Compression member
AS PER IS 800:2007
By Neelam sharma
Calculation of strength of compression
members
GIVEN : SECTION, L, End conditions,
1. Determine the properties of the given section of
compression members from Steel Tables(SP 6-1)
2. Determine the buckling class of given section from
Table-10 of IS 800:2007 pg.44
3. Calculate the effective length (leff)of the given
compression member depending upon the end conditions
from table-11 of IS 800 pg. 45
4. Calculate the slenderness ratio(λ)of the given member
along the axis having minimum value of radius of gyration.
λ=leff/rmin
6. Determine the design compressive stress(fcd)
corresponding to the slenderness ratio λ and the buckling
class (step-2) from the tables -9a,9b,9c ,9d of IS 800:2007
7. Calculate the design strength(Pd) of the given section
Pd= [Link]
where Ae is the effective sectional area
Note: [Link] tension members, compression members are designed on
the assumption that its gross cross-sectional area will be effective in
resisting loads.
2. for built up compression members, the moment of inertia of
tis calculated using the parallel axis theorem and properties of the
single section. The radius of gyration of built up member is then
calculated
r= √I/A
Problem: An ISHB 400 @ 806.4 N/m is to be used as a column 3.5 metre long
with both hands restraint against rotation and translation. Determine the design
axial load on the column. Assume fy =250N/mm², fu =410N/mm²
Solution: Given ISHB 400, L=3.5m
[Link] of ISHB 400 @ 806.4N/m from steel tables
A= 10466 mm², h=400mm, bf =250mm, tw =10.6mm, tf =12.7mm
rz =166.1mm, ry =51.6mm
[Link] class calculation (table 10 of IS 800)
h/bf =400/250=1.6 > 1.2 and tf=12.7mm ˂ 40mm, hence the buckling class is
‘a’ along Z-Z axis and ‘b’ along Y-Y axis
[Link] length (table-11 of IS 800)
Both ends restrained against rotation and translational , K=0.65
[Link] ratio λ=leff/rmin rmin =ry =51.6mm
λ= 0.65X3500/51.6 = 44.09
[Link] compressive stress
For λ=44.09 & buckling class b & fy=250N/mm², ref Table 9(b) of IS 800 pg 41
fcd = 200 N/mm²
6. Design Axial load on column
Pd=Ae X fcd = 10466X200
= 2093.40X10³N or 2093.4kN
Problem 2. Fig shows a builtup column section consist of ISHB 250@500.31N/m
with one cover plate of 320x20mm on each flange. The column has an effective
length of 4m and its one end is fixed and the other is hinged. Find the design
compressive load, if fy =250N/mm², fu=410N/mm²
Solution: 1. Properties of ISHB 250 @500.31N/m
A= 6496mm², Izz=77.365x106mm4, Iyy=19.613x106mm4
rzz=109.1mm, ryy =54.9mm
let us calculate the properties of built up section
Ae=6496+2x320x20=19296mm²
by parallel axis theorem
Iyy=19.613x106+2x20x320³/12 = 128.84x106 mm4
Izz=77.365x106+2{320X20³/12+320X20(125+10)²}
=311.07x106mm4
hence Iyy ˂ I zz and the column will buckle in y-y direction
2. Buckling class (ref table 10 of IS 800)
the buckling class for built up section is class ‘c’
[Link] length (ref table-11 of IS 800)
K=0.8 for one end fixed and other hinged
leff =0.8x4=3.2m
4. Slenderness ratio for calculating slenderness ratio first calculating least
radius of gyration
ryy = √ Iyy/A = √ 128.84x106/19296
=81.71mm
λ=3200/81.71= 40(app)
5. Design compressive stress for λ=40 and buckling class c refer table9(c) of
IS800:2007
fcd =198N/mm²
6. Design compressive load Pd=Aex fcd =19296x198
Pd=3820608 = 3820.6kN
Steps for design of compression members
Given: Pu, L , end conditions
1. Assume compressive stress in the member as follows:
❖ for rolled steel I sections the slenderness ratio varies from 70 to 90, so design
compressive stress may be assumed as 130 N/mm²
❖ For angle struts the slenderness ratio varies from 100 to 130, so design compressive stress
may be assumed as 90 N/mm²
❖ For built up members carrying heavy loads the slenderness ratio is generally small(30-60),
so design compressive stress may be assumed as 150-200 N/mm²
2. Calculate the effective sectional area required based on the assumed compressive stress
Areq=Pu /fcd
3. Select a suitable section from steel tables to give required sectional area. Note down the
properties of the chosen section from steel tables
4. Determine the strength(Pd) of the chosen section as explained earlier , if Pd > Pu then the
design is OK. But if Pd ˂ Pu then revise the section and redo the steps.
Problem: Design an angle strut connected to a gusset plate to carry a
factored load of 180 kN. The length of the strut is 3m.
Solution: Given Pu=180kN L=3m
[Link] design compressive stress in the strut as 90N/mm²,
2. The area required is calculated as
Areq= 180000/90 = 2000mm²
[Link] ISA 90 90 12 from steel tables having
A=2019mm², rmin = rvv= 17.4mm
[Link] Class from Table10 of IS800
for angle section the buckling class is ‘c’
5. Effective length assuming that the strut will be connected to the gusset
plate by at least two bolts
KL=0.85x3000= 2550m
6. slenderness ratio
λ= 2550/17.4 = 145.55
7. for buckling class C and the slenderness ratio 145.55 the design compressive stress from
Table9(c) of IS800
fcd =66.2N/mm²
[Link] load carrying capacity of the section (Pd )
Pd=[Link]
= 2019x66.2=133660< 180000
hence redesign the section hence trying ISA 130130 8 having A= 2022mm² and rmin as
25.5mm
slenderness ratio=2550/25.5= 100
Design compressive stress from table 9(c) is 107N/mm²
Hence Pd=[Link] = 2022x107
=216350> 180000 hence OK the section is safe. Therefore provide
ISA 130130 8 as compression member
Thank you