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Water and CO2 Phase Changes at 1 atm

The document is a discourse assessment for a General Chemistry 2 group. The group members are STM29 for the lower half, Martinito John Patrick Eldwin, and Jan Ralph Recto, Nicole Francine B. Yanga. The assessment contains 6 guide questions about phase changes of water and carbon dioxide at different temperatures and pressures based on their phase diagrams.

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Jan Ralph Recto
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20 views2 pages

Water and CO2 Phase Changes at 1 atm

The document is a discourse assessment for a General Chemistry 2 group. The group members are STM29 for the lower half, Martinito John Patrick Eldwin, and Jan Ralph Recto, Nicole Francine B. Yanga. The assessment contains 6 guide questions about phase changes of water and carbon dioxide at different temperatures and pressures based on their phase diagrams.

Uploaded by

Jan Ralph Recto
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

General Chemistry 2

Discourse Assessment
Group members:
STM29 - lower half
Martinito, John Patrick Eldwin
Recto, Jan Ralph
Yanga, Nicole Francine B.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. At 1 atm, how many phase changes can water exist at different temperatures? How
about carbon dioxide at 1 atm?

- At the level of 1 atm, water can undergo three different changes due to different
temperatures, which are steam or water vapor at temperatures above 100°C,
(liquid) water at temperatures between 0°C and 100°C, and (solid ice) at
temperatures below 0°C. On the other hand, at 1 atm, carbon dioxide only
underwent two changes which are solid at temperatures below -78.5°C and gas
which are at temperatures above -78.5°C.

2. Why water as it increases its pressure at lower temperature after the triple point has a
negative slope?

- The negative slope of this line in the water diagram illustrates that the melting
point of water lowers as pressure increases. The increasing pressure disrupts
some of the hydrogen bonds in the water to keep it from freezing. Additionally,
less heat is required to melt ice at higher pressures. Melting occurs when the
pressure and temperature of ice exceed the triple point. Therefore, the pressure
and the temperature of the water rise.
3. Carbon dioxide point B to O explains what type of phases is in equilibrium?

- Solid-Gas is the phase type in equilibrium between points B and O. The phase
that occurs in this curve at the triple point is solid to gas, which is in a process
known as sublimation, as shown in the phase diagram, which makes it evident
that at point B, the origin of the diagram increased to point C at 5.1 atm.

4. At what atm can liquid phase of a carbon dioxide will exist?

- Knowing that the temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure P equals 1
atm is the boiling point of a liquid under normal conditions. It is only possible for
the liquid phase to exist in carbon dioxide at a pressure higher than 5.1 atm,
where it condenses into a new form that is the liquid state.

5. At 1 atm, water with negative temperature will exist in what phase?

- Pure water has a freezing point of 0oC. Hence, water with a negative temperature
will encounter the solid phase. As depicted in the water phase diagram, water
with a negative temperature at 1 atm will crystallize and ultimately convert into
ice over time.

6. At 5.1 atm, carbon dioxide in 5oC will exist at what phase?

- According to the carbon dioxide phase diagram, the 5oC carbon dioxide will be in
the gas phase as it passes through the triple point when 5.1 atm of pressure is
present. As the temperature rises at 5.1 atm, molecules will enlarge and inflate,
converting them into gas.

Common questions

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At 1 atm, water with negative temperatures will be in the solid phase as ice. This indicates that once water drops below 0°C, it freezes, showing that under standard atmospheric pressure, water's phase transition from liquid to solid is unavoidable unless other means, such as supercooling or pressure adjustments, are applied to inhibit crystallization .

The negative slope on the water phase diagram indicates that as pressure increases, the melting point of water decreases. This is because the increased pressure disrupts hydrogen bonds, requiring less heat to transition from solid to liquid. This behavior is distinct from most substances where increasing pressure raises the melting point, highlighting the unique molecular structure of water and its hydrogen bonding .

At 5.1 atm, carbon dioxide exists as a gas at 5°C. This is because it exceeds the triple point where CO2 can only exist in equilibrium as a solid or gas, not liquid. This reflects the stability of gaseous CO2 above its sublimation point where pressure and temperature conditions overcome potential transitions into the liquid state, illustrating CO2's preference for gaseous form under moderate atmospheric conditions .

For carbon dioxide to exist in the liquid phase, the pressure must be above 5.1 atm. This requirement affects its applications as CO2 must be stored and transported at higher pressures to remain a liquid, influencing industrial practices like refrigeration and carbon capture where high-pressure systems are necessary to stabilize CO2 as a liquid .

The condition from point B to O in a carbon dioxide phase diagram represents the equilibrium between the solid and gas phases, illustrating sublimation. At pressures below 5.1 atm, carbon dioxide does not become a liquid but directly transitions from a solid to a gas, bypassing the liquid state. This reflects the unique thermodynamic behavior of CO2 under typical atmospheric conditions and the specific pressure and temperature requirements for liquefaction .

At 1 atm, water can exist in three phases: solid (ice) below 0°C, liquid between 0°C and 100°C, and gas (steam) above 100°C. This demonstrates water's wide range of phase changes due to the hydrogen bonding that affects its melting and boiling points. Carbon dioxide, at 1 atm, only exists in two phases: solid below -78.5°C and gas above -78.5°C. Its inability to exist as a liquid at this pressure highlights the linear nature of its sublimation process and the limited influence of intermolecular forces compared to water, emphasizing differences in molecular interactions and thermodynamic properties between these substances .

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