
RBr + OH− o ROH + Br−
The alcohol formed is a racemic mixture.
From this information, it can be deduced that RBr is most likely to be

A primary only

B secondary only

C tertiary only

D primary, secondary or tertiary

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

*P67746A0728*
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13 A compound X, with molecular formula C5H10O , gave an orange precipitate with
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
X gave a silver mirror with Tollens’ reagent.
Which of these could not be X?

A B O
O

C O D

(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)

14 Propyl ethanoate, CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 , is hydrolysed with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Which products are formed?

A CH3COOH and CH3CH2CH2OH

B CH3COOH and CH3CH2CH2ONa

C CH3COONa and CH3CH2CH2OH

D CH3COONa and CH3CH2CH2ONa

(Total for Question 14 = 1 mark)

15 2.95 g of ethanoic acid is produced from 2.50 g of ethanol.

What is the percentage yield of ethanoic acid?
[Molar masses in g mol−1: ethanoic acid = 60 ethanol = 46]

A 65.0 %

B 84.7 %

C 90.5 %

D 118 %

(Total for Question 15 = 1 mark)

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16 A mixture of organic compounds was analysed using thin-layer chromatography.
The Rf value was 0.92 for one of the components in the mixture.
What can be deduced about the attractions between that component and the
stationary and mobile phases?

Attraction between Attraction between

component and component and
stationary phase mobile phase
A strong strong

B strong weak

C weak weak

D weak strong

(Total for Question 16 = 1 mark)

TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS

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 BLANK PAGE

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SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
16 This question concerns calcium chloride, CaCl2 .
17

(a) Some energy changes related to calcium chloride are shown.

Energy change Value / kJ mol−1

Atomisation energy of calcium +178.2

Atomisation energy of chlorine +121.7

Electron affinity of chlorine −348.8

First ionisation energy of calcium +590.0

Standard enthalpy change of formation of calcium chloride −795.8

Experimental lattice energy of calcium chloride −2 258

Second ionisation energy of calcium To be calculated

(i) Complete the Born-Haber cycle by writing appropriate chemical formulae on

the horizontal lines. Include state symbols and relevant electrons.
(4)

∆H5 ∆H6

Ca2+(g) + 2Cl−(g)
∆H4

∆H3

∆H7
∆H2
Ca(s) + Cl2(g)

∆H1
CaCl2(s)

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*P64620A01432*
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(ii) Calculate the second ionisation energy of calcium using the cycle and the
values given in the table. Include a sign and units with your value.
(3)

(b) The theoretical lattice energy of formation of CaCl2 is −2 223 kJ mol−1.

Explain why the experimental lattice energy of CaCl2 is more exothermic than the
theoretical value.
(3)

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(c) The table shows the theoretical lattice energies of some chlorides of Group 2.

magnesium calcium strontium barium

Group 2 metal chloride
chloride chloride chloride chloride

Lattice energy / kJ mol−1 −2 326 −2 223 −2 127 −2 033

Explain the trend in theoretical lattice energies on descending Group 2.

(3)

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(d) Calculate the enthalpy change of solution of calcium chloride, CaCl2.

Data

∆hyd H  (Ca2+) = −1 650 kJ mol−1 ∆hyd H  (Cl−) = −364 kJ mol−1

Experimental lattice energy (CaCl2) = −2 258 kJ mol−1
(2)

(Total for Question 16

17 = 15 marks)

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17 This question concerns six isomers each with the molecular formula C5H10O2.
18

(a) Isomers A, B, C and D are structural isomers that all react with aqueous sodium carbonate
to produce carbon dioxide.
Isomer A is a straight-chain compound.
Isomer B has only two peaks in its high resolution proton NMR spectrum, both of
which are singlets.
Isomer C contains a chiral centre but isomer D does not.
Give the structures of these four isomers.
(4)

A B

C D

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(b) (i) Isomer E contains an ether functional group (R-O-R) and a ketone functional
group. The low resolution proton NMR spectrum of isomer E has four peaks.
The displayed formula of isomer E is

O
CH3 O CH2 CH2 C CH3
a b c d

The four hydrogen environments responsible for the four peaks are labelled.
Complete the table of information regarding these peaks including the
splitting pattern in the high resolution spectrum.
(3)

Peak a b c d

Relative peak area 3

Chemical shift
2.9 − 4.2
range, δ / ppm

Splitting singlet

(ii) State the number of peaks in the carbon-13 (13C) NMR spectrum of E.
(1)

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(c) Isomer F is a neutral compound that smells of pears.

It can be formed by the reaction between compounds V and W in the presence
of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Compound V has an absorption in its infrared spectrum at 1720 cm−1 and a
broad absorption around 3050 cm−1.
Compound W can be formed directly from propanal.
(i) Identify, by name or formula, compounds V, W and F.
Justify your answer by using all the available information.
(4)

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(ii) State the conditions required and the reagent needed to form compound W
from propanal.
(1)

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(iii) State the role of sulfuric acid in the formation of F.

(1)

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(d) State which one of the isomers A, E and F has the highest boiling temperature.
Justify your answer.
(3)

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(Total for Question 17

18 = 17 marks)

20
*P64620A02032*
17


18 This question concerns acidic solutions.

19
(a) (i) A solution of hydrochloric acid has a pH of 1.125.
Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions and of hydroxide ions, in mol dm−3,
in this solution.
[Kw = 1.00 × 10−14 mol2 dm−6]
(2)

(ii) Calculate the volume of water which must be added to 25.0 cm3 of this
solution to increase the pH from 1.125 to 1.500, giving your answer to an
appropriate number of significant figures.
(4)

21
*P64620A02132*
18 Turn over

(b) Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4 , is a weak acid, which dissolves in water, giving the
equilibrium

Equation 1 H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l)  H2PO4− (aq) + H3O+(aq)

The H2PO4− ion formed when phosphoric(V) acid is added to water can dissociate
further into HPO2−
4  .

Equation 2 H2PO4− (aq) + H2O(l)  HPO2−

4 (aq) + H3O+(aq)

.................... .................... ....................  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(i) Identify the acids and bases in the spaces below Equation 2, linking the
acid-base conjugate pairs.
(2)
(ii) Explain why very little dissociation of the H2PO4− ion occurs in solutions of
phosphoric(V) acid.
(2)

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22
*P64620A02232*
19


(c) (i) Using Equation 1, write an expression for the acid dissociation constant, Ka1 ,
for phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4 .
(1)

(ii) A 0.500 mol dm−3 solution of phosphoric(V) acid has a pH of 1.20.

Calculate the value of Ka1 , stating its units.
Assume that there is no further dissociation of the H2PO4− ion.
(4)

23
*P64620A02332*
20 Turn over

(d) Phosphate buffer solutions containing hydrogenphosphate ions, HPO2− 4 , and
−
dihydrogenphosphate ions, H2PO4  , are commonly used in biological research.
Explain, using a relevant ionic equation, how a solution containing these ions can
act as a buffer when a small amount of alkali is added.
(3)

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(Total for Question 19

18 = 18 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 50 MARKS

24
*P64620A02432*
21

SECTION C
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
19 Ammonia is manufactured in the Haber Process.
20

N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

In this process, pressures between 100 atm and 300 atm and temperatures between
675 K and 725 K are usually used.
(a) (i) Calculate ∆Ssystem for this reaction at 298 K.
Include a sign and units with your answer.
[Standard molar entropy, S , for 1 mol of each gas, in J K−1 mol−1 :
N2 = 191.6 H2 = 130.6 NH3 = 192.3]
(2)

(ii) Explain, using ideas about disorder, whether the sign of your answer to (a)(i) is
as expected.
(2)

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26
*P64620A02632*
22


(iii) At 700 K, the enthalpy change for this reaction is ∆H = −110.2 kJ mol−1.
Calculate the entropy change of the surroundings, ∆Ssurroundings , at 700 K.
Include a sign and units in your answer.
(2)

(iv) At 700 K, the total entropy change, ∆Stotal = −78.7 J K−1 mol−1.
Calculate ∆Ssystem for this reaction at 700 K.
Include a sign and units in your answer.
(1)

27
*P64620A02732*
23 Turn over

*(v) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using a temperature higher
than 700 K in the Haber process.
Consider the effect of an increase in temperature on the rate of reaction, on the
values of ∆Ssurroundings and ∆Stotal and on the equilibrium constant.
(6)

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28
*P64620A02832*
24


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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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29
*P64620A02932*
25 Turn over

(b) (i) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kp , for the reaction in the
Haber Process.

N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

(1)

(ii) A mixture of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia is at equilibrium at 255 atm

and 700 K. The partial pressure of nitrogen is 25 atm and that of hydrogen is
150 atm.
Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kp , for the formation of ammonia, at 700 K.
Include units in your answer.
(3)

30
*P64620A03032*
26


(iii) The pressure of the system is doubled at constant temperature.

Explain the effect of this on the yield of ammonia by considering the change
in the Kp expression and hence the position of equilibrium.
(3)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 19

20 = 20 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 20 MARKS

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS

31
*P64620A03132*
27


32
*P64620A03232*
28