Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: Prof Ed 9-1S-2021-2022

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Bayombong Campus

DEGREE Bachelor of Elementary Education COURSE NO. Prof Ed 9

PROGRAM
SPECIALIZATION General COURSE The Teacher and the Curriculum
TITLE
YEAR LEVEL BEED 3 TIME FRAME 3 Hrs. WKNO. 1 IM 1
NO.

I. CHAPTER 1: Curriculum Essentials

Module 1: The School Curriculum and the Teacher
II. LESSON I: Curriculum in schools

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

Module 1 is all about school curricula and the teacher. This introductory module exposes the
different types of curricula that exist in the teacher's classroom and school. Further, Module 1 describes the
important roles of the teacher as a curricularist who engages in the different facets of curriculum development
in any educational level.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

 Discussed the different curricula that exist in the schools

 Enhanced understanding of the role of the teacher as a curricularist
 Analyzed the significance of curriculum and curriculum development in the teacher's classroom

V. LESSON CONTENT

Take Off
Have you read "The Sabre-Tooth Curriculum by Harold Benjamin (1939)?" Take some time to read it and find out what
curriculum is all about those times.

Start here and enjoy reading.

A man by the name of New-Fist-Hammer-Maker knew how to do things his community needed to have done, and he
had the energy and the will to go ahead and do them. By virtue of these characteristics, he was an educated man. New
-Fist was also a thinker. Then as now, there were few lengths to which men would not go to avoid the labor and pain of
thought... New-Fist got to the point where he became strongly dissatisfied with the accustomed ways of his tribe. He
began to catch glimpses of ways in which life might be made better for himself, his family and his group. By virtue of
this development, he became a dangerous man....
New-Fist thought about how he could harness the children's play to better the life of the community.
He considered what adults do for survival and introduced these activities to children in a deliberate and formal
way. These included catching fish with bare hands, clubbing little wooly horses, and chasing away-saber-
toothed-tigers-with-fire. These then became the curriculum and the community began to prosper-with plenty
of food, hides for attire and protection from threat. "It is supposed that all would have gone well forever with
this good educational system, if conditions of life in that community remained forever the same." But
conditions changed.
The glacier began to melt and the community could no longer see the fish to catch with their bare
hands, and only the most agile and clever fish remained who hid from the people. The wooly horses were
“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational
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NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 1 of 4
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: Prof Ed 9-1S-2021-2022
ambitious and decided to leave the region. The tigers got pneumonia and most died. The few remaining tigers
left. In their place, fierce bears arrived who would not be chased by fire. The community was in trouble.
One day, in desperation, someone made a net from willow twigs and found a new way to catch fish-
and the supply was even more plentiful than before. The community also devised a system of traps on the path
to snare the bears. Attempts to change education system to include these new
techniques however encountered "stern opposition."
These are also activities we need to know. Why can’t the schools teach them? But most of the tribe
particularly the wise old men who controlled the school, smiled indulgently at this suggestion. “That wouldn't
be education... it would be mere training “We don’t teach fish grabbing to catch fish, we teach it to develop a
generalized agility which can never be duplicated by mere training... and so on. "If you had any education
yourself, you would know that the essence of true education is timelessness. It is something that endures
through changing conditions like a solid rock standing squarely and firmly in the
middle of a raging torrent”

The story was written in 1939. Curriculum then, was seen as a tradition of organized knowledge taught in schools of the
19th century. Two centuries later, the concept of a curriculum has broadened to include several modes of thoughts or
experiences.
No formal, non-formal or informal education exists without a curriculum. Classrooms will be empty
with no curriculum. Teachers will have nothing to do, if there is no curriculum. Curriculum is at the
heart of the teaching profession. Every teacher is guided by some sort of curriculum in the classroom and in schools.
In our current Philippine educational system, different schools are established in different educational
levels which have corresponding recommended curricula. The educational levels are:

TESDA takes care of technical-vocational education and training

I. Basic Education. This level include Kindergarten, Grade 1 to Grade 6 for elementary, and for secondary, Grade 7 to
Grade 10, for the Junior High School and Grade 1 and 12 and for the Senior High School. Each of the levels has its
specific recommended curriculum. The new basic education levels are provided in the K to 12 Enhanced Curriculum of
2013 of the Department of Education.

2. Technical Vocational Education. This is post-secondary technical vocational educational and training. For the Tech
Voc track in SHS of Deped, DepEd and TESDA work in close coordination.

3. Higher Education. This includes the Baccaularette or Bachelor Degrees and the Graduate Degrees (Masterate and
Doctorate) which are under the regulation of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

Content Focus
In whatever levels of schooling and in various types of learning environment, several curricula exist. Let
us find out how Allan Glatthorn (2000) as mentioned in Bilbao, et al (2008) classified these:

Types of Curricula In Schools

Have you realized that in every classroom there are several types of curriculum operating? Let us look
into each one.
1. Recommended Curriculum. Almost all of the currricula found in our schools are recommended. For Basic Education,
these are recommended by the Department of Education (DepED), for Higher Education by the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) and Vocational Technical Education by Technical Education, Skills Development Authority (TESDA).
These three government agencies oversee and regulate Philippine education. The recommendations come in the form
of memoranda or policy, standards and guidelines. Other professional organizations or international bodies like
UNESCO also recommends curricula in schools.

2. Written Curriculum. This includes documents based on the recommended curriculum. They come in a form of course
of study, syllabi, modules, books, instructional guides among others. A packet of this written curriculum is the teacher's
lesson plan. The most recent written curriculum is the K to 12 for Philippine Basic Education.
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purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
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 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: Prof Ed 9-1S-2021-2022

3. Taught Curriculum. From what has been written or planned, the curriculum has to be implemented or taught. The
teacher and the learners will put life to the written curriculum. The skill of the teacher to facilitate learning based on
the written curriculum with the aid of instructional materials and facilities will be necessary. The taught curriculum will
depend largely on the teaching style of the teacher and the learning style of the learners.

4. Supported Curriculum is described as support materials that the teacher needs to make learning and teaching
meaningful. These include print materials like books, charts, posters, worksheets, or non-print materials like
PowerPoint presentation, movies, slides, models, realias, mock-ups and other electronic
illustrations. Supported curriculum also includes facilities where learning occurs outside or inside the four-walled
building. These include the playground, science laboratory, audio-visual rooms, zoo, museum, market or the plaza.
These are the places where authentic learning through direct experiences occur.

5. Assessed Curriculum. Taught and supported curricula have to evaluated to find out if the teacher has succeeded or
not in facilitating learning. In the process of teaching and end of every lesson or teaching episode, an assessment is
made. It can either be assessment for learning, assessment as learning or assessment of learning. If the process is to
find the progress of learning, then. the assessed curriculum is for learning, but if it is to find out how much has been
learned or mastered, then it is assessment of learning. In either way, such curriculum is the assessed curriculum.

6. Learned Curriculum. How do we know if the student has learned? We always believe that if a student changed
behavior, he/she has learned. For example, from a non-reader to a reader or from not knowing to knowing or from
being disobedient to being obedient. The positive outcome of teaching is an indicator
of learning. These are measured by tools in assessment, which can indicate the cognitive, affective and psychomotor
outcomes. Learned curriculum will also demonstrate higher order and critical thinking and lifelong skills.

7. Hidden/Implicit Curriculum. This curriculum is not deliberately planned, but has a great impact on the behavior of
the learner. Peer influence, school environment, media, parental pressures, societal changes, cultural practices, natural
calamities, are some factors that create the hidden curriculum. Teachers should be sensitive and aware of this hidden
curriculum. Teachers must have good foresight to include these in the written curriculum, in order to bring to the
surface what are hidden.

In every teacher's classroom, not all of these curricula may be present at one time. Many of them are
deliberately planned, like the recommended, written, taught, supported, assessed, and learned curricula.
However, a hidden curriculum is implied, and a teacher may or may not be able to predict its influence on
learning. All of these have significant part on the life of the teacher as a facilitator of learning and direct
implication to the life of the learners.
Now that you are fully aware that there are seven types of curricula operating in every teacher's
classroom, it is then very necessary to learn deeper and broader about the role of the teacher in relation to the
school curriculum.

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Activity - Observing a Curriculum in a Classroom

Visit a classroom other than your own with permission from the teacher. (Elem, High School, College).
Do the two activities:

1. Observe the classroom situation.

2. Interview the teacher.

Focus your observation and interview on the presence or absence of the seven types of curricula and
their descriptions.
3. Record your observation and interview on the matrix provided.

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 4
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: Prof Ed 9-1S-2021-2022
Guide questions for Observation and Interview
1. What curricula are present in the classroom from my observation?
2. What curricula are present in the classroom from my interview?
3. How do I describe what I observed/interview?

Type of Curriculum What observation/Information did I get? Or what answers did I get from my
interview?
1. Recommended
2. Written
3. Taught
4. Supported
5. Assessed
6. Learned
7. Hidden

Self-Check
I. Spin a Win: Agree or Disagree
Read each statement and decide whether you Agree or Disagree. Write your answer before each number.

__________1. In the Saber Tooth Curriculum learning is experiential and authentic.

__________2. It is a reality that there exists more than one curricula in the teacher's classroom.
__________3. A teacher can say with confidence that learning has occurred, if the curriculum has been
assessed.
__________4. Some curricula in the schools/classrooms are unwritten.
__________5. To establish national standards, teachers should be guided by recommended curriculum in
basic and higher education.
__________6. Teachers should expect that school curricula are dynamite and changing.
__________7. Evaluated curriculum makes judgment about learning.
__________8. Textbooks and modules are written curricula that represent the recommended curricula,
__________9. Only the Department of Education can recommend a curriculum.
__________10. In the heart of all the types of curricula, the teacher has a major role.

VI. ASSIGNMENT

Is it necessary for teachers to learn about school curriculum? Why?

VII. REFERENCES

Alistair, R. (2000) Curriculum: Construction and Critique, London: Palmer Press

Bilbao, Purita P., [Link]. 2020. The Teacher and the School Curriculum. Lorimar Publishing,
Inc.

Curriculum Corporation (1994). A statement on the arts for Australian schools 

Darby M (1994): Art Beats, Jacaranda

NSW Department of Education (1989): Visual Arts K-6 Syllabus and Support Documents 

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 4 of 4
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: Prof Ed 9-1S-2021-2022

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational
purposes only and not for commercial distribution,”
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 5 of 4