Overview of Melamine
Presented by: Bodoor Almalki
Supervised by: [Link] Alromaizan
Outline
Introduction Spectroscopy analysis
of melamine
● History ● IR
● Overview about melamine ● ¹H-NMR
● ¹³C-NMR
1 2 3 4
preparation and reaction Porous organic polymers
of melamine Supported by melamine
● By dicyandiamide ● Synthesis
● By urea ● Characterization
● Resin ● Conclusion
1
Introduction
History:
1 Known for almost 200 3 In the 1930s, technological 5 Melamine dinnerware went into
advances made melamine wide use during World War when
years
inexpensive to manufacture. it was mass-produced for troops.
2 Melamine created in the 4 Eventually discovering, this
1830s by German chemist plastic was used in, mass-
Justus von Liebig. produced dinnerware.
2
Melamine
Overview:
What is melamine? Naming
Melamine is a small ● 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
polar molecular ● Molecular Formula: C3H6N6
compound found in the ● Molar Mass: 126.12
form of white crystals.
Properties Uses
● Three amino groups ● Plastics
● Triazine ring ● Flame retardants
● Contains 66% nitrogen ● Pesticides
● Tarnish inhibitors
3
preparation of melamine
Melamine can be prepared in two ways:
● Melamine by dicyandiamide:
● Melamine by urea:
4
preparation of melamine
● Melamine by urea:
5
Important reaction of melamine
What is MF? Resin Structure
Melamine formaldehyde
is a thermosetting
aminoplast.
Uses
● Kitchenware
● Floor tiles Properties
● Fibers and textiles ● Hard and very durable
● Additives in paints ● Good fire and heat resistance
● Versatile
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Important reaction of melamine
● The melamine reacts with formaldehyde to form
methylolmelamines:
● Further heating causes condensation of the methylolmelamines:
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Spectroscopy analysis of melamine
● IR analysis:
Group (Cm⁻¹)
N-H (Primary amine) 3468
N-H (Primary amine) 3417
Triazine ring 809
Wavenumber (Cm⁻¹)
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Spectroscopy analysis of melamine
● ¹H-NMR analysis:
𝛅𝐇 (ppm)
(6H “Singlet”) of NH₂ 5.95
Chemical shift (ppm)
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Spectroscopy analysis of melamine
● ¹³C-NMR analysis:
𝛅𝐂 (ppm)
(3C) of C=N 167.33
Chemical shift (ppm)
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Application of melamine
Porous organic polymers (POPs) Supported
by melamine for carbon dioxide capture
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Porous organic polymers Supported by melamine
Definition Properties
● High surface area
● porous is a material that is able to ● Based on Schiff-base
easily absorb fluids or allow liquids ● Rigid cross-linker
or gases to pass through. ● Excellent selectivity
● Good adsorption
● POPs are a kind of covalently ● Simple procedure
connected polymers. ● Cost-effective
Applications Why melamine?
● Energy storage Melamine Has abundant
● The degradation of organic pollutants nitrogen, which can
● Gas adsorption and separation interact with CO2.
● Chemical sensing
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Porous organic polymers Supported by melamine
Synthesis :
DMF
150ºC 24h
Melamine TNPB
POPs
Molar ratio
MA : TNPB
POP-3 3 : 1
POP-10 10 : 1
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Porous organic polymers Supported by melamine
Morphology and structural analysis:
Homogeneous
Irregular shape and size
BET SSA 3.7 m². g⁻¹ for POP-10
BET SSA 4.2 m². g⁻¹ for POP-3
Tiny particles
SEM and TEM images of the resultant POP-10 sample
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Porous organic polymers Supported by melamine
Porous size study:
POP-3
POP-10 and POP-3 had similar
microporous structures
POP-10
pore size distribution of the POP-3 and POP-10
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Porous organic polymers Supported by melamine
Adsorption study of CO₂:
A) POP-10 B) POP-3
CO₂ uptake at 1 bar mg g⁻¹
273K : 298K
POP-10 162.1 : 149.0
POP-3 190.6 : 159.7
CO₂ uptake isotherms of the POPs samples
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Conclusion
In summary, melamine from ancient times to the present has shown a wide
range of diversity in the industrial world. Currently, it is used in applications
for environmental conservation such as the adsorption of carbon dioxide
and the removal of heavy metals from water. And this demonstrates the
importance of the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds.
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