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VBT Postulates in Atomic Transitions

This document provides answers to tutorial questions about chemistry concepts. It discusses: 1) Ordering hydrogen atom transitions by frequency of absorbed light. 2) Determining maximum electrons and orbitals for various quantum numbers. 3) Writing electron configurations for atoms using noble gas abbreviations. 4) Comparing the bonding and bond order of carbide and acetylene ions using molecular orbital theory. 5) Drawing molecular orbital diagrams and determining strongest bond and magnetism for CN+ , CN, and CN- species. 6) Explaining the trend in increasing boiling points for alkanes, alkyl halides, and carboxylic acids based on intermolecular forces.

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12 views3 pages

VBT Postulates in Atomic Transitions

This document provides answers to tutorial questions about chemistry concepts. It discusses: 1) Ordering hydrogen atom transitions by frequency of absorbed light. 2) Determining maximum electrons and orbitals for various quantum numbers. 3) Writing electron configurations for atoms using noble gas abbreviations. 4) Comparing the bonding and bond order of carbide and acetylene ions using molecular orbital theory. 5) Drawing molecular orbital diagrams and determining strongest bond and magnetism for CN+ , CN, and CN- species. 6) Explaining the trend in increasing boiling points for alkanes, alkyl halides, and carboxylic acids based on intermolecular forces.

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afifi
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© All Rights Reserved
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TUTORIAL CHAPTER 2 ANSWERS

a) Order the following transitions in the hydrogen atom from smallest to largest frequency of
light absorbed: n = 3 to n = 6, n = 4 to n = 9, n = 2 to n = 3, and n = 1 to n = 2.

The order of increasing frequency of light absorbed is: n = 4 to n = 9; n = 3 to n = 6; n = 2


to n = 3; n = 1 to n = 2

b) Determine the maximum number of electrons in an atom that have the following quantum
numbers. Specify the orbitals in which the electrons would be found.
(i) n = 2, ms + 1/2
(ii) n = 4, mℓ = +1
(iii) n = 3, ℓ = 2
(iv) n = 2, ℓ = 0, ms = − 1/2
(v) n = 4, ℓ = 3, mℓ = −2

(i) 4e: An e in a 2s and an e in each 2p orbital.


(ii) 6e: 2e each in a 4p, a 4d, and a 4f orbital.
(iii) 10e: 2e in each of the five 3d orbitals.
(iv) 1e: An e in a 2s orbital.
(v) 2e: 2e in a 4f orbital.

c) Write the condensed electron configurations for the following atoms, using the
appropriate noble-gas core abbreviations:

(i) Cs
(ii) Ni
(iii) Se
(iv) Cd
(v) U
(vi) Pb

(a) Cs, [Xe]6s1


(b) Ni, [Ar]4s23d8
(c) Se, [Ar]4s23d104p4
(d) Cd, [Kr]5s24d10
(f) Pb,[Xe]6s24f 145d106p2

2-
d) Acetylene (C2H2) has a tendency to lose two protons (H +) and form the carbide ion ( C2 )
which is present in a number of ionic compounds, such as CaC 2 and MgC2. Discuss the
2-
bonding scheme in the ( C2 ) ion in terms of molecular orbital theory, then compare the
2-
bond order in ( C2 ) with that in C2.
e) Based on the following species CN+, CN, CN-,
i. Draw the molecular orbital diagram.
ii. Determine the species with the strongest C-N bond.
iii. Determine the magnetism of the species.

f) Explain the trend in increasing boiling point of the following molecules:


1. Explain the trend in increasing boiling point of the following molecules.
Compound Boiling point (oC)
CH3CH2CH3 -42
CH3CH2CH2Br 71
CH3CH2CH2OH 97.0
CH3CH2COOH 141.2

g) Rank the following substance in order of increasing boiling point. Explain your answer.

CH4, CBr4, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, CHBr3, CH2Br2

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