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IB Math SL Functions Assessment Guide

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1) The document provides instructions for a mathematics assessment on functions. It specifies to write answers within boxes and show working. 2) The assessment contains 7 multi-part question…

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  • Instructions to Candidates
  • Question 1
  • Question 2
  • Question 3
  • Question 4
  • Question 5
  • Question 6
  • Question 7

Mathematics: applications and interpretation

Standard level
Functions Unit Assessment

Name: _______________________________

Instructions to candidates
• Write your session number in the boxes above.
• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
• A graphic display calculator is required for this paper.
• Answer all questions.
• Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
• Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers should be given exactly
or correct to three significant figures.
• A clean copy of the mathematics: applications and interpretation formula booklet is
required for this paper.
• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [49 marks].
Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided. Full marks are not necessarily
awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be supported by working and/or
explanations. Solutions found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable
working. For example, if graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of
your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct method,
provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show all working.

1. [Maximum mark: 6]
50
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + ,  𝑥 ≠ 0.
𝑥

a) Find 𝑓(1).
[2]
b) Solve 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.
[2]
The graph of 𝑓 has a minimum at point A.
c) Find the coordinates of A.
[2]
2. [Maximum mark: 7]
The price of gas at Leon’s gas station is $1.50 per litre. If a customer buys a minimum
of 10 litres, a discount of $5 is applied.
This can be modelled by the following function, 𝐿, which gives the total cost when
buying a minimum of 10 litres at Leon’s gas station.
𝐿(𝑥) = 1.50𝑥 − 5 ,  𝑥 ≥ 10.
where 𝑥 is the number of litres of gas that a customer buys.
a) Find the total cost of buying 40 litres of gas at Leon’s gas station.
[2]
b) Find 𝐿−1 (70).
[2]
The price of gas at Erica’s gas station is $1.30 per litre. A customer must buy a
minimum of 10 litres of gas. The total cost at Erica’s gas station is cheaper than Leon’s
gas station when 𝑥 > 𝑘 .
(c) Find the minimum value of 𝑘.
[3]
3. [Maximum mark: 5]
12
A function is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥+5 for −7 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 7, 𝑥 ≠ 5.

a) Find the range of 𝑓.


[3]
b) Find the value of 𝑓 −1 (0).
[2]
4. [Maximum mark: 5]
The amount, in milligrams, of a medicinal drug in the body t hours after it was injected is
given by 𝐷(𝑡) = 23(0.85)𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0. Before this injection, the amount of the drug in the
body was zero.
a) Write down
(i) the initial dose of the drug.
(ii) the percentage of the drug that leaves the body each hour.
[3]
b) Calculate the amount of the drug remaining in the body 10 hours after the
injection.
[2]
5. [Maximum mark: 4]
Natasha carries out an experiment on the growth of mould. She believes that the growth
can be modelled by an exponential function
𝑃(𝑡) = 𝐴e𝑘𝑡 ,
where 𝑃 is the area covered by mould in mm2 , 𝑡 is the time in days since the start of
the experiment and 𝐴 and 𝑘 are constants.
The area covered by mould is 112 mm2 at the start of the experiment and 360 mm2 after
5 days.
a) Write down the value of 𝐴.
[1]
b) Find the value of 𝑘.
[3]
6. [Maximum mark: 7]
Let the function ℎ(𝑥) represent the height in centimetres of a cylindrical tin can
with diameter 𝑥 cm.
640
ℎ(𝑥) = + 0.5 for 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 14.
𝑥2

a) Find the range of ℎ.


[3]
The function ℎ−1 is the inverse function of ℎ.
b) (i) Find ℎ−1 (10).
(ii) In the context of the question, interpret your answer to part (b)(i).
(iii) Write down the range of ℎ−1.
[4]
7. [Maximum mark: 15]
A wind turbine is designed so that the rotation of the blades generates electricity. The
turbine is built on horizontal ground and is made up of a vertical tower and three blades.
The point A is on the base of the tower directly below point B at the top of the tower.
The height of the tower, AB, is 90m. The blades of the turbine are centred at B and are
each of length 40m. This is shown in the following diagram.

The end of one of the blades of the turbine is represented by point C on the diagram.
Let h be the height of C above the ground, measured in metres, where h varies as the
blade rotates.
a) Find the
i. maximum value of h
ii. minimum value of h
[2]
The blades of the turbine complete 12 rotations per minute under normal conditions,
moving at a constant rate.
b)
i. Find the time, in seconds, it takes for the blade [BC] to make one complete
rotation under these conditions.
ii. Calculate the angle, in degrees, that the blade [BC] turns through in one
second.
[3]
(This question continues on the following page)
The height, h, of point C can be modelled by the following function. Time, t, is measured
from the instant when the blade [BC] first passes [AB] and is measured in seconds.

ℎ(𝑡) = 90 − 40 cos(72𝑡) ,  𝑡 ≥ 0
c)
i. Write down the amplitude of the function.
ii. Find the period of the function.
[2]
d) Sketch the function ℎ(𝑡) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 5, clearly labelling the coordinates of the
maximum and minimum points.
[3]
e)
i. Find the height of C above the ground when t = 2.
ii. Find the time, in seconds, that point C is above a height of 100m, during
each complete rotation.
[5]

Common questions

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The discount model alters the linear cost function by introducing a flat reduction in total cost for purchases above a minimum threshold, effectively creating a piecewise function. To compare costs, setting equations for different gas stations and solving for x gives the break-even point beyond which one is cheaper. For instance, L(x) = 1.5x - 5 for Leon’s provides a cheaper cost structure beyond certain volumes compared to Erica’s, allowing us to analytically determine the point where differential pricing makes Leon’s more economical .

Sketching a function graph provides a visual representation of the function's behavior over its domain, highlighting features such as maxima, minima, symmetry, and periodicity, crucial for understanding the mechanisms of turbine blade dynamics. In complex systems, it reveals instantaneous change rates and expected future positions, assisting in verifying theoretical models against physical reality .

Inverse functions illustrate symmetry by reflecting the original function over the line y = x. This symmetry indicates that each point (a, b) on the graph of the original function corresponds to the point (b, a) on the graph of its inverse. This is particularly useful in solving equations and converting between different forms of a function, as seen with functions like L(x) and L⁻¹(x).

Showing all working is beneficial in circumstances where partial credit can be awarded for correct methods and logical reasoning, even if the final answer is incorrect. It also helps clarify the thought process, allows one to find errors more easily, and ensures that solutions from devices like calculators are supported by a thorough understanding of the problem .

To consider environmental factors affecting k, one might expand the model by incorporating variables such as temperature, humidity, nutrient availability, and light exposure, as these can influence biological growth rates. This could involve constructing a multi-variable model where k becomes a function of these conditions, providing a more realistic simulation of mould growth under varying circumstances .

Providing a graphical representation helps to visually interpret the function's behavior, identify the function's key features such as intercepts, turning points, and asymptotes, and verify the solutions obtained analytically. Graphs can often reveal insights into the problem that purely numerical approaches may not, such as showing all roots of an equation or the behavior of the function at infinity .

Understanding the decay rate of a drug through exponential functions helps predict how concentrations diminish over time, crucial for ensuring drug efficacy and safety. It allows calculation of half-life, determination of appropriate dosing schedules, and avoidance of toxic or sub-therapeutic levels by predicting when the drug concentration falls below an effective threshold .

Analyzing h(t) involves checking if it accurately reflects the physical constraints and dynamics of the turbine blade, such as consistent periodicity, appropriate amplitude matching the physical system's constraints, and reflecting realistic oscillatory motion without distortion or gaps. The mathematical form should correspond effectively to real-world observations, and testing predictions against empirical data would be a definitive approach to validate the model .

Optimizing the sale price and volume discount requires analyzing pricing elasticity, consumer behavior models, and competitor pricing. Using tools like linear programming and differential calculus to determine cost-breakpoints, Leon’s station can strategize by altering discounts or increasing minimum purchase volumes that maximize profit while retaining customers. Competing with Erica’s pricing involves equilibrating customer perceived value and operational margins .

The amplitude corresponds to the maximum value or intensity of a periodic phenomenon (e.g., height of ocean tides, sound waves), while the period represents the duration of one complete cycle of the phenomenon (e.g., daily or yearly cycles). Understanding these parameters allows for accurate predictions and modeling of natural patterns, such as the rotation of turbine blades or the height of a point on the blade .

Mathematics: applications and interpretation Standard level Functions Unit Assessment Name: __________________
Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided. Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer wi
2. [Maximum mark: 7] The price of gas at Leon’s gas station is $1.50 per litre. If a customer buys a minimum of 10 li
3. [Maximum mark: 5] A function is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 12 𝑥+5 for −7 ≤𝑥≤7, 𝑥≠5. a) Find the range of 𝑓. [3] b)
4. [Maximum mark: 5] The amount, in milligrams, of a medicinal drug in the body t hours after it was injected is give
5. [Maximum mark: 4] Natasha carries out an experiment on the growth of mould. She believes that the growth can be mo
6. [Maximum mark: 7] Let the function ℎ(𝑥) represent the height in centimetres of a cylindrical tin can with diameter
7. [Maximum mark: 15] A wind turbine is designed so that the rotation of the blades generates electricity. The turbin
The height, h, of point C can be modelled by the following function. Time, t, is measured from the instant when the bl

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