Immigration Justice. MAT 152 – Final Project.

1- Using the attached table “Profile of the Unauthorized Population: United States” (Appendix 2), create a graph (Histogram, Polygon, Pie
Chart, Pareto…) for minimum 8 of the following variables: (there are 16 tables, you must do minimum 8 graphs)

a- Demographics

· Top Countries of Birth.

· Regions of Birth.

· Years of U.S. Residence.

· Age.

· Gender.

b- Family

· Parental Status.

· Marital Status.

c- Education and Language

· School Enrollment of Children and Youth.

· Educational Attainment of Adults.

· English Proficiency.

· Top 5 Languages Spoken at Home.

d- Workforce

· Labor Force Participation.

· Top Industries of Employment

e- Economics

· Family Income.

· Access to Health Insurance.

· Home Ownership.

2- Analyze each of the graphs using descriptive statistics. Describe your findings for each of them.

3- Analyze the main research topics by interconnecting the variables in each of the 5 topics (demographics, family, education and
language, workforce, and economics). Describe how they are related.

4- Interconnect the 5 topics with respect to each other. Describe how they are related.

5- Infer about your findings and express your position on accepting or not an immigration reform.

6- After analyzing the general findings, explain the pros and cons of an immigration reform.

7- Express your own conclusion about Immigration Justice in the United States.

Appendix 2.

Profile of the Unauthorized Population: United States

Demographics Estimate % of Total

Unauthorized Population 11,300,00 100%
0
Top Countries of Birth
Mexico 5,944,000 53%
 El Salvador 655,000 6%
Guatemala 525,000 5%
China 362,000 3%
Honduras 355,000 3%
Regions of Birth
Mexico and Central America 7,593,000 67%
Caribbean 351,000 3%
South America 685,000 6%
Europe/Canada/Oceania 579,000 5%
Asia 1,774,000 16%
Africa 318,000 3%
Years of U.S. Residence
Less than 5 2,009,000 18%
5 to 9 2,246,000 20%
10 to 14 2,722,000 24%
15 to 19 1,936,000 17%
20 or more 2,387,000 21%
Age
Under 16 803,000 7%
16 to 24 1,653,000 15%
25 to 34 2,935,000 26%
 35 to 44 2,839,000 25%
45 to 54 1,725,000 15%
55 and over 1,346,000 12%
Gender
Female 5,293,000 47%
Family Estimate % of Total
Parental Status
Population ages 15 and older 10,636,00 100%
0
Reside with at least one U.S.-citizen child under 18 3,261,000 31%
Reside with noncitizen children only under 18 697,000 7%
Reside with no children 6,678,000 63%
Marital Status
Population ages 15 and older 10,636,00 100%
0
Never married 4,276,000 40%
Married to a U.S. citizen 1,247,000 12%
Married to a legal permanent resident (LPR) 746,000 7%
Married to non-U.S. citizen/non-LPR 2,285,000 21%
Divorced, separated, widowed 2,082,000 20%
Education and Language Estimate % of Total
School Enrollment of Children and Youth
 Population ages 3 to 17 1,092,000 100%
Enrolled 1,002,000 92%
Not enrolled 90,000 8%
Population ages 3 to 12 438,000 100%
Enrolled 385,000 88%
Not enrolled 53,000 12%
Population ages 13 to 17 654,000 100%
Enrolled 617,000 94%
Not enrolled 38,000 6%
Population ages 18 to 24 1,325,000 100%
Enrolled 497,000 37%
Not enrolled 828,000 63%
Educational Attainment of Adults
Population ages 25 and older 8,844,000 100%
0-5 grade 1,138,000 13%
6-8 grade 1,556,000 18%
9-12 grade 1,422,000 16%
High school diploma or GED 2,182,000 25%
Some college or associate’s degree 1,178,000 13%
Bachelor’s, graduate, or professional degree 1,368,000 15%
English Proficiency
 Population ages 5 and older 11,214,00 100%
0
Speak only English 1,063,000 9%
Speak English "very well" 2,978,000 27%
Speak English "well" 2,281,000 20%
Speak English "not well"/"not at all" 4,891,000 44%
Top 5 Languages Spoken at Home
Population ages 5 and older 11,214,00 100%
0
Spanish 7,913,000 71%
English 1,069,000 10%
Chinese 371,000 3%
Tagalog 247,000 2%
Korean 152,000 1%
Workforce Estimate % of Total
Labor Force Participation
Civilian population ages 16 and older 10,491,00 100%
0
Employed 7,003,000 67%
Unemployed 546,000 5%
Not in the labor force 2,942,000 28%
Top Industries of Employment
 Civilian employed population ages 16 and older 7,003,000 100%
Accommodation and food services, arts, entertainment, and recreation 1,364,000 19%
Construction 1,194,000 17%
Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services 1,069,000 15%
Manufacturing 939,000 13%
Retail trade 737,000 11%
Economics Estimate % of Total
Family Income
Below 50% of the poverty level 1,351,000 12%
50-99% of the poverty level 1,828,000 16%
100-149% of the poverty level 1,868,000 17%
150-199% of the poverty level 1,682,000 15%
At or above 200% of the poverty level 4,570,000 40%
Access to Health Insurance
Uninsured 5,993,000 53%
Home Ownership*
Homeowner 3,799,000 34%
 

Source: Migration Policy Institute (MPI) analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data from the pooled 2012-16 American Community Survey (ACS) and the 2008 Survey of Income and
Program Participation (SIPP), drawing on a methodology developed in consultation with James Bachmeier of Temple University and Jennifer Van Hook of The Pennsylvania State
University, Population Research Institute.
Note: For U.S., state, and county estimates of the unauthorized population potentially eligible for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, click here.
Data-related notes
* “Homeowners” are unauthorized immigrants residing in homes that are owned, not rented.
 + Includes the following Colorado counties: Adams, Broomfield, Clear Creek, Douglas, Elbert, Gilpin, and Jefferson, as well as portions of Arapahoe, Boulder, and Weld counties.

++ NECTAs refer to New England City and Town Areas, geographic entities defined by the U.S. Census Bureau for use as alternatives to counties in the six-state New England
region.

1. Estimate for China includes Hong Kong but excludes Taiwan; estimate for Korea includes South Korea and North Korea.
2. “School Enrollment of Children and Youth” refers to unauthorized immigrants who reported attending school or college at any time in the three months prior to the survey.
3. For languages, “Chinese” includes Mandarin, Cantonese, and other Chinese languages; “English” includes English, Jamaican Creole, Krio, Pidgin Krio, and other English-based
Creole languages; “French” includes French, Patois, and Cajun; “Pacific Island languages” includes Ilocano, Samoan, Hawaiian, Sebuano, Chamorro, Guamanian, Marshallese,
Trukese, Tongan, and other Austronesian languages, but excludes Tagalog and Filipino, which are reported separately; “Portuguese” includes Portuguese and Cape Verdean
Creole; “Sub-Saharan African” includes Swahili or other Bantu languages, Mande, Fulani, Kru, and other unspecified African languages; “Tagalog” includes Tagalog and
Filipino.
4. For industries, “Other services” are miscellaneous services, not including the following services listed separately: (1) professional, scientific, management, administrative,
and waste management services; (2) educational services; (3) health and social services; and (4) accommodation and food services, arts, entertainment, and recreation.
5.  “-” estimates are zero, not applicable, or not displayed due to small sample size.
6. Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding.
Methodology in Brief:
MPI’s method uses information from the SIPP to assign legal status to noncitizens in the ACS. In the SIPP, noncitizens report whether they currently have lawful permanent
resident (LPR) status—i.e., a green card. Those without LPR status may be recent refugees, temporary visitors (e.g., students or high-skilled H-1B workers), or unauthorized
immigrants. Our method maps characteristics such as country of birth, year of U.S. entry, age, gender, and educational attainment between the two surveys, and those
noncitizens in the ACS who have characteristics similar to those reporting LPR status in the SIPP are coded as LPRs in the ACS. The remaining noncitizens—who are similar in
characteristics to those not reporting LPR status in the SIPP—are classified as either unauthorized or legal temporary migrants, depending on whether they meet the
qualifications for H-1B and the other temporary visa classifications. This method was developed in consultation with James Bachmeier of Temple University and Jennifer Van
Hook of The Pennsylvania State University, Population Research Institute. For more detail on the methods, see Jeanne Batalova, Sarah Hooker, Randy Capps, and James D.
Bachmeier, DACA at the Two-Year Mark: A National and State Profile of Youth Eligible and Applying for Deferred Action (Washington, DC: MPI, 2014). Please note that these
estimates use commonly accepted benchmarks from other research studies to determine the size of the unauthorized population and response rates to surveys. These estimates
have the same sampling and coverage errors as any other survey-based estimates that rely on ACS and other Census Bureau data.

Appendix 3: Rubrics

Criteria Exceeds Standard Meets Standard Nearly meets Standard. No meet Standard
3 points. 2 points. 1 point. 0 Point.
Introduction (Introductory *Clearly identifies and discusses research *Limited discussion of research focus, *Minimal discussion of research focus, *No discussion of research focus,
 paragraph(s), literature focus, purpose, and significance of the purpose, and significance of the research. purpose, and significance of the purpose, and significance of the
review, hypothesis or research. research. research.
prepositions)
Research Methods *Provides accurate description of how the *Provides limited description of how the *Provides minimal description of how *Provides no description of how the
data was collected, what/how many data data was collected, what/how many data the data was collected, what/how many data was collected, what/how many
sources were analyzed. sources were analyzed. data sources were analyzed. data sources were analyzed.
Results *Tables/graphs clearly and concisely *Tables/graphs are clearly represented, but *Tables/graphs aren’t clearly *Tables/graphs aren’t represented.
convey the data. don’t concisely convey the data. represented, and don’t concisely convey *Results aren’t explained, level of
*Results are clearly explained in a *Results are explained, but not as clearly, the data. detail is severely insufficient, and
comprehensive level of detail and are well level of detail is not as sufficient, and there *Results aren’t very clear explained, there is lack of organization.
organized. are some organizational issues. level of detail is insufficient, and there *Statistical analyses either aren’t
*Statistical analyses are appropriate and *Statistical analyses are appropriate, but are several organizational issues. present or aren’t appropriate.
are accurately interpreted. aren’t accurately interpreted. *Statistical analyses aren’t appropriate
and aren’t accurately interpreted.
Conclusions *Interpretations/ analyses of results are *Interpretations/ analyses of results are *Interpretations/ analyses of results are *Interpretations/ analyses of results
thoughtful and insightful, are clearly sufficient, but somewhat lacking in lacking in thoughtfulness and insight, are severely lacking in thoughtfulness
informed by the study’s results. thoughtfulness and insight, aren’t as clearly aren’t clearly informed by the study’s and insight, aren’t informed by the
informed by the study’s results. results. study’s results.
Social/ Immigration Justice *Insightful discussion of how the study *Limited discussion of how the study *Minimal discussion of how the study *No discussion of how the study
relates to Immigration/Social Justice. relates to Immigration/Social Justice. relates to Immigration/Social Justice. relates to Immigration/Social Justice.
Documentation of Sources *Cites all data obtained from other *Cites most data obtained from other *Cites some data obtained from other *Does not cite sources.
sources. APA citation style is accurately sources. APA citation style is used in both sources. APA citation style is either *Sources are non-scholarly and don’t
used in both text and bibliography. text and bibliography. inconsistent or incorrect. relate to the research purpose.
*Sources are all scholarly and clearly *Sources are primarily scholarly and relate *Sources aren’t primarily scholarly and
relate to the research purpose. to the research purpose. don’t clearly relate to the research
purpose.
Spelling & Grammar *No spelling and grammar mistakes. *Minimal spelling and grammar mistakes. *Noticeable spelling and grammar *Excessive spelling and/or grammar
mistakes. mistakes.
Manuscript Format *Title page has proper APA formatting. *Title page approximates APA formatting. *Title page deviates from APA *Title page is not in APA formatting.
*Used correct heading and subheadings *Used correct heading and subheadings formatting. * Heading and subheadings are
consistently. almost consistently. *Used heading and subheadings absent..
incorrectly.