First year
Chapter 5
The operating cycle and merchandising operations
:There are two systems to account for inventory
Perpetual inventory system (purchase – sale) -1
Periodic inventory system (purchase – sale) -2
Perpetual inventory system
:Example1
on 2\1 purchased merchandize from ahmed company, 5900$ price on account , credit -1
terms of 2/15,n/60 and FOB shipping point
On 3/1 returned to Ahmed company UN acceptable merchandise that had a invoice price -2
900$
On 17/1 sent a check to Ahmed Company for the 2/1 purchases, net of the discount and -3
the returned merchandize (assume date of payment 22/1)
on 18/1 paid 330$ for shipping charges on the 2/1 purchases -4
.Require: prepare journal entry to record the above transactions
Answer
Date Explanation Dr Cr
2/1 inventory 5900
A/P 5900
3/1 A/P 900
Inventory 900
17/1 A/P 5000
Cash 4900
Inventory 100
100 = 5000*2%
22/1 A/P 5000
Cash 5000
18/1 Inventory 330
Cash 330
First year
:Example 2
on 2/1 purchased merchandize from William company, 12.250$ price on account, credit -1
terms of 2/15, n/30 and FOB shipping point
On 3/1 after negotiations received from William a 3.250$ allowance on the 2/1 purchases -2
on 17/1 sent a check to William company paying for the 2/1 purchases, net of the -3
discount and the allowance
On 18/1 paid 330$ for shipping charges on the 2/1 purchases -4
Required: prepare journal entry to record the above transactions
Answer
Date Explanation Dr Cr
2/1 Inventory 12.250
A/P 12.250
3/1 A/P 3.250
Inventory 3.250
17/1 A/P 9000
Cash 8.820
Inventory 180
180 = 9000*2%
18/1 Inventory 330
Cash 330
:Example 3
On 2/1 the company sold merchandize for 5000$, grating the customer terms of 2/15, -1
n/60 and the cost of merchandize is 3000$. That FOB destination
On 3/1 the customer in the 2/1 sales returned merchandize and received credit for -2
1000$. The merchandize which had cost 600$ is returned for the company assume
merchandize is not defective
On 17/1 received payment for the amount due from 2/1 less returned in 3/1 -3
)Assume date of payment 22/1 (
on 18/1 paid 80$ fright charges to transport merchandize to customer -4
: Required: prepare journal entries to record the above transactions
Answer
First year
Date Explanation Dr Cr
2/1 A/R 5000
Sales revenue 5000
Cost of goods sold 3000
Inventory 3000
3/1 Sales returned and allowance 1000
A/R 1000
Inventory 600
Cost of goods sold 600
17/1 Cash 3920
Sales discount 80
A/R 4000
80 = 4000/* 2%
22/1 Cash 4000
A/R 4000
18/1 Fright out 80
Cash 80
Periodic inventory system
:Example 4
on 2\1 purchased merchandize from ahmed company , 5900$ price on account , credit terms of 2/15,n/60 -11
and FOB shipping point
On 3/1 returned to Ahmed company un acceptable merchandise that had a invoice price 900$ -2
On 17/1 sent a check to Ahmed company for the 2/1 purchases, net od the discount and the returned -3
merchandize (assume date of payment 22/1)
on 18/1 paid 330$ for shipping charges on the 2/1 purchases -4
Require: prepare journal entry to record the above transactions using periodic method
Date Explanation Dr Cr
2/1 Purchase 5900
A/P 5900
3/1 A/P 900
Purchase return and 900
allowance
17/1 A/P 5000
Cash 4900
Purchase cash discount 100
100 = 5000*2%
22/1 A/P 5000
Cash 5000
18/1 Fright in 330
Cash 330
First year
:Example 5
on 2/1 purchased merchandize from William company, 12.250$ price on account, credit -1
terms of 2/15, n/30 and FOB shipping point
On 3/1 after negotiations received from William 3.250$ allowance on the 2/1 purchases -2
on 17/1 sent a check to William company paying for the 2/1 purchases, net of the -3
discount and the allowance
on 18/1 paid 330$ for shipping charges on the 2/1 purchases -4
Required: prepare journal entry to record the above transactions using period method
Date Explanation Dr Cr
2/1 Purchase 12.250
A/P 12.250
3/1 A/P 3.250
Purchase return and allowance 3.250
17/1 A/P 9000
Cash 8.820
Purchase cash discount 180
180 = 9000*2%
18/1 Fright in 330
Cash 330
:Example 6
On 2/1 the company sold merchandize for 5000$, grating the customer terms of 2/15, -1
n/60 and the cost of merchandize is 3000$. That FOB destination
On 3/1 the customer in the 2/1 sales returned merchandize and received credit for 1000$ -2
. The merchandize which had cost 600$ is returned for the company assume merchandize is
not defective
On 17/1 received payment for the amount due from 2/1 less returned in 3/1 -3
)Assume date of payment 22/1 (
on 18/1 paid 80$ fright charges to transport merchandize to customer -4
Required: prepare journal entries to record the above transactions suing periodic method
First year
Answer
Date Explanation Dr Cr
2/1 A/R 5000
Sales revenue 5000
3/1 Sales returned and allowance 1000
A/R 1000
17/1 Cash 3920
Sales discount 80
A/R 4000
80 = 4000/* 2%
22/1 Cash 4000
A/R 4000
18/1 Fright out 80
Cash 80
Income statement
Net sales revenue
cost of goods sold )-(
gross margin =
operating expenses )-(
operating income =
other revenue and gains )+(
other expenses and losses )-(
income before taxes =
taxes )-(
net income =
:Some important equations
Net sales = sales revenue – sales return and allowance – sales discount -1
Net purchase = purchase – purchase discount – purchase return and allowance -2
Cost of goods sold = beg inventory + net cost of purchase – end inventory -3
First year
Goods available for sale = beg inventory + net purchase -4
:Example 7
Argentina Company gathered the following condensed data for the year ended December
31, 2012
Cost of goods sold 750.000$
Net sales 1.250.000$
Operating expenses 275.000$
Interest expense 48.000$
Dividend revenue 38.000$
Loss from employees strike 185.000$
:Required
Prepare a single –step income statement for the year ended December 31.2012 -1
Prepare a multiple –step income statement for the year ended December 31.2012 -2
Answer
Net sales revenue 1.250.000
cost of goods sold 750.000 )-(
gross margin 500.000 =
operating expenses 275.000 )-(
operating income 225.000 =
other revenue and gains )+(
Dividend revenue 38.000
other expenses and losses )-(
Loss from employee strike 185.000
Interest expense 48.000
income before taxes 30.000 =
taxes 0 )-(
net income 30.000 =
First year
Single -1
: Revenues
Net sales 1.250.000$
Dividend revenue 38.000
Total revenues 1.288.000
: Expenses
Cost of goods sold 750.000
Operating expenses 275.000
Loss from employee strike 185.000
Interest expense 48.000
Total expenses 1.258.000
Net income 30.000$