(Part – B)

Guidelines and Assessment Manual

for

Micro Projects
Report

(“I” Scheme Curriculum)

Computer Engineering Programme

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 PART B - Micro-project Report
Title of Micro- Project
RECENT AND WIDELY USED UNGUIDED
MEDIA IN INDUSTRIES

1.0 Rational
Unguided media, also known as wireless communication, is a method of
transmitting data through the air or space without the use of physical cables or wires.
In unguided media, electromagnetic waves are used to transmit signals between two
or more devices.
Examples of unguided media include radio communication, satellite
communication, infrared communication, and microwave communication. These
technologies are commonly used in modern communication systems, such as cell
phones, Wi-Fi networks, and GPS.
Unguided media has several advantages over guided media, which uses physical
cables or wires to transmit data. For example, unguided media can transmit data
over long distances, and it can reach areas where it is not possible to lay cables or
wires. However, unguided media is also more susceptible to interference and
security risks.
Overall, unguided media is an important part of modern communication systems
and plays a crucial role in enabling wireless communication across different devices
and platforms.

2.0 Aims of the Micro-project

This Micro-Project aims are.
▪ The Aim of Micro project is to explore the different unguided media devices used
in industry, their specific applications and benefits, and the challenges associated
with their use.
▪ The aim of this course is to help the student to affined following industry identified
related knowledge through various teaching-learning experiences., Recent and
widely used unguided media in industries.

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3.0 Course Outcomes Addressed
a) Create and Manage database using SQL command.

4.0 Literature Review

1. For this micro-project we used Internet, MS-Word. Microsoft Word is word
processing software which is developed by Microsoft and is part of the Microsoft
Office Suite. It enables you to create, edit and save a variety 6 of professional
documents like letters and reports. [Link]/ms-word-tutorial
2. And we will use The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide
system of computer networks -- a network of networks in which users at any one
computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer
(and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers). [Link]

3. Book Review: - Data Communication and Network -

Godbole Achyut
4. Web Review: -

[Link]

[Link]

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed

The objective of this microproject is to explore the different unguided media devices
used in industry, their specific applications and benefits, and the challenges
associated with their use.

An unguided media sort transmission is employed to transmit magnetism waves

while not mistreatment any of the physical transmission media. So, it’s additionally
referred to as wireless transmission. Unguided media sort includes air because the
media wherever magnetism energy may be flown simply with no intrusion or
hindrance.

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 Radio waves area unit the magnetism waves that area unit transmitted all told the
directions of free areas in AN omnidirectional approach i.e., signals get transmitted
all told the direction and is employed wide in propagating the signals chiefly for
telecommunication. Medium domain has important usage of unguided Media
varieties.
Types of Unguided Media
• There are 2 sorts of media kind that are used for transmission and propagation of
magnetic force waves and don’t get laid low with the curvature of the planet thanks to
transmitter and receiver to keep up a correct line of sight.
• The unguided media makes use of an associate antenna initial for transmission and
receiving the electromagnetic radiation. Another question that comes into mind is after
we have wired or guided media then why will we want unguided media?
• So, the answer lies within the incontrovertible fact that it absolutely was impossible to
fabricate and install any fiber, wire, and cable on the craggy areas by carving and paving
ways in which thus it absolutely was not in the slightest degree counselled for this
exception and uses unguided Media varieties.
• The unguided media varieties have the propagation of magnetic force waves from the
supply to destination it will be either with the assistance of Ground propagation
wherever the propagation is about to the atmosphere i.e. between the region and earth
surface.
• The distance travelled by magnetic force waves depends on the facility of propagation.
• Another way of propagation by unguided media varieties is by Sky Propagation
wherever the electromagnetic radiation contains a higher frequency that gets radiated
up within the atmosphere with relation to the road of sight additionally within the image.
• It is an awfully clear incontrovertible fact that in contrast to guided media unguided
Media kind makes use of air as a transmission media rather than wire or cable so coined
as wireless transmission media.
• No use of any physical medium for transmission.

3 sorts of unguided Transmission media are as follows:

i. Microwave Transmission
ii. Radio Transmission
iii. Infrared Transmission
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 1. Microwave Transmission
Microwave transmission contains associate degree nonparticulate radiation having a
variety of frequencies about (1-300GHz).
Propagation of magnetic attraction waves concerning sight is one-directional that doesn’t
enable any intrusion.
Once the transmission medium faces one another then the communication between 2
endpoints and line of sight becomes contour to determine any association.
Above the 2 purposes area unit cited as supply point from wherever the wave gets generated
then the antennae receive the ultimate transmission within the destination finish that is
termed as receiving finish.
Characteristics of Microwave:
• Frequency varies: The frequency range of terrestrial microwaves is from 4-6 GHz
to 21-23 GHz.
• Bandwidth: It supports the information measure from one to ten Mbps.
• Short distance: it’s cheap for a brief distance.
• Long-distance: it’s dearly won because it needs the next tower for an extended
distance.
• Attenuation: Attenuation suggests the loss of signal. It’s full of environmental
conditions and antenna size.
• Related post: MSBTE Software Engineering (22413) Diploma Micro Project
Two classes of microwave Transmission area unit as follows:
• Terrestrial sort Microwave Transmission
• Satellite sort Microwave Transmission

Terrestrial sort Microwave Transmission:

Terrestrial sort Microwave Transmission each antennas area unit mounted for the signal
transmission on each transmittal and receiving sides with the propagation of the microwave
that is generally used for telecommunication over the air.
Satellite sort Microwave Transmission:
Satellite sort Microwave Transmission possesses the electronic wave that gets transmitted
by supply and is a magnetic attraction in nature that possesses some supply containing the
transmittal antennae for amplifying the supply wave i.e., a proof and rebroadcasts to the

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receiver antennae. GPS (Global Positioning System) is one among the most effective
appropriate applications for Satellite sort Microwave Transmission.
Satellite Microwave Communication
A satellite may be an entity that revolves around the earth at an illustrious height.
Satellite communication is additional reliable today because it offers additional flexibility
than cable and fiber optic systems.
We can communicate with any purpose in the world by victimization satellite
communication.
How will Satellite work?
The satellite accepts the signal that’s transmitted from the planet station, and it amplifies
the signal. The amplified signal is retransmitted to a different earth station.
Advantages Of Satellite Microwave Communication:
• The coverage space of a satellite microwave is over the terrestrial microwave.
• The transmission value of the satellite is freelance of the space from the center of
the coverage space.
• Satellite communication is employed in mobile and wireless communication
applications.
• It is simple to put in.
• It is utilized in large types of applications like forecasting, radio/TV signal
broadcasting, mobile communication, etc.

2 Radio Transmission
Radio waves are terribly low-frequency magnetic force waves that vary from ‘3KHz to
1GHz’.
Once the radio waves are thought-about terribly low-frequency waves then they need the
power to urge penetrated inside the walls by receiving signals even though somebody is
within the building.
This feature of radio waves prevents you from uninflected communication within and
outdoors the building.
The radio emissions get propagated towards the Sky mode and ar position which implies
the supplied transmitter whereas transmission the radio wave within the sky and that they
get mirrored from the sky that gets the signals received by the receiving antenna.

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There is a serious drawback related to Radio Transmission that’s being positioned in nature
the radio waves face problems like interference if another transmission antenna is causation
a sign with identical frequency or information measure.
Applications Of Radio waves:
• An electromagnetic wave is beneficial for multicasting once there’s one sender and
plenty of receivers.
• An FM radio, television, conductor phones are samples of a electromagnetic wave.
Advantages Of Radio transmission:
• Radio transmission is principally used for wide space networks and mobile cellular
phones.
• Radio waves cowl an oversized space, and that they will penetrate the walls.
• Radio transmission provides a better transmission rate.

[Link] sort Transmission

Infrared sort wave is that the highest frequency wave that is employed for a variety from
300GHz to four hundred THz.
The infrared transmission is usually used for communication between the supply and
destination with several the stipulated vary.
Infrared transmission is that the high frequency that can’t be used for penetrating the wall
simply however differentiation still exists.
There aren’t any {ways ways that ways in that} or probability of any quiet interference
which comes at the time of accessing the tv or the other wave-oriented system.
Waves obtaining emitted get received by the tv so the action is performed on the idea of
constructing the wave behave additional sort of a light-weight ray.
As the frequency of the magnetic force waves gets visible and additional it behaves
additional like lightweight.
The most unremarkably used example of infrared transmission that we have a tendency to
come upon is to create use of operative AC, or the other electronic convenience.
The remote system makes use of magnetic force waves that get raised to move from the
electromagnetic wave towards the sunshine.
Infrared-type waves are thought about as a way more secured kind of unguided
transmission medium.

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Infrared sort waves are robust as a result of it doesn’t have any probability of sniffing or
spoofing or say any unwanted activities and extremely less probability of vulnerable
attacks.
Thus, it’s not needed to create any license for all the above-named unwanted activities at
the time of victimization of these infrared sort waves for transmission.

Characteristics Of Infrared:
• It supports high information measures, and thus the information rate is going to be
terribly high.
• Infrared waves cannot penetrate the walls. Therefore, the infrared communication in
one space can’t be interrupted by the near rooms.
• An infrared communication provides higher security with minimum interference.
• Infrared communication is unreliable outside the building as a result the sun’s rays can
interfere with the infrared waves.

1] Bluetooth:

Telecommunications: Bluetooth is widely used in the telecommunications industry to

provide wireless connectivity between devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
This technology allows users to transfer data, such as pictures and music, between devices,
making it a more convenient option.

Manufacturing: In the manufacturing industry, Bluetooth is used for machine-to-machine

communication. This technology enables real-time monitoring of machines, improving
efficiency, and reducing the risk of downtime.

Healthcare: Bluetooth is used in the healthcare industry for remote patient monitoring.
This technology allows doctors to monitor patients from remote locations, providing better
care for patients who are unable to visit hospitals or clinics.

Efficiency: Bluetooth is efficient in transmitting data because it uses radio waves to

transmit information. This technology provides a high data transmission rate, and the signal
quality is good because Bluetooth does not suffer from attenuation, which is a common
issue in guided media.

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2] Wi-Fi:

Remote Monitoring: Wi-Fi is used to remotely monitor equipment and machinery,

allowing for real-time data analysis and proactive maintenance.

Asset Tracking: Wi-Fi is used to track assets in a warehouse or manufacturing plant,

providing real-time visibility of inventory.

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Process Control: Wi-Fi is used to control industrial processes, ensuring that they run
efficiently and effectively.

Communication: Wi-Fi is used to enable communication between workers and teams on

the factory floor or in the field.

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3] RFID Device:

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) devices have many applications in industries,

from manufacturing to logistics to retail. Here are some examples of how RFID devices
are used in different industries:

Manufacturing: In the manufacturing industry, RFID devices are used to track the
movement of raw materials and finished products throughout the production process.
RFID tags can be attached to individual parts or components, making it easy to monitor
inventory levels and optimize supply chain operations.

Logistics: RFID devices are widely used in logistics and supply chain management. They
can be used to track and manage the movement of goods, from shipping containers to
individual packages. RFID tags can be used to monitor the location of goods in real-time,
reducing the risk of lost or stolen shipments.

Retail: In the retail industry, RFID devices can be used to manage inventory levels and
improve the shopping experience for customers. RFID tags can be attached to individual
products, making it easy to monitor stock levels and quickly restock shelves. They can
also be used to track the movement of products within a store, making it easier to manage
the shopping experience for customers.

Agriculture: In the agriculture industry, RFID devices can be used to track and monitor
livestock and crops. RFID tags can be attached to individual animals or plants, making it
easy to monitor their health and movement. This can help farmers optimize their
operations and increase their productivity.

Construction: In the construction industry, RFID devices can be used to track the
movement of equipment and materials on job sites. This can help contractors optimize
their operations and reduce the risk of lost or stolen equipment.

Overall, RFID devices provide a convenient and efficient way to track and manage assets
and inventory across a wide range of industries.

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4] Walkie-Talkie:
A walkie-talkie application is a type of mobile application that simulates the functionality
of a two-way radio communication system. It allows users to communicate with each other
using their smartphones as if they were using a real walkie-talkie.

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Walkie-talkie applications typically use the Internet to transmit voice messages between
devices. They work by converting voice messages into data packets that are transmitted
over the Internet, and then decoding the packets on the receiving end.
Some popular walkie-talkie applications include Zello, Voxer, and Two Way. These apps
are commonly used for group communication, such as for team coordination during outdoor
activities, events, or emergency situations. They can be especially useful in situations where
cellular networks or traditional communication methods are unavailable or unreliable.

5] Mobile:

A mobile application can be considered an unguided device in the context of wireless

communication. This is because mobile applications typically use wireless technologies,

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such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular data, to communicate with other devices without the
use of physical cables or wires.
When a mobile application uses Wi-Fi or cellular data to communicate with other devices,
it is essentially transmitting data over an unguided medium. The data is sent through the
airwaves, without a physical medium to guide the signal. This makes the mobile application
an unguided device. Unguided devices, including mobile applications, have some
advantages and limitations.
The main advantages of unguided devices are their ability to communicate over long
distances and their mobility. However, unguided devices can also be vulnerable to
interference, signal degradation, and security risks.

1. We have discussed with team members and guide about proposed title then we have
done collecting required information for this project.
2. After that we have worked for collecting required materials and tools from websites,
books and we can refer computer from collage and notes. Then the system was
developed using technologies such as, HTML, CSS, JS and MySQL. PYTHON-
FLASK, HTML and CSS are used to build the user interface and database was built
using MySQL.
3. Then we can go for printing work of the micro project after that we have done for
submission work of the project.
4. We have used idea pad LAPTOP-L84NS6E5, 11th Gen Intel(R) Core (TM) i5 WITH
INBUILT WINDOWS 11 Operating system of @ 3.20GHz INTEL Pentium Core
processor with i5 technology computer (PC). Lenovo desktops and all-in-one PCs are
designed with innovative technology and the latest features.
Windows Configuration: - Windows 11 Home Single Language
5. Then we have done collecting required information from many websites and YouTube.
6. We have worked on Visual Studio Code Software for creating a website on E-commerce
Gaming Component shopping.
7. We have done input the code in Visual studio code and get the output as we were
expecting.
8. Then we have done printing work of the project after that we have go for submission
work of the project.

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 6.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr. No Name of Specifications Quantity Remark

Resource/material
[Link]/ms-word-
tutorial

[Link]
[Link]/wireless/wlanwifi/wi
1 WEBSITE 04 --
fi_architecture.php

[Link]
t/802/[Link]
[Link]
2
INBUILT GOOGLE CHROME,
02 --
SOFTWARE BROWSER
3 OFFICE
SOFTWARE MS WORD OFFICE 2021 01 --
PACKAGE
4
Device name - LAPTOP-L84NS6E5,
COMPUTER 01 --
Processor - 11th Gen Intel(R) Core
SYSTEM
(TM) i5, Installed RAM - 8.00 GB
5 01 --
Edition Windows 11 Home Single Language

7.0 Skill Developed / learning out of this Micro-Project

▪ To automatize the work such as gathering information, gathering information of
device, and in general.
▪ To atomize different types of reports.
▪ To get to understand real life application purpose and uses
▪ To create a centralized system where all necessary data and information can be
accessed easily.

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 ▪ The objective of this microproject is to explore the different unguided media
devices used in industry, their specific applications and benefits, and the
challenges associated with their use.
▪ Leadership, Good Listening, Good Speaking, Critical Thinking
▪ Any Problem solves in Group.
▪ Time management
▪ Complete work in time

8.0 Applications of this Micro-Project

▪ Unguided media, such as wireless LANs, cellular networks, satellite communication,

Bluetooth, radio and television broadcasting, and Wi-Fi hotspots, have various
applications in modern communication for transmitting data without physical cables or
wire.
▪ It is used in a wide variety of applications such as weather forecasting, radio/TV signal
broadcasting, mobile communication, etc. it is very simple to install.
▪ Reducing loss.

Weekly Work / Progress Report …

Sr. No Details of activity Planned Planned Name of responsible team

start date finish date members
1 Proposal preparation November November ▪ PRASHANT PATIL

work. 11, 2022 16, 2022 ▪ KARAN LATAYE

▪ VICKY GAUTAM
2 Discussion with team November November ▪ PRASHANT PATIL

members and guide 16, 2022 23, 2022 ▪ KARAN LATAYE

▪ VICKY GAUTAM
about proposed title.
▪ DEVENDRA MESHRAM
3 Collecting Information November November ▪ PRASHANT PATIL

required for this project. 23, 2022 30, 2022 ▪ KARAN LATAYE
▪ VICKY GAUTAM
4 Collecting required November December ▪ VICKY GAUTAM

materials and tools for 30, 2022 2, 2022 ▪ KARAN LATAYE

▪ DEVENDRA MESHRAM

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 project. ▪ PRASHANT PATIL

5 Preparation work of the December December ▪ KARAN LATAYE

project. 2, 2022 7, 2022 ▪ PRASHANT PATIL

6 Printing work of the December December ▪ KARAN LATAYE

project. 7, 2022 12, 2022 ▪ VICKY GAUTAM

7 Submission work of the December December ▪ PRASHANT PATIL

project 12, 2022 14, 2022 ▪ KARAN LATAYE

▪ VICKY GAUTAM
▪ DEVENDRA MESHRAM

CONCLUSION

▪ The planning that goes into implementing a project.

▪ The importance of proper planning and an organized methodology.
▪ The key element of team spirit and co-ordination in a successful project.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

There are several potential future developments that could occur in the field of unguided
media, including:
5G networks: The development of 5G networks is expected to bring faster speeds, lower
latency, and increased capacity to cellular networks.
Internet of Things (IoT): As more devices become connected to the internet, unguided
media will likely be used to transmit data between these devices.
Virtual and augmented reality: Virtual and augmented reality applications require high-
speed, low-latency communication, which could be facilitated by unguided media.
Mesh networks: Mesh networks are decentralized networks where each node acts as a
relay for other nodes, allowing for wider coverage and more reliable connectivity.

………………………………………………………

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