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15 views37 pages

Untitled

Uploaded by

Prachi P
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© All Rights Reserved
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Yale 7 |= |_ 3) o\]o3)2023 Elementary Matrix Operation Re sAiocluchem to Matix? Delexxminant Solulian to Linear eqhs. i Cramer's Rule ; a __»), averse ae eee ee tesmornhisny tori lyous | 8), LU decomposition (Crout's cnethed) r ee mes using tools ¢ sdjachia noes oe akix) flies genweckies “__ Linear dependence <é independence {Eigen vedo ee ee LCasjery= Harn Hen these & Siveste’ 5 Theorem Ne rae Space lector Space, Sub 3} Wak Bence ene el fons a te ee cee ean besclemn i eee = | ce es ag dm bk kexn ull space) ¢f near rsforenal:, Ranges ena Jineor tea make ier Ranft ole + 02]03]2023 oduct Space L al Tener produ space e neros ; se five ares Nesom at Gclhogenalizalion process se Bas an ies} : ‘di 2 cage a ae | oe ces)- i doi near eras eee pokgeet Sah = Si and_¢t onal a + = [Ag A =Lriokrix df edoctor] = a ji 5 —— 2 za a Free Unitas) eae aia x Opérahon +t 51-8! — operations of raohuces 5 wake angler aay bers. that ee cr ne Pe Seri. 4 i Rites oa - __ clournns - Seek apes aes is“ enxn a -odd [aub~ the ‘roaltices aust beg sa te — |_| dose? and “then eee sub React al =} Qa Gee 222 an | aibeaes B £ Peedi ee ce oa 2 cr =4 eg dem —} ron ee aS S.. t— ; Cad Ce “then adjoint of {A”is o_o is “J —; ra of ond 18 deinad as. a i =6 + dco-petor J” +— ” A. a) Fird edith ch cede : fe a oe Ne a i a2 @ 5 a 4 SG Bethe dont 8 ; va[s f3h Pelee ya 2 seat eae I a I ' - ar Soa La al colddcdaneGyi}s 2p ==! Pe —pasezfs a sT ae-fa 3] i on on a ‘Cbd on can fs fa fF = are = - — "| Mult: fe tsi pit the i equa) tone. ie Of roatax B- Srubtelication ch reales = es 2 nabeices. Soy [Link] Bis possible a wumbex of. odlourn of makix Ais Cede Senxry? ond _Ps_ is [Link]‘nxp’ Athen, LAT Jom [8 lowe = yacfis = 1A eI xp I 7 ate [iB eel a : E 215). 8 ie 34 ee hs - —e (ee B=} -{ -8 so | 5 = fats -21] 4 5 SG Ucn S| SLO. ra plea a eee ef 2a-3h=]2 -4 G f=" a Spars) ah) - le or. a is chsoncdthal AG#RAL * +, _ —— paint — -2 =. ta: fea Hpr_se 2] aan js i SieGe i & : =3 5h =a a ad ; o teh rau = nid somite : fos ale Woe sity -34 i 2 au hee] | i t rome! t wo Lette = Tas aha LAcis Ya a I 3 S Java ” L © a, 2a 7 en 2: | le -' 151.) 7 he al ie mayo ff} oT ots Tea fia 1 | es. i a aes ie. = = 155 = = [29] Red she seoyarors ch Fin, mnaliices, Let A = (aj __the gelorminart a AW is ginen- by; dct A he ml = (once) = fonaa) O22: Ck ete aa 5 2h (k-2)= 0 ko & Ro ee 3 “ty aa oe : is on giNen. mahix. then ah a 5} 31 (= Jeo it | She=| se Fal (a. 2p! am pe a4 en es 1 fe tee st eee = 38+20+n. Be fae}eafest at 5128 12-40 3 =I Solution of Lined: Equation by, Deleminant = Ionsidese sthe Jimeate <6). “@ anestliy = . = @ at bry = C2 |Abone eg’ is lso known as Syskinn cf, Linear 9” [hich has tuo unknown’) 05) 2025 | sete ae eh | We eon eed ars a | = 2-3-4 at pelle, Yat Ble 33 | es | a 5 oO | 2a ee yaa Wh Oe | Hence. Geg)=C4,=2) isthe solu" af guien eqn ee ee oA 1 — 7 Skgpht To Find the un! 5 Ysa os oo st : ——| Se = = 0 | = \Sclution of, Syston of Linecte Homogentaus et a bo dm ~——— | by Cramer's Rule = ge tye oS = SL _ ~~ ~ Nh ta - ic aie Consider [Link] cf. Linear hacnogencus. One+ 24032 =O 5 bit bays baz <0. cuct Cay + Zz Dy dats weue above 9% can be sclved by: using Cromars Rule o: Ft eee ls af) fl m 7 | eg) Salve the follow syskem = Mt Qa = Bk = OS Dig a Wades he 20 Gyn + 3k 2 + Qk Quy =O! pall Now, by using Cramer sulle we can save ob Telos eid =u ie Sh te = Age ee 2 Sea 1 = feat i! Pisa) a2 2 Sacer ea eee 42 esac — [rs Gans 1D iglGras oy F f= , nd ee Fei_lineode MOn-homagencus System the 4 igs al YSEMN_“the Cramer's x he He ls Be esoyeetyaua-O [sale is same os. debdxminan} sale yay 22 =O =} Mather Ny gata i ee yl — a Use Gamers Rule to solve the Jollowi eon Tigre ue hove to find 3 unknown, oa boxes : Siechie-t vast =2 ect ee Pike na Lo apply. Cramer. sulle cse- have ts sclech Dest Bvot Seat Neu= 2; ret seat Qv34 hey > | ‘soe _pom the chove_syslerr 2 eo Sore ay, SS Sf ey = ee) ef ¥ pide Seip dee Nec ee 3 pe Sie yu ee a oC” i: I jo | = -____ | 2 ee | = 3 aa ees aes alates: Bua Ga ll se 2 _ 1 tae al Busch oh A alos [ccna ae ) Tefal ele otha, Avie soa Aaa lig =|0r = bo bo py Loire 4 TT yy Hy i [>| Pree! TB) PEEP ER rte rer oy = MpYNN Li iy — babe wake T Here aang Ek f b | Ibu Dole +0Ale:}2028 ee eae S va aepeee ooeee e= Se - | aa ad 1Al 2 > Frvese Malkin = => Smose d, Mabe by Adjoin! Mdhed + “Here we tan find inverse of Makix A bi adjcict A lay adjoist endthod a8 follow; | _AsNSt Ady a + 1A. _ —f1Al + othe and only then. A” eraisis Pel Find the “inverse_by adjoint method Ld A by given malay. + Stena To ithe delouminartt of 4 3 3 are | T ee ! yy at 7 Hence A“ exis!s os lal #0 We have 47 = Adi 4 Sen lA} ry Slen2 : To find Adjoiat 4 We kenow thal Adj A= Concliix of coca] tl ==7 ;cfielons (1) 1.322 3. Glador ow =¢ a ei a3 Gpcdor-oza= (=I) hee ° rG@pdecoa=Ci ha) = =a 2 \a lcfector asi 1S" fea | i" Le | factor aa2= (=) (3| 3 = 3; Cofatloraas corn a}= =! ese the Malin. = ce — Suet [Fd ose oh ‘6 As Pea é| . ae | Sie CR |= 1 Hindle cle ff ole oes St Bet as Rad the delorinarit of As oo te es a check if A= AT geno E acim a a or = ee nei. \ “3 4 eis = cca lea 3) 4 ane eep-c) + [Sep i Delouninart al A: — rence lat evist oS Altar 7 a ne =s 4 a ae == 51624-1u4 - E i ls = 20 ____| Siena! Fir pA ARES : J = RR stress pie oP jabra he fh = SSran8h. -Sispa-Te find the adjoirtt ofA i: i —— fans ar asi). (sino) | = = sinQ r [ita peas s -361 A136 -E3 -3¢ po Pad a= [ee] -4 =i : ca Mh St.8. AGA + Al st esl as Pi +824. 1 | =f 4b | ee ihe I and logl Bade clone “8 a sibu 74 Mole ~cales}2023 Unil-2 Molix AlgeiSa. = work ofa. Malin Ques: Find eae follow ™attix ae Rina Cf nOn- 28roHS: Sxa8S IOAN _upp§ -—— |g =f =a = by ® esiongulcr makix. 8 knowns Rank. Rank oq} ——_| Sone = aT enoiie is deno kd by SA) ee _Procedunre = bet —— se find the sank we hove fpllouing,. procachire ——, ; _ ~Fcenside the Molix A ah Gxkex “nxn” then} ‘Ske ees bid 1 oper Seianguleh cadhin by seaduce this maltix A in upper Piangulos: enoki, fF _| 3 ae aocicn = i= ong using. elementary sohi rans }etnration = | > R-2R = a ees = ‘ a Ru * R= 2k > G) qi), Fi fleasces Moltix I A ; rc = if on is 1 i | eo + 1 G Hae e tz AGF on 15 Li then easier to cde) Bee yy 11 ean ae) ir “ ea a, 5 ee ii be 2 3 1-3 ee| ee we 25 | — pep 282 a) o -4 1-5] . ea = ae roan | l ; LAE Seow [Link] Qs | | Rs = > @ 5 ream upper Riongulcdr coat by | IL ae cae . ey a aS re ee a ‘in J ea —} = 38 SG SS a ee ee i i" 4 t Qo =242 =2-) “rel © © -3 -I| Tissier Pas TL an 1-2 seal oo = 3) ——| be Ass naib 22h 22-2 | ae ta Po , is tae gessici | Me) = ase GG) 4 =F = t—— \ palate G3 es dol 2G BB AO Ru Rue | me -@ ITT, Oj 343 44] col oN 2 tS [oy asa a 2-2 en Find. the _Rank os of Moltix- See Re lates GI 2 Sy Pu voc. be nea |g $5. Wie fy aia be upper Hiacgulode Maltix jaa eS ae RRR a> Ser a Pe a ees: ees z Ce |) (Clon Sula os il-2 1s Ms Lo das ee Ranked, Matix A(S¢a)) = 252 — See005 “Now in above Peangulate mabsis, A0-qh none 28r0. fae = Bale 7 Mlos/2023 = Gaussian Elimination :- Skpi) Considor the givensystrn cf eguolions and Desk bin cae en Goes 1 Gkp2) Werk ougmenkd mattix c= [Ais } Skp3) Reduce the: Maltixc into upper Hiangulos. S Matix by rou ftanelgemahan only kept) The [Link] unknown canbe found by back a ~aubssittion makix atskp 1. L 9) Sdve tthe fell. sysleon_feq? bay gaussian dimiralien Sepyniee = Sty Saee 5 xc Se 1S — |Skp1) Above syskro can he ufailtenin enakix Jorm AX= Rae Combination Matix: axe | convert into square Makia by adding the zerath: IK ond gnoke th txt motix- bt 4 _-t Ses a OO Le teat 1 Skp3)_Conved inde upped: Raangulad:. mattix ty Osis me} Efe). Convert to upber Pianguldt: Maltix ee Oa PR elt hes Medal. ge ; Sais ——}—¢ = oh See ea ff + - 253 joa Iau by. Gaussian Method: — ae Be za the, ebwyehe IG, “ebay +32 5) qystenns “Shpt) Wasa the gi os Ei 4G |'Skpa) Louk ee augmenkd Mohwix _Comert into a aquare radix by adding ZOO 1 2b -20 al Bp fia a Bip (Al a Oy —| a a Q OR D8 EO Sey Ry ies Peano : Ra Q,- Pry, 1 Re Rat oR, eel Lees 25 -2 Ri. ~_} 9 = a2) 4 Ro ce it 21.3. Ry Lo 2 ° Oke Ry peo ao" Re tia Sim tolS) a i eee iu 7 | ~ oO \ RAG 2. 2° 14-28 = a Oster best, Skph) Gack Racking ren =H i] Oe 3 bh yu} Sol og EO rag kOe L 2 ~23 Qs hy=Q2—~I4 _—@ yrd2= 9 —@ Lh2 = 228 => Cza=2) y=35 2-1) |) Dake | 1s]o3/2023 => Crouts M4 bie soaks LE ower Rong Hence this rnethod ope widedtco Seon) “upper faangulody roaix «5 sis. known aS LU_ decorrpes ig Jack that exe, | be _expressed_as_the edt g ——S~ “Qué Sclve the follow. by Consistency method es) Siete zea) Set ly tz = 90 4 de =SytiO2=3 “axep) Above sys cam be cfilten_in_makkix cern SEEBE te Xe me) j-8 2 te 7 peewee 2 = 20 3 dia a= —@ Gab, T Soe eee = Zant. flor gL heath eit uf ee “a ESS y See a eR =H tt S| 21 Aautatda2 Jauagt top ues a aa to PEt, ana laa sata ua tte Alor equaling, dhove Mahiices we get, a= 5g Sh cba iD eae Bing = Rares ee dete 4. es 75 Jauatha=4 2 Jas- 41% > Joa = 775 z XFaa = Yo j Mase Yo » altos 14 Ue ¥, chew ¥ is y - | — pa ge ea I ® fae _ Pe Sas yartsar 31-7 Nawe “eg G ] por schieg- cove cf oy chih |e Javan Beata aleg = 10, => 77a a { SoG os hr sdaeg ch ee ee Ts hd i cases Sogre nG . he-alues cf 8 of 6c} a. a ee Sep) Now, pul pee ye fe oo a — * Die ae Tx at_Ux=¥- poe fees i a Sab 6 ios ——— Wis Sk. a eae = i ee ee Gi [y= at ee uate se. les =i 3 | Theraore ‘the Nolue of u abn y= 62 3G) ang Gail Meth C Jen USING, i} "| Gave the fellow sys! “ Maal zs oe Qasyitz= th kt Sys Tz (5p 3c Ally+132 ~25 i = 3 cf }— “| 6 -s io! =14 aga ink the gun Mai em { o 5 0 = =i REE! Sierste 1S sats Skept). Rock Trade = iS ane j 8 IB x Sa i augmenka Matrix a | ° -5 -15 = bie 1 aoce Ean SS lo, od % aot 7__| Fes ie ss a “aa Sate sr yt 7 26tlaas a ye = seine — a a Th this cose Ich [2 =k] =8y-1OR= -14 ® : ya 1d tok fs Lazick Se B(1d-ioh) A 7e = 15 = 15 = 7k -19 +10k don 3k =4) e Re 2 SG Rs > Rz-3R) S@® using Crout!’s Methed ana + the lowing Guest the Oe on ae sy su |i S 1S —# 2 Bethy12 <5 'okpo) tua 1 | Sep. had Se a } ie ua ka eae =} Jara ‘| ee rane: wow ot] —_ Tie : See eee | = Il aa tS ~ | Jar ataia Hea — Jauisdleates | z BaP ihe I Ase Day2+J32. a aa | yes ese 2x08). Now pub u in ea @> Lux = 8. —G) okpe) Now; tek Ux= ¥ —=@© Salesilt ey © in ins = Vs = See, = UM TR we ~——asaitenss LS yee | Sout ts Yauast a= |, Pen Se eo |—ond Cae Ss 3 - a 26, La us ” fio hey i i [3 ae” if es [2] ts See 93 7 . Sgn chs peal Zal I Wir kya = S; Ses i Suit Qya Ryan 1; =% is —_ vide PY ina G Zs 1% %a P| Se Ys | oon tial “Ved fy =) 2% _| ee ere oe kt gysts = 4 weer ase =} oak en al ech ea yd | yA) phere lud | | és on a Raton paz — be aigaqs eats [ee I as ee a alert a ce Method. £ ove the followsus 52) ety +> a), °| Ske) Now pul Ld U in eg —, £13; axt5y+22= “Tal My Lux= & =e S96) Now, tet xe Y= © Substitule <9” © in eq” LY=8 ~ jt i, a Ts eas ‘ 13 SSS Es Yo Fa | Tus 14 = | : = a) aga = fa $24. ya 10543214 > bead) ay eae i. Wet ities Joa. | aS a a Sf Dy) atau —Jaytist based [ + | Now, cubs he eof Yi oe eke Tel pi i 1 ae ease “an bas toe ; Sees. % = Le) = yell 2-45. i ns SST neh ao | oo my — i ee => ge [y-2)_ ll . ge LO) 43 ec el 7 eee el 3 cae a = 4 fee Cu ye) ase) Date + rifos]2023 Prachice SS eke | 4), Fol Ranke Jag ai Sai the ae Matix a lecpl pe tbh = Th peg aoe eval fame tg utes = be 4 ae 2 att | T-2noie cities 2 iC aa ve, oT L 8 i? ti = | __Sleps) Conner the given: Mabibeinis-uppar Pianguled: FT OU ou owl Mabie loy_ Sou Pans |@annaficn + ___ ee RR; ROR > AAA, : R= HOR, ; Mo Rt RO ms ie , ! a {2} es Brey L. a Le cere R. Rank = 3) a | eee Ons Cys. BiGat We goals = b. »)| Find . [its J Sakae | a antes 1 Jallow mal eaoh @ —=Td me ies Sern Qe sh é a arg th BSL sam _ | Ro 28-9, | A> 3Ra— SR 2, SRY “BR, = “= | CA salen Sine Fae a —— | el ee L Be NG - fi o 4 IQs “19 yt fared M oO 4 12 3a 21 b-se, 1 Ra fs ~ Ra ‘a Re Palle via o/h = gt. [nly s Bmalrc! i wt o 4 vie 719 [Rack= 2 ——— | G 8 OG a. =e : = I Oy Mh = Gn Cnaeigis slay - * t a) 5; ; a " — a2 =i [ae a m4 an Qe Gy 4 82 =D: Get hy. 2; Se ty f : eee Seat) Goethe syskm ala trol ——_ Stpt)_ri the sysken. inks wok a roe ef} 24 I ede -' J 54 Se eee [ laud _Ronk A= RankC <0 TE There|cee_the suse hos infinie solu? Step) Sol es fy S a al = Qo. 9° Zl a fe ri ies fe in TREE Jem es LUlnite the augmenkd Mabrix c. -Laisd P Sx+3yr 7224 , I2y=l2 = a ah ee ae eas Let_2=k _ - eae = 8 3 alt Q 2s) =3 y= gaaik ; er p= 38] — 12) _ Sheps) Gnvert the Mabrix A_inlo upper fiongular eis =2¢si) > 4tRl= aaa “= [s=snk=ah ae = neous | meer TA shows that given: salu® is in shoe here Kis constant aha contains, infil ae a oe .z)_hos infirsle solu System_has_i iste) Find the Rank of Matrix Adc Rank A = 2 Rank co =2 Rank A= Rank ; thereder syst iS as rr ) “4 2 a aero Ste ae 2) Detoxmnine fe ; Oe A= Bonk c= pane) Dekoxmine $e coh val ae > ns |@_No sdu®_ ed wa. AL ee «haw Teese a = Rat ie alloys fl sa fet yt2 6 3} 4244 82210 | x 24.49 = i —f 4 “thesejia_syskm fas infil es -has_infirle ool? —_— : ae sed yskern_inlg_p SS ee. Quae aulion = ai for Ad 3 =? Rook AaB — eG [pe coy ache “again; Nod. unknost o Hence > Rank A-="Rank ¢= Rack 90: ees ma beme sy6. uniquigh ani § — ee Daeme ol ahs Ciops 4 a ~s = ~ =e varile - a }e OugQ) a aS 5g. Hew | ects Dakss an , a fees comet paobix. A in\ousperRtiangilar -. aR Ru A REARS B sped abla oe ae oO -2 -4 j3e:50 | : ate a=3_—> RoR Aa po & Ren eRe oh qo = 10. => fonk <= i al ta cnsal, tit Os ray ae a f fo =| =>, 3b-4a__| =< fo oe again No cf Unknoun (9) = = 7 icine O ai VeeGbs3e, =. oT Hence) Rank A= Rank cg Je ee i 4 rank A= 2d Bonk <= 5 a ee 2 ge ro rode i aoe hos Zook selun no atten fout_if coe put 4 a | = i =O) = axebsc =! Paced = - ait bl zs <8) rt E 22 Fetal thd pea Ta shea tnt guon ash lu? oe uD. boy aybshilult at bezics3 eae 3 i Hs Se) ara lz PTE ee ee a | a | _ ot _ | 1Stepa) Comet inlo_vpper tiongular Mabri | 5 E. I ie = a | —| alee os _ ____ The _chenacleaslic_ epieimalese ce led _by Dale + at}ou| 202 ‘Diagondlisalion of Matric 2 —> Choraclenislic qualion - ft lat a is acd Tenax, where ais “any Scolex | Dis F Lidenki a _rmatix. = [The _deleminant of this mabeix if eg | 2e0_ ie [A= ar |! =O [this eg? is krown as chetvaclenishe equalig al , 4 —~ "| Biaaiagegeaa EE Q,,ra,As: a pees Seale i Aatber. 4 aa B Po) dxa the eigen vdues Ea TMalix A; then Ca? 22a AD) Leigen velies AY aoa “all XT on i (e( eaatrix A is called nodal mattix ie: collection iver) ciger_vectdt in olin fen is called Lp lam Aloe ans Modal _nol8ix- Eger sclics 4. Eigen verb = lS. ee a 4 The sacts of the charackozishic ef gs) Find the Eigen. igen Necthef Medal Matix Ulett soe, Ms “called eigen ch e Eterna . i chonackiishc sols & Jalen = Cia) 2 A Eigen Nalues odo denokd by Ne Cease LCA, 2a, da, = a) Th. 3 dua + _ Eigen Neck: - Now conaday the eg?. The chdxacleristic_eP iS ven by, [A= atl=o — Gra) es, on —| 220 “chin Neck ie 7 . ree weal OP _ 2 se ile =O ___ | ThIS Ned x ja ; s 2243. a ee a —Shitoclogshic veckd ote ties sce ae Se ‘= pS eseeetiog lo sgen sede tz. eof ee ya -u [=o aa i | oe ae [oohinsgt Sede oeie a. pecs | ase - ~— (8a) |>?-1004 5} 4.6 Ga-10) 42 (1oraa) a lan= ~300+40= +102 =e aGA= GO+L044y MS, oo? ts Gee = 2+ 18% =S3a-4S2a= 0 os tu eae Gea=4)- Gra=2) G22) 1 = a 98 = Ra? + WR O os at Lt —TFtherjore Joe A=O ae gat xe - TE a(t ia Su 8) “peat A ek ——T ore 4 9 [3 A=O dr 22-181 45 =O haz pat Bin, Si Soria Thereloet g A=(0,3,15)) one —- a ise : 3p sri Petal, ue FT @ wi yea. See A ° 2 Bot =f a Xs. ale ot sthe_systn oh -suahons. pe Me ror fol _ = Gro 42ea= se tac: =9 Se oe aa hen =Q = Z Pe = os |Sebuing 4 ‘the ayskmn_equolin by Cramers rule 5 Aga y if, ~= R-1 Sere He eS 2 et ats pos ec | & iss ees wi = Ae = a= 4 > Dividing the ee 448 denominalct by & 7 a nay a cae te ae = sat G23), Ge) 53) —| 8x, =6) ; [24-——- Therdpre Poms gx ={1 . palling a= 1S ino @ rate - NE ee emer ee alee Gs : -4 -124 Ls, o E ' ea _ We gd =the sl of = g-Gea $2 =O, == Bie lnea =O; De ohyca 1230 | — = P —eanieg-the siphon o of by Cramers-Rule: ee = Ma _R 2st Shin “G4 | ae a ik envecléré modal snaltin. Fiies._| Find ‘the Eigen values, Sig _ eae i ae lee ati ee Ca at 2 © bees : foie 2 12! es! The chavactosstic <9. is given by, [A-at |= | a's SiS. jG Loo | =a 26 eit) (pal Puce (oC oweceeeuaa iE mr - Qrr+Qhap*=MP+IQathasi2 +9439 -O > = IP DPQ tH =O x Pe xX MAR -II%- 45 =O —— oa JEL as : ee i pe We gel the syskragh_@? Now, ce have the value qh x, x22 Tes 82ka-Ba =O; dnt = bia Gee =O 21-22 Sieg GS Hence the modaliieaattris oI = a at 4 © ledhicgthe sygkm d, Dividing the dennis |= | oe ef | a a eS by & — | __ culo tis alae usc ei " 1 2: | Thereore Yor a-Si we ga Y= Es ne ig 1 ad. eth .-__a [a aie a 0; Cca= 2) .Ceael) “hh 7 1 as | @ putting 22-3 ine @® i i 4 Hl 1 ioe acAoiling (E= s-e ale cas i te Fie eee : Dee e Ta : Shin SBbsew 3b tess badd eb GA Dsiof=o _ Bn? = la130 = ady T= loa =O — _=r2+ 102% = 3)At2O =O _ . Ddstonteala = 30 -G ot 4 [2 a2 5.3.2 [therefore a~(9,3,5) are the | We get the syskra_of ea at Rea= Bs “O Or, stave Gia =O, ~161-ea4t Sica = = aot E aa Cons ie. L vequired eigen values of malrix A ss fe eah eal al ne Now, to Sind agen veri corsidine the fgllow: <9” | oe CAD Kee Qdoba papel at xa - a= 3° oS on xs SAG AB Cana) jGr20) ; Cesc) eS ale Hlacive these eg ory by Cramer's A other_methad 7 te get Sunkrou we & patting r= 2 sie 1 a 14 [pm O26 G6} ke} = © @ 0 3 je \ale get the cystm eq”. Cask b¥3= 0 Diagonalisation of, mMakix :- Let Abe any square mnakix and Bj jah eoahix then the dliagood! Jorn ola A;-can found bb [BLA 8 = DI Diagend enix) Find the. fe naghiix:B: ccfsrespandirg to rok oe See joond_ erty tha B A@= oD : | the ¢ Joushc_ eq 15 Given by, la-ar|=0 Ses ie , Gk3_£O 4 3¥a= 0 Cx, 20). 5 Cia #0) 5 Ge320) ee ~< Therdore A=.2, vse get X= [e| oe fa (e260 5r Cee): (ey =a) S 2 {55 putting n=3 on eP@ es aed ‘ ae E = tue Ie a Sy ai] ad We get the syiemicf @P Laan Mat bya =6 7 -ka+Grs=O , | one =O = Ccs=0) ; Ga £0), :1Gu"6) d Gash) : 9 eis Therdare A= 3, ce get ws a of i) 2a) (Q-a)= 6 =G_ ‘ a ane Q-A=2atn sGa@) > 22-3,-4=Q @® pulhng a= 5 in [Link]- P4A-4a-4=0 belie eh a S is a . aaa aban sbi q oe ee ae =e, eS OES Xs] ae Qe ashes =O 5-35 eGyeto x2= 2p jEetsmep = a tof; 364 i Thereforec Pt 25 tye ga eff us _ oer ae as C4,-1) asthe = mK ure eigen values nat cix A Now, to find cigen Schiele aema —(A=a AO fe ata pepe ft 2 | 20 =i Ba cashes i es a Efe peo = 3eitQea "© i pom tel ess = Qa tence, the Modal MaBix is. oR 3p} ae Be fo 0 -e% : e °° 3 = ® te Near ~ Swe Que Pots en Therelpre ; ae ee et peu tt ; allele aoe | Now te sien! Ta ag ic oe af eet = ey aah ip @G é a a ia een aor | 2} j= — ; as : q 8 ia ee 3 | ce ITs: _— fk = sale ani 2 a | = Ebabast acid tl Gi 2). Cea =3) aif There }[Link] eogen sects xen ee epi ae th poe a prea “Coe ss es TT igen dues ote the'same, ee ery = nL gmc age Teno eee Dv Cue SF S-CE Dei te) ye [As both the eqs axe Same Joke ralio ‘ = sis - 12-86, = Jic..0 Pt am L z 9 ~8 lo —us | if : | oe stapes essence | it 2 Ga=3)- L — ee igeegea | = ‘ ee 7a paella tains 2 & cae Shes ad esky Ba Q=D chee A ee re arlene Ae _ __| Gute =O £ iat eo Gu teal AS Inet the eS [Link] _teRe ratio - = [oype Ge ke Sv Ger 1) |" (a=-6) te) See G pole 06/044] 202 —> Cayley Harnitten Theorenn ee Pras be =O A CQ tte d=o eee vdeo SoCo ee, Every square Moltix salisfes. it's own_characlous Qo: Tt means if Sr given mmatix A we have the characteushic be BA tase ag =O =24+Gn> Sp +10% a 23-Gardh HB =O 7 rA2=Gn*+9r -4=0 -hofs 5 > =: 2 J Koma. oe mr Nowy by Zayley Ham lon Theoren ce have ke replace x _by_A;. A®GA%9A-U=0 > @ To Nerily Cayley Horilion we hove to satishy n°@. => oo 0 As e@_is_salisfied the Coyley Hamillon — Theorern. iS_solisfied i 2 y 6-5 5 To find a mulliply ef@ by A” JASON) = ISU 3-1 | oe adhe CS: CASA 8A wor} = AC) hash Bealibal atte 5-5 & A? NA+ 386- GOA” ae = Bena Ala S| = A, CA*nas382) q5 Besa Sronam =] eee va A(@.A)= (6-5 5 | {2-1 Jag -21 2) SeGe ean acetate 2 8 3.56 at ay 2) 22. Now, Substiluk value of, ALAS in QI@) then evoress, Aaa Teta men es - oa ea ___ las of @. is sols fied _the Cayley =i salistied 5 | To. Find At coulis at by At | a SSR? anieET) = Lact= ais =5 5] 22 { 5 6 -5i/=e [+ 2 - ea teaen oe hee

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