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Traffic Analysis of Traffic in The Wonokusumo Road

City of Surabaya
Triantoni ,Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko , M Ikhsan Setiawan
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Study Program
Narotama University Surabaya, Jl Arief Rahman Hakim No. 51 Surabaya
triantoni5758@[Link], [Link]@[Link], [Link]@[Link]

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the traffic congestion that occurred on the Wonokusumo road in
2020. This study uses a method that refers to the calculation of congestion rates. In accordance with
observations in the field on roads with 2/2 UD type two-lane road - two directions are not divided, with a road
width of 6 meters for a total of 2 directions with shoulder shoulders 1 meter each on the right and left. The
facilities on these roads are not fully equipped with traffic signs such as (no stops, no parking, no speed limit).
The highest average daily traffic volume on these roads from 07.00 - 18.00 is 1606 vehicles / hour. The most
dominant motorbike type of vehicle passes the road section. From the analysis of the level of congestion
conducted obtained results, the side barriers on the road are categorized as moderate (M) by 396 events / hour.
Congestion occurs because of crowded activities and vehicles reduce speed and stop beside the road. This
causes the service value on the road section is D shows that the vehicle flow is obstructed, the speed is low and
the volume of the vehicle is above capacity. Therefore the role of the government is very important to reduce the
level of congestion that occurs and motorists are more orderly in carrying out activities on these roads. This
causes the service value on the road section is D shows that the vehicle flow is obstructed, the speed is low and
the volume of the vehicle is above capacity.

Keywords :
Average Daily Volume, Field Observation, Traffic Jams.

1. Introduction
Congestion is a result of the growing need for transportation while the need for providing transportation
facilities and inadequate road infrastructure so that the infrastructure does not function as it should. This is also
found in the city of Surabaya, the characteristics of the use patterns in a variety of patterns can cause traffic
generation, indiscipline of drivers, large vehicles driving at low speed, accidents and parking in any place.
Boediningsih, (2011) states that, "traffic jams occur due to several factors, such as many disorderly
drivers, road users who go against the flow, lack of traffic officers who supervise, the existence of cars parked
on the road, uneven road surface , there are no crossing bridges, and there are no restrictions on vehicle types. "
The number of traffic users who are not disorderly, such as street vendors who sell by the side of the road,
illegal parking and road users who go against the flow. This lack of traffic control and public awareness in the
city will cause traffic jams.
The occurrence of congestion is the imbalance of the existing traffic network, the accumulation of
several types of vehicles ranging from bicycles, motorbikes, cars, box cars, trucks, buses and other public
transportation on a road that causes inhibition of the city traffic network.
The purpose of this analysis is to find out important information such as traffic jams at the location of the
incident. The results of the study can be utilized by government agencies to improve the traffic transportation
system and for road users to be more disciplined and wise when using motorized vehicles in road traffic.
Based on these considerations, in order to obtain accurate information, it is necessary to conduct a
research on identifying the location of traffic congestion, which is located on the Wonokusumo Road in
Surabaya. Overall research uses numbers (levels) of congestion with data that represent conditions, potential and
characteristics of the place. The results of this study are expected not only to be the location of traffic jams, but
this research method also identifies the best so that later it can be used as a common reference for implementers
and if there are innovations of new methods and do not deviate from civil engineering studies.
In this study, the road section to be examined is on the Wonokusumo Surabaya road, this road was
chosen because of several considerations, including:

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In this road, there are many intersections at this particular point, causing traffic delays. In particular hours
07.00-08.00 WIB where many students, students, workers and traders start activities, at 12.00-13.00 WIB where
workers resting hours to find food and the activities of truck drivers and drivers online application send goods
and at 17.00-18.00 WIB where the vehicle users go home to end the activity at their respective homes.
These roads have many food stands or restaurants located on the roadside. The level of side obstacles is
the number of cars and motorbikes parked on the shoulder of the road.
The large volume of vehicles going in and out along the Keputih city of Surabaya causes the average
delay time (DT) of each vehicle to be large which causes queues.
Analysis of traffic congestion on Surabaya's Wonokusumo road is not new. However, the problem
becomes a priority with the increasing congestion on the road. The method used in the analysis as a procedure is
to analyze the average daily traffic volume (LHR) survey data.
The purpose of this analysis is to find out important information such as traffic jams at the location of the
incident. The results of the study can be utilized by government agencies to improve the traffic transportation
system and for road users to be more disciplined and wise when using motorized vehicles in road traffic.

1.1. Problem
1. How is the traffic condition on Jalan Wonokusumo?
2. How are the side barriers on Jalan Wonokusumo?
3. What is the level of capacity and degree of saturation at Jalan Wonokusumo?

1.2. Purpose
1. Knowing the traffic conditions on Jalan Wonokusumo.
2. Knowing the side obstacles on Jalan Wonokusumo.
3. Knowing the capacity and degree of saturation on Jalan Wonokusumo.

2. Literature Review
2.1. Previous Researchs
Here are some studies related to congestion analysis:
1. Sahniza Tamara B, Analysis of the Impact of Traffic Congestion on the Bogor-Jakarta Highway.
2. Mangatur, Analysis of the Impact of Traffic Congestion in Jambi City.
3. Melisa Margareth, Traffic Studies in the City Center of Ratahan.
4. Deden Firmasnyah, Analysis of Congestion in an Area (Case Study on Jalan Lenteng Agung).
5. Sukma Meutia, Analysis of Congestion in the Educational Area on Pocut Baren Street, Banda Aceh
City.
6. Wini Mustikarani, Analysis of Traffic Congestion Along Jalan H Rais Rahman, Pontianak City.
7. Iwan Mudjanarko, Driving Factors Cause of Congestion.
8. Alosius de Rozary, Factors That Cause Traffic Congestion On The Main Street Of The City Of
Surabaya.
9. Dewi Indarsari, Analysis of Traffic Congestion on Arterial and Collector Roads in Depok District.
10. Yassir Fuad, Analysis of Congestion on Jalan Marelan Raya.

2.1. Traffic Volume

Traffic volume is the most important change (variable) in traffic engineering, which is basically a
calculation process related to the number of movements per unit time at a certain location. Traffic volume
analysis basically aims to determine the importance value of a route, fluctuations in flow, traffic distribution on
a road system, and trends in road usage.
To get this traffic volume, the formula for the Average Daily traffic survey is used, namely:
LHR = Number of passing vehicles
Unit Time (60 Minutes)

2.2. Road Capacity

Road capacity is the maximum flow through a waypoint that can be maintained per hour under certain
conditions. For two-lane two-way roads, the capacity is determined for the two-way (two-way combination).
Capacity values were observed through field data collection surveys wherever possible. Capacity is expressed in
passenger car units (MKJI, 1997).

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4. Research Methodology

Start

Identification Of Problem

Literature Review

Data Collection

Primary Data Secondary Data

Traffic Volume Survey Road Section Performance

Geometric Survey Degree of Saturation Side barriers

Data Analysis

Data Management

Conclusion

Done

Figure 1. Research Flowchart

4. Result And Discussion

4.1. Street Profil
Wonokusumo Street is the name of a street in the city of Surabaya. Wonokusumo Street is a central or
central area because from the east is a tenggumung road, from the west is Karang Tembok road, from the south
is Wonosari road and from the north is Sidotopo School Road. On that road the point where there are shops,
restaurants and warehousing, passing traffic flow that is active in daily activities.
This is what causes congestion so that congestion often occurs on the Wonokusumo road section. The
following is the Geometric data of the 100-meter Wonokusumo road segment:
a. Road Type : 2/2 UD (2 lanes - 2 undivided directions)
b. Street : 1 meter on the right side and 1 meter on the left side

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c. The width of the road : 6 meters for a total of 2 directions

d. Population : 181,653 inhabitants (Fuad, 2017)

4.2. Traffic Volume

Traffic volume is the total of vehicles traveling at a particular point on a certain time road segment.
Expressed in units of passenger car vehicles (SMP). For the planned traffic volume (VLHR) is the estimated
traffic volume at the end of the planned traffic year expressed in junior high school / hour.

Calculation on Monday in the direction of Karang Wall Junior High School / hour (17.00-18.00)
a. LV x EMP LV = 486 x 1.0 = 486 pcu / hour
b. HV x EMP HV = 9 x 1.2 = 10.8 junior high / hour
c. MC x EMP MC = 1140 x 0.25 = 285 junior high / hour

So the total in junior high / hour obtained: 486 + 10.8 + 285 = 781.8 junior / hour

Calculation on Monday to Tenggumung Junior High School / hour (17.00-18.00)

a. LV x EMP LV = 544 x 1.0 = 544 pcu / hour
b. HV x EMP HV = 9 x 1.2 = 10.8 junior high / hour
c. MC x EMP MC = 1081 x 0.25 = 270.25 pcu / hour

So the total in junior high / hour is obtained: 544 + 10.8 + 270.25 = 825.05 junior / hour
So the total volume of vehicles 682.8 + 664.05 = 1606 pcu / hour.

Table 1. Total Vehicle Volume in Passenger Car Units (junior high / hour)

Time Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Monday Tuesday

7:00-8:00 1287.3 1240.85 1379,2 1302,6 1517.85 1371,8
12:00-13:00 1109.85 959.55 1025,6 920.15 1267.65 1227,6
17:00-18.00 1412,6 1388.75 1211.05 1061.95 1606.85 1503.9

4.3. Analisis Data

The following graph shows the average daily traffic survey on the Wonokusumo road.

2000

1500

1000
07.00-08.00
500
12.00-13.00
0 17.00-18.00

Figure 1. Average Daily Traffic Survey Graph on Wonokusumo Road

From the table, it can be seen that the maximum volume on Monday afternoon at 17.00 - 18.00 West
Indonesia Time is 1606 pcu / hour, this is due to the dense trade activity, which is the number of restaurants,
shops, and hours of work which are very high. While the sloping traffic volume occurred on Saturday afternoon
at 12.00 - 13.00 WIB at 920.15 pcu / hour due to the quiet activity at that hour and for the road dominated only
pick up and trucks for delivery of goods. The data taken in this survey are vehicles that stop and park on the
shoulders, pedestrians that are in line and also cross the road, traffic flowing in and out of the road, and slow

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vehicles. From this study multiplied by the side obstacle weighting factor. The survey was conducted at a
distance of 100 meters and selected the most segment data.

Table 2. Total side drag results for events per 100 meters per hour

Time Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Monday Tuesday

7:00 to
149.8 160.7 197.9 289.2 221.8 173.9
8:00
12: 00-13:
84.9 121.8 396.4 103 109.9 103.1
00
17:00-
206.8 230.5 260.3 243 231,5 228.6
18.00
Total 441,5 513 854.6 635,2 563.2 505,6
Max Value 396.4

SIDE BARRIERS
07.00-08.00 12.00-13.00 17.00-18.00

396.4
260.3 289.2
206.8 230.5 243 231.5
221.8 228.6
160.7 197.9 173.9
149.8 121.8 109.9
84.9 103 103.1

WED THU FRI SAT MON TUE

Figure 2. Graph of Side Barriers on the Wonokusumo Road Section

After analyzing the side obstacle class table above, it was found that on Friday is included in the medium
obstacle class (M), namely the number of events 300-499 events per hour (396 events / hour). Medium obstacles
on Friday due to the activities of worshiping Muslims perform Friday prayers and use the shoulder of the road
around the mosque as parking and shopping activities and shops that are on the edge of the road interfere with
road performance activities.
Whereas on Wednesday shows a class of side barriers at a very low level <100 events per hour (85 events
/ hour) because around shops, stalls and restaurants activities are lower and not too disturbing traffic activities.
This degree of saturation is a comparison between the volume of traffic and the capacity of the road.
Calculation of degree of saturation in the presence of side barriers can be seen as follows:

DS = Q / C
Information :
Q = Vehicle Volume
C = Capacity

Vehicle volume from the results of the average daily traffic survey is on Monday at 17:00 - 18:00 with a
total of 1346 pcu / hour.
Capacity (C) = 1985 junior high / hour
Then = 1346/1985 = 0.678

From the calculation of the degree of saturation we can see that the recapitulation of the degree of
saturation.

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Table 3. The results of the calculation of the degree of saturation per hour in the presence of side barriers.

Time Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Monday Tuesday

7:00 to
0.648514 0.625113 0.694811 0.656222 0.76466 0.691083
8:00
12: 00-13:
0.559118 .483401 0.516675 0.463552 0.638615 0.618438
00
17:00-
0.711637 0.699622 0.610101 0.534987 0.809496 0.757632
18.00

The following graph shows the degree of saturation that occurs in the Wonokusumo road section.

SATURATION DEGREEES
1
0.5
0

07.00-08.00 12.00-13.00 17.00-18.00

Figure 3. Graph of Saturation Degrees in the Wonokusumo Road Section

Based on the analysis it appears that the value of the degree of saturation that exceeds the maximum limit
of the degree of saturation in a few hours of observation time that is past the DS limit> 0.75 - 0.80 based on
MKJI 1997 even the road capacity up to DS of 0.809 then the results produce the level of service is D, namely:
current approaches not stable and low speed.

5. Conclusion and Acknowledge

5.1. Conclusion
Based on the results of data management and analysis of the Wonokusumo road section due to side
constraints, conclusions can be drawn as follows:

1. The highest vehicle volume on the Wonokusumo road section is 1606 km / hour. This is due to the high
volume of vehicles due to the dense activities of returning home from work and accompanied by high
activity around shops, kiosks and restaurants.
2. The highest side barriers on Friday with the category of medium side barriers (M) 396 events / hour,
caused by the side of the road which is a row of shops, stalls, restaurants and places of worship for
Muslims Friday prayer there is no parking space that is provided properly so it really disrupts the
wonokusumo road traffic activity.
3. Based on observations that have been made the value of the worst service level is D. This shows that
the vehicle flow is obstructed, low speed, the volume of the vehicle is above capacity.

From the results of the analysis that has been done, suggestions that can be given by the author are:

1. To reduce the level of side barriers, namely for the local community to be more obedient when driving,
do not grab each other, not to put parking on the shoulder of the road during the purchase transaction,
place the vehicle on the land that is thought to be empty, awareness for stall owners, shops and
restaurants to provide parking space proper so as not to disrupt the flow of traffic on the road. And for
truck drivers who ignore the deadline entering the Wonokusumo road, it causes obstruction in morning
and evening activities.
2. Particularly for the government to complete traffic signs for maximum speed, no parking, no stops and
so on and it is hoped that it will not disrupt traffic flow on the Wonokusumo road.

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3. The government is expected to expand the road due to the very high volume of traffic on the road and
improve the function of the shoulder as a pedestrian track to function properly.

5.2. Acknowledge
Praise be to thank Alhamdulillah the authors pray for the presence of Allah SWT, for the blessings of
grace, guidance and gifts so that the author can complete the thesis entitled "Analysis of Traffic Congestion on
Jalan Wonokusumo, Surabaya City" smoothly. This thesis is made to apply for graduation requirements for
Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Narotama University,
Surabaya.
As a human being I am aware of limitations, shortcomings and mistakes. However, I have tried my best
to do my best so that this Final Project can be completed as expected. On this occasion I would like to express
my deep gratitude to:
1. Both parents, my beloved brothers and sisters, were the greatest encouragement to me, and who gave me a
lot of moral and material support and prayers.
2. Mr Dr. Ir. Koespiadi, M.T., as the Dean of Civil Engineering at Narotama University Surabaya.
3. Mr. Ronny Durrotun Nasishien, S.T., M.T., as the Head of the Civil Engineering Study Program at
Narotama University Surabaya.
4. Mr Dr. H. Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko, S.T., M.T., as Lecturer in Civil Engineering, Narotama University
Surabaya.
5. Mr Dr. M. Ikhsan Setiawan S.T., M.T., as the Lecturer in Civil Engineering, Narotama University
Surabaya.
6. Muhan Fahri, Wahyu Nugroho, Deby Fariska, Muhammad Farid and Sandri Adianto as Traffic survey
partners in this Final Project research.
7. Muhan Fahri, Wahyu Nugroho, Deby Fariska, Muhammad Farid and Sandri Adianto as discussion partners
for this Final Project guidance.
8. Nidia Septianing, Jalu Pamungkas, Yogi prasetyo as work partners who provided motivation and
enthusiasm while I was studying and completing this final project.
9. Colleagues of all Civil Engineering students of Narotama University Surabaya and all parties who helped
in the preparation of this Final Project. I hope that this Final Project can fulfill the desired requirements
and objectives, thank you for your attention.

References
Boediningsih, W. (2011). Impact of traffic density on city air pollution Surabaya.
Fuad, Y. (2017). Analysis of Traffic Congestion on Jalan Marelan Raya. Muhammadiyah University.
MKJI. (1997). No TitleIndonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI). Public Works Department.

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