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Graphing Simple Reciprocal Functions

This document contains 10 multi-part math problems involving reciprocal functions and their graphs. Each problem involves sketching graphs of reciprocal functions, describing transformations between them, finding points of intersection, asymptotes, and solving equations. The problems range in difficulty from ** to **+ and build upon each other, involving increasing levels of transformations and combinations of reciprocal functions.

Uploaded by

Ayan Dualeh Year 11
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23 views26 pages

Graphing Simple Reciprocal Functions

This document contains 10 multi-part math problems involving reciprocal functions and their graphs. Each problem involves sketching graphs of reciprocal functions, describing transformations between them, finding points of intersection, asymptotes, and solving equations. The problems range in difficulty from ** to **+ and build upon each other, involving increasing levels of transformations and combinations of reciprocal functions.

Uploaded by

Ayan Dualeh Year 11
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Created by T.

Madas

SIMPLE
RECIPROCAL
FUNCTIONS

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 1 (**+)
The curves C1 and C2 have respective equations

1
C1 : y = , x≠3
x−3

1
C2 : y = −3, x ≠ 0
x

Sketch on separate diagrams the graph of C1 and the graph of C2 .


Indicate clearly in each graph any asymptotes and the coordinates of any intersections
with the coordinate axes.

C1P , graph

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 2 (**+)

y
4
y=−
x
O x

The figure above shows the graph of the curve with equation

4
y = − , x ≠ 0.
x

a) Sketch the graph of the curve C with equation


4
y = 2− , x ≠ 0.
x
Indicate clearly the coordinates of any points of intersection between C and the
coordinate axes.

b) State the equations of the two asymptotes of C .

C1L , x = 0, y = 2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 3 (***)
The curves C1 and C2 have respective equations

1
C1 : y = − , x ≠ 0
x

1
C2 : y = , x≠2
x−2

a) Sketch on separate diagrams the graph of C1 and the graph of C2 .


Indicate clearly in each graph any asymptotes and the coordinates of any
intersections with the coordinate axes.

b) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection between C1 and C2 .

C1A, part (a) only , (1, −1)

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 4 (***)
The curves C1 and C2 have respective equations

1
C1 : y = +2, x ≠0
x

1
C2 : y = , x ≠ −2
x+2

a) Sketch on separate diagrams the graph of C1 and the graph of C2 .


Indicate clearly in each graph any asymptotes and the coordinates of any
intersections with the coordinate axes.

b) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection between C1 and C2 .

C1C, part (a) only , ( −1,1)

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 5 (***)

2
y=
x

O
x

The figure above shows the graph of the curve C with equation

2
y= , x ≠ 0.
x

a) Describe the geometric transformation which maps the graph of C onto the
graph with equation

2
y= , x ≠ 0.
x−2

b) Sketch the graph of the curve with equation

2
y= + 2, x ≠ 0 .
x

Indicate clearly the coordinates of any points of intersections between the curve
and the coordinate axes. State the equations of the two asymptotes of the curve.

[continues overleaf]

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

[continued from overleaf]

c) Show that the x coordinates of the points of intersection between the graph of
2 2
y= and the graph of y = + 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x−2 x

x2 − 2 x − 2 = 0 .

d) Hence find, in exact surd form, the x coordinates of the points of intersection
2 2
between the graph of y = and the graph of y = + 2 .
x−2 x

C1O , translation, 2 units to the "right" , x = 1 ± 3

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 6 (***)
A curve C has equation

1
y= , x∈» , x ≠ 0 .
x2

a) Sketch the graph of C .

b) Sketch on separate set of axes the graph of ...

1
i. ... y = +1 , x ∈ » , x ≠ 0 .
x2

1
ii. ... y = , x ∈ » , x ≠ −1 .
( x + 1)2

Mark clearly in each sketch the equations of any asymptotes to these curves and
the coordinates of any intersections with the coordinate axes.

MP1-N , graph

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 7 (***)
A curve C has equation

1
f ( x) = − , x∈» , x ≠ 0 .
x2

a) Sketch the graph of C .

b) Sketch on separate set of axes the graph of ...

i. ... f ( x − 1) .

ii. ... f ′ ( x ) .

Mark clearly in each sketch the equations of any asymptotes to these curves and
the coordinates of any intersections with the coordinate axes.

MP1-U , graph

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 8 (***+)

1
f ( x) = , x∈», x ≠ 0 .
x

1
g ( x) = +1 , x ∈ » , x ≠ 1.
x −1

a) Describe mathematically the two transformations that map the graph of f ( x )


onto the graph of g ( x ) .

b) Sketch the graph of g ( x ) .

The sketch must include …


• … the coordinates of any points where g ( x ) meet the coordinate axes.

• … the equations of any asymptotes of g ( x ) .

c) Solve the equation

g ( x ) = x −1,

giving the answers in the form a + b 5 , where a and b are constants.

translation "right" by 1 unit, followed by translation "upwards" by 1 unit ,

SYN-H , x = 3 ± 1 5
2 2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 9 (***+)
A curve has equation y = f ( x ) given by

1
f ( x) = 2 + , x≠1.
2x −1 2

a) Express f ( x ) as a single simplified fraction.

Consider the following sequence of transformations T1 , T2 and T3 .

1 T1 1 T2 1 T3 1
→ →  → 2+ .
x x −1 2x −1 2x −1

b) Describe geometrically the transformations T1 , T2 and T3 .

c) Hence sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

Indicate clearly any asymptotes and the coordinates of any intersections with the
coordinate axes.

d) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of f ( x ) and the line y = 3 .

SYN-J , T1 = translation, "right", 1 unit , T2 = horizontal stretch by scale factor 1 ,


2
T3 = translation, "upwards", 2 units , (1,3)

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 10 (***+)
Consider the following sequence of transformations T1 , T2 and T3 .

1 T1 1 T2 1 T3 1
→ − → −  → 2−
x x x +1 x +1

a) Describe geometrically the transformations T1 , T2 and T3 .


b) Hence sketch the graph of
1
y = 2− , x ≠ −1 .
x +1
Indicate clearly any asymptotes and the coordinates of any intersections with the
coordinate axes.

c) Solve the equation

1 1
2− = .
x +1 x

SYN-U , T1 = reflection in the x-axis , T2 = translation, "left", 1 unit ,

T3 = translation, "upwards", 2 units , x = ± 2


2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 11 (***+)
Consider a sequence of geometric transformations T1 , T2 and T3 which map the graph
1
of the curve with equation y1 = onto the graph of y2 .
x

T1 : reflection in the x axis.

T2 : translation in the negative x direction by 2 units.

T3 : translation in the positive y direction by 2 units.

a) Show that the equation of y2 is given by


2x + 3
y2 = , x ≠ −2 .
x+2
b) Sketch the graph of y2 .
Indicate clearly any asymptotes and coordinates of intersections with the axes.

c) Solve the equation

2x + 3 2
= 2+ .
x+2 x −1

SYN-W , x = −1

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 12 (***+)
The curve C1 has equation

2
y = − , x∈», x ≠ 0 .
x

a) Sketch the graph of C1 .

The curve C2 has equation

y = x3 − 3 x , x ∈ » .

b) Sketch the graph of C2 .


The sketch must include the coordinates, in exact surd form where appropriate,
of all the points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.

c) Find the x coordinates of the points of intersection between C1 and C2 .

C1A , x = ±1, ± 2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 13 (***+)

1
f ( x) = , x∈», x ≠ 0 .
x

1
g ( x) = 2 − , x ∈ » , x ≠ 0 .
x

a) Describe mathematically the two transformations that map the graph of f ( x )


onto the graph of g ( x ) .

6
h ( x) = , x ∈ » , x ≠ −2 .
x+2

b) Sketch in the same diagram the graphs of g ( x ) and h ( x ) .

The sketch must include the coordinates of …


• … all the points where the curves meet the coordinate axes.
• … the equations of any asymptotes of the curves.

c) Solve the equation g ( x ) = h ( x ) .

SYN-Y , reflection in the x axis, followed by translation "upwards" by 1 unit ,

x = − 1 ,2
2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 14 (***+)

2
y= , x∈», x ≠ 0 .
x

1
a) Describe mathematically the transformation that maps the graph of y = onto
x
2
the graph of y = .
x

2
b) Sketch the graph of y = .
x
Write down the equations of the asymptotes of the curve.

The straight line with equation y = k − 2 x , where k is a constant, is a tangent to the


2
curve with equation y = .
x

c) Determine the possible values of k .

C1Z , stretch, vertically, by scale factor of 2 , k = ±4

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 15 (***+)

1
f ( x) = , x∈», x ≠ 0 .
x

1
g ( x) = + 2 , x ∈ » , x ≠ −2 .
x+2

a) Describe mathematically the two transformations that map the graph of f ( x )


onto the graph of g ( x ) .

b) Sketch the graph of g ( x ) .

The sketch must include the …


• … coordinates of all the points where the curve meet the coordinate axes.
• … equations of any asymptotes of the curve.

c) Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of g ( x ) and the line with
equation

3y + x = 8 .

MP1-Y , translation "left" by 2 units, followed by translation "upwards" by 2 units ,

(1, 73 ) , ( −1,3)

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 16 (***+)

4 x − 13
f ( x) = , x ∈» , x ≠ 3.
x −3

a) Show that the equation of f ( x ) can be written as

1
f ( x) = 4 − , x ∈» , x ≠ 3.
x −3

b) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

The sketch must include …


• … the coordinates of the points where f ( x ) meets the coordinate axes.

• … the equations of any asymptotes of the curve.

c) Solve the equation

3
f ( x) = ,
x

giving the answers in the form a + b 7 , where a and b are constants.

SYN-R , x = 2 ± 1 7
2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 17 (***+)

1
f ( x) = a − , x∈», x ≠ b ,
b−x

where a and b are positive constants such that ab > 1 .

Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

The sketch must include, in terms of a and b , …


• … the coordinates of the points where f ( x ) meets the coordinate axes.

• … the equations of any asymptotes of the curve.

SYN-P , graph

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 18 (****)
The curve C1 has equation

a
y= , x ≠ 0,
x

where a is a positive constant.

a) Describe geometrically the transformation that maps the graph of C1 onto the
a
graph of C2 whose equation is y = + 1 .
x

b) Sketch the graph of C2 .


The sketch must include the coordinates of …
• … all the points where the curves meet the coordinate axes.
• … the equations of any asymptotes of the curves.

The line with equation y = x intersects C2 at the point A ( −2, −2 ) and B .

c) Determine …
i. … the value of a .
ii. … the coordinates of B .

MP1-R , translation "upwards" by 1 unit , a = 6 , B ( 3,3 )

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 19 (****)
The curve C has equation

2x + 3
y= , x∈», x ≠ 2.
x−2

a) Show clearly that

2x + 3 7
≡ 2+ .
x−2 x−2

b) Find the coordinates of the points where C meets the coordinate axes.

c) Sketch the graph of C showing clearly the equations of any asymptotes.

d) Determine the coordinates of the points of intersection of C and the straight line
with equation

y = 7 x − 12 .

( )( )
SYN-M , 0, − 3 , − 3 ,0 , (1, −5 ) , ( 3,9 )
2 2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 20 (****)

1
f ( x) = , x∈», x ≠ 2.
x−2

1
g ( x) = 1+ , x ∈ » , x ≠ 0 .
x

1
a) Describe mathematically the transformation that maps the graph of y = onto
x
the graph of …
i. … f ( x ) .

ii. … g ( x ) .

b) Sketch in the same diagram the graphs of f ( x ) and g ( x ) .

The sketch must include …


• … the coordinates of any the points where the curves meet the coordinate
iiii axes.
• … the equations of any asymptotes of the curves.

c) Find as exact surds the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graphs of
f ( x ) and g ( x ) .

MP1-L , translation "right" by 2 units , translation "upwards" by 1 unit ,


 1± 3 
1 ± 3, 
 2 

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 21 (****)

x−2
f ( x) = , x ∈» , x ≠ 3.
x −3

a) Express f ( x ) in the form

1
f ( x) = a + ,
x+b

where a and b are integers.

1
b) By considering a series of transformations which map the graph of onto the
x
graph of f ( x ) , sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

The sketch must include …


• … the coordinates of all the points where the curve meets the coordinate
iiii axes.
• … the equations of the two asymptotes of the curve.

a = 1 , b = −3

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 22 (****)
The curves C1 and C2 have respective equations

1
C1 : y = , x ≠1
x −1

3
C2 : y = 1 − , x ≠ −3
x+3

a) Sketch on the same diagram the graphs of C1 and C2 .


Indicate clearly any asymptotes and coordinates of any intersections with the
coordinate axes.

b) By finding the intersections between C1 and C2 , and considering the graphs


sketched in part (a), solve the inequality

1 3
+ ≥ 1.
x −1 x + 3

−3 < x ≤ −1 ∪ 1 < x ≤ 3

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 23 (****)

3x + 3
f ( x) = , x∈», x ≠ 2.
x−2

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

The sketch must include the coordinates of …


• … all the points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.
• … the equations of the two asymptotes of the curve.

b) Solve the equation f ( x ) = 2 .

c) Hence solve the inequality f ( x ) ≥ 2 .

SYN-F , x = −7 , x ≤ −7 ∪ x > 2

Created by T. Madas
Created by T. Madas

Question 24 (****+)
A curve has equation y = f ( x ) given by

3x − 1
f ( x) = , x∈», x ≠ 2.
x+2

a) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) .

The sketch must include the coordinates of …


• … all the points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.
• … the equations of the two asymptotes of the curve.

A different curve has equation y = g ( x ) given by

1
g ( x) = + k , x ∈ » , x ≠ 0 , where k is a constant.
x

The graph of f ( x ) meets the graph of g ( x ) at the points A and B .

b) Given that A lies on the x axis determine …

i. … the value of k .

ii. … the coordinates of B .

SYN-O , k = −3 , B ( −1, −4 )

Created by T. Madas

Common questions

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Solving \( \frac{2}{x} = \frac{1}{x+2} \) leads to \( 2(x+2) = x \), simplifying to \( x = -4 \). This common solution indicates the intersection point of the graphs and is essential for understanding the transformation effects, such as translations or scales altering graph positions while maintaining specific crossing behaviors at solutions derived from equalities .

The graph of \( y = \frac{a}{x} \) for a constant \( a > 1 \) results in a vertical stretch of the basic reciprocal function \( y = \frac{1}{x} \) by a factor of \( a \). This stretches the curve away from the x-axis, increasing the rate at which y-values reach extreme magnitudes (both positive and negative) away from zero .

The curve \( y = \frac{2}{x} - 3 \) has the x- and y-axes as asymptotes after transforming from \( y = \frac{2}{x} \). There are no x-intercepts since the function never equals zero for any real x. The y-intercept occurs at \( x = 0 \) which is undefined, but if analyzed logically, the nearest defined y-values are as x approaches zero, resulting in large values from negative to negative infinite range .

The transformation from \( y = \frac{1}{x} \) to \( y = \frac{1}{x} + 2 \) involves a vertical translation upward by 2 units. The graph of the basic reciprocal function \( y = \frac{1}{x} \) is shifted upward by adding 2 to the function, altering the equation to introduce a vertical shift without affecting the asymptotes' positions .

Adjusting the constant 'a' in \( y = \frac{a}{x+b} \) affects the steepness of the hyperbola. Larger 'a' values create a more stretched out graph, increasing values' magnitude away from the origin. When 'a' is negative, it reflects the graph across the x-axis, inverting its position while maintaining symmetry for similar x-values .

The transformation from \( y = \frac{1}{x} \) to \( y = \frac{1}{x+2} - 3 \) involves a horizontal translation to the left by 2 units and a vertical translation downward by 3 units. The leftward shift moves the vertical asymptote from x = 0 to x = -2, and the downward shift moves the horizontal asymptote from y = 0 to y = -3, while the overall shape of the hyperbola remains unchanged .

\( y = \frac{1}{x^2} \) differs from \( y = \frac{1}{x} \) by having both branches in the first and second quadrants of the Cartesian plane. The function is always positive, never crossing the x-axis, and has a steeper, symmetric approach to the origin. Additionally, it approaches zero faster as \(|x|\) increases, showcasing different invariant properties due to the even power .

The graphs of \( y = \frac{1}{x-1} \) and \( y = \frac{1}{x+1} \) are hyperbolas that each have a vertical asymptote at x = 1 and x = -1, respectively. Their shapes mirror each other with respect to the y-axis. Intersection points can only occur when their transformations - translations horizontally - allow for solutions to \( \frac{1}{x-1} = \frac{1}{x+1} \), suggesting symmetry can yield no intersection depending on specific solutions derived algebraically .

To find intersection points, set \( \frac{1}{x^2} = \frac{1-x}{x} \). Solving gives \( 1 = x(1-x) \) leading to the quadratic \( x^2 - x + 1 = 0 \). This has no real solutions, indicating no intersection points between these graphs because the discriminant (b² - 4ac) is negative .

The equation \( y = \frac{1}{x-1} + 1 \) represents a horizontal translation to the right by 1 unit and a vertical translation upward by 1 unit. The effect is moving all points of the original graph \( y = \frac{1}{x} \) to reflect this repositioning, resulting in new asymptotes at x = 1 (vertical) and y = 1 (horizontal).

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